Chimodzi mwazilombo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri ndi mimbulu. Ndi okongola, ang'ono komanso okhazikika nthawi zonse. Chilombochi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi umunthu ndipo chimafotokozedwa munkhani zambiri. Nkhandwe ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu pachikhalidwe. Ndizoyenera.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyama iyi m'chilengedwe. Mayina a mitundu ya mimbulu: Mackenzian, imvi, marsupial, ofiira, owopsa, polar, maned, ndi ena onse mitundu ya mimbulu amasiyana kukula kwa thupi, utoto ndi kachulukidwe ka ubweya, malo okhala ngakhale zizolowezi. Tiyeni tikhale pa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Nkhandwe ya Mackenzian
North America ndi kontinenti yodabwitsa. Nyama zambiri zathawira kumeneko, kuphatikiza woimira Mackenzian. Izi malingaliro a nkhandwe pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi thunzi lamagazi. Chilombo chotere chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazisaka zokhetsa mwazi zokhetsa magazi.
Thupi lalikulu limamuthandiza kupha nyama mwachangu komanso popanda mavuto, kapena, torso yolimba ndi miyendo yayitali yomwe imayenda ngakhale m'malo ovuta. Njira yopumira ya mtundu uwu yakula bwino. Ngakhale mutayenda makilomita 100, mmbulu wa Mackenzian sudzakumana ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira.
Mphuno ndi gawo la thupi la nyama lomwe limavutika kuzizira, chifukwa chake, nthawi yogona, nthawi zambiri imaliphimba ndi ubweya wa mchira wake wautali. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo izitha kutentha. Sternum ya nkhandwe ya Mackenzian ili ndi tsitsi lowala, ndipo msana ndi mchira wakuda.
Msaki uyu nthawi zonse amasaka nyama ndi anzawo. Nthawi zambiri, mgulu limodzi la mimbulu ya Makenzian, mumakhala anthu pafupifupi 10. Ziweto zimapha ziweto zambiri zazikulu monga mphalapala ndi njati.
Nkhandwe Yofiira
Izi ndizo nkhandwe yosowaokhala kumapiri aku South ndi Central Asia. Chithunzicho ndichachidziwikire cha tsitsi lofiira. Ena mitundu ya mimbulu yofiira zimapezeka kumadera ena. Ali ndi dzina lina - "buanzu".
Nkhandwe yofiira imafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe. Ndi nyamayi yayikulu komanso yaubweya kwambiri. Mchira wa nyamayo ndi wautali kotero kuti uyenera kuukoka pansi. Kumbuyo ndi mbali yamthupi, tsitsi lakuda limawoneka, koma silokwanira. Buanzu amabadwa osati wofiira, koma wabulauni. Mukamakula, mwana wammbulu umawala.
Nyengo ikasintha, ubweya wa nyama umasinthanso. M'chilimwe kumakhala kovuta, ndipo nthawi yozizira, m'malo mwake, ndiwofatsa komanso ofewa. Komanso m'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yopepuka pang'ono. Maonekedwe a nkhandwe yofiira zimadalira malo ake.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amapezeka ku Indochina amakhala ndi malaya atali kwambiri komanso ofewa kwambiri, pomwe ma "Pakistani" ndi "Afghans" ali ndi zazifupi. Chosangalatsa pamtunduwu ndi mano ochepa kwambiri pakati pa mimbulu yonse.
Polar Wolf
Malo okhala nkhandwe yoyera yoyera iyi ndi Arctic, chifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri a zoo amachitcha kuti "Arctic". Nyamayo sichiwopa kutentha konse, imatetezedwa kwa iwo ndi ubweya wokulirapo wautali. Ubweya wa nyamawo ndi wandiweyani kotero kuti ngakhale mvula yozizira ndi mphepo yamphamvu siziwopa.
Zakudya zamtunduwu ku Arctic ndizochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, nyama ikapha nyama yake, imasiya nyama yake "mosungira", imayesetsa kuyidya. Mwa njira, nkhandwe yakummwera yakhazikika yokha ngati msaki wabwino kwambiri. Pofunafuna nyama, amathandizidwa ndi fungo labwino komanso masomphenya abwino.
Zimadziwika kuti chifukwa chosowa chakudya, imatha kusala kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Chifukwa chiyani nkhandwe yokongolayi ili pafupi kutha? Pali zifukwa ziwiri:
- Kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana a Arctic, chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo padziko lapansi.
- Kuchulukitsa chidwi kwa alenje kuubweya wonyezimira wa nkhandwe.
Nkhandwe ya Marsupial
Lero, paliponse Padziko Lapansi, marsupial Wolf sapezeka. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti yatha. Thupi la cholengedwa chotere limafika kutalika kwa masentimita 120, ndipo limalemera pafupifupi 30 kg. Anapezeka m'dera la Australia amakono.
Maonekedwe a nyamayo anali ngati galu kuposa nkhandwe. Anali ndi chikhoto chachifupi koma chakuda kwambiri. Pakukhudza, zinali zovuta. Mikwingwirima idadutsa thupi la marsupial nkhandwe. M'nkhalango, anthu oterewa amasankhidwa kuti azigona m'phanga, ndipo ngati sizotheka kuwapeza, amabowolera matabwa.
Nkhandwe ya marsupial pafupifupi sinalumikizane ndi anthu ena, ndikupanga gulu. Koma, pakhala pali milandu yodziwika ya moyo wophatikizika wa nyama izi. Mawu a chilombocho anali osiyana kwambiri ndi mawu a mimbulu ina. Anali ngati chifuwa, anali wogontha komanso chete.
Nkhandwe yoyera
Mtundu wina wakutha wa nkhandwe. Ichi ndi chinyama chachikulu, chomwe thupi lake limatha kutalika kuposa mita 1.5. Ndipo amalemera makilogalamu oposa 60. Malo ake anali North America. Kuchokera ku nkhandwe imvi, yowopsya idasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakuthupi ndi miyendo yolimba.
Iye anali mmodzi wa waukulu kusaka zinthu za anthu akale. Ndizovuta kunena ndendende mimbulu yomwe yomwe idasaka yokha. Komabe, ku zoology kuli mfundo - kulemera kwa thupi la nyama yolusayo sikungakhale kopitilira kulemera kwathunthu kwa mamembala onse a gulu lowukira.
Potengera izi, titha kunena kuti m'moyo wa nkhandwe yoopsa, iye anaukira makamaka njati, yomwe thupi lake limapitilira makilogalamu 300. Koma gulu la nyama zamphamvuzi silimatha kudya njati tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimadya nyama zazikulu zam'madzi zotsukidwa kumtunda.
Nkhandwe ya ku Ethiopia
Maonekedwe a nkhandwe ambiri ngati nkhandwe. Munthu wotero amakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira wofiyira, pansi pa mchira pamapazi ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi pali ubweya woyera wosakhwima. Makutu a nyama ndi otalikirana komanso otakata. Ndizofala ku Ethiopia, mtundu wowopsa wa mimbulu... Izi sizili chifukwa cha kusaka, koma chifukwa cha kutaya kwa banal kwapadera, chifukwa nyamayi nthawi zambiri imalumikizana ndi agalu aku Africa.
Nyamayo imathamanga kwambiri. Miyendo yayitali imamuthandiza kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Mmbulu wa ku Ethiopia suukira masewera akulu, amangokonda nyama zazing'ono zam'nkhalango, mwachitsanzo, hares, makoswe kapena mbewa. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yomwe mdani ameneyu amalimba mtima nayo ndi mphalapala.
Nkhandwe
Chilombocho chidalandira dzina lakutchulidwalo chifukwa chovala chachitali, chofewa, chofanana ndi mane, koma osati mkango, koma kavalo. Ubweya wafupi umangopezeka pamiyendo ya munthuyo. Nkhandwe yamwamuna imapezeka m'maiko angapo ku South America, kuphatikiza Brazil.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyamayo ndi wofiira, koma pali malo akuda pamiyendo, khosi ndi mchira. Nkhandwe yamamuna imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira pomwe pali zomera zazitali. Chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi miyendo yayitali. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yochepa ya mimbulu yomwe imakonda kusaka yokha, yopanda abale.
Nyamayo imazembera mwakachetechete m'nkhalango kuti ifike pafupi mwakachetechete ndi nyamayo, kenako - ikutha mwadzidzidzi, nkuiukira. Kupatula nyama zazing'ono, nkhandwe yamwamuna imadya mbalame ndi zipatso. Kawirikawiri, amagwirizana ndi mimbulu ina kuti akaukire ziweto. Chilombo chotere ndi cha "banja" (lokhala ndi akazi okhaokha). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ana a nkhandwe yamphongo amakhala ofiira pakapita nthawi. Amabadwa a bulauni kapena akuda.
Nkhandwe ya Tundra
Ubweya wautali wowala ndi womwe umapangitsa kuti nkhandwe za tundra zisiyane ndi nyama zina. Amapezeka ku Russia. Kukula kwa thupi ndikotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi arctic. Mtundu uwu umatchedwanso Siberia.
Kuti tikhuta mokwanira, nyama iyenera kudya nyama yosachepera 10 kg. Koma mwayi woterewu ndi wosowa kwa iye. Nyama ikapanda kukumana ndi masewera akuluakulu, imatha kudzidyetsa ndi mbewa kapena kalulu.
Ku Siberia, mutha kupeza nkhandwe yamtambo wofiirira, koma pali owerengeka, nthawi zambiri opepuka amapezeka. Izi mitundu ya mimbulu ku Russia amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa osamala kwambiri. Nyama nthawi zonse imapewa anthu.
Nkhandwe ya ku Mongolia
Mtundu wa canine ndi wocheperako kuposa tundra imodzi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nkhandwe ya ku Mongolia ndi 38 kg. Ubweya wofiirira wowonekera umakhala pathupi la nyama. Amakhala ku Russia, ku Primorsky Territory.
Nkhandwe ya ku Mongolia ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri. Amatha kuthamangitsa wovutikayo kwa maola angapo. Nthawi zambiri kusaka nyama zoterezi kumatha ndikuti nyamazo zimagwa pansi zitatopa. Kenako mimbulu imamukankhira. Makina osangalatsa a zomwe akuchita ndikuti amayenda pang'onopang'ono motsatizana, mzati umodzi wautali.
Nkhandwe yofiira
Akatswiri a zinyama akutsutsanabe za mtundu wa nyama yotereyi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhandwe yofiira ndi kuwona kwa nkhandwe imvindipo ena akuti ndi mtundu wina wa canine. Palinso mtundu woti chilombo ichi ndi chosakanizidwa cha nkhandwe komanso nkhandwe wamba.
Lero, chilombochi chingapezeke m'maiko ena aku America, mwachitsanzo, ku Texas. Chiwerengero chawo ndi chochepa, motero mitunduyo imawonedwa kuti ili pangozi. Mtundu wa malaya amtunduwo ndiwofiyira. Koma ku Louisiana, mungapeze oimira mdima wamtunduwu. Ali ndi chovala chotalikirapo, makutu atali ndi mapazi olimba, owonda.
Mwa zizolowezi komanso zokonda pakudya, nyama siyosiyana ndi mnzake "imvi". Monga nkhandwe imvi, ofiyira amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi abale awo. Komabe, chinyama chotere sichimapanga magulu akulu. Phukusi lililonse la nkhandwe yofiira limaphatikizapo anthu osaposa 8-10. Wodya nyama uyu ndiamuna m'modzi.
Phukusi likamapita kokasaka, nkhandwe yofowoka kwambiri imatsalira kuti isamalire anawo. Mwa njira, mimbulu yofiira imadyetsa makamaka ma raccoons ndi makoswe apakatikati. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kugwira ndikudya nyama yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, mphira.
Nkhandwe yaku Asia
Mu zoology, pali mitundu yambiri yokhudzana ndi mtundu wa mitundu iyi ya canine. Malinga ndi malingaliro wamba, nkhandwe yakum'mawa ndiyosakanizidwa ndi nkhandwe yofiira komanso imvi. Nyama yotere imakhala m'chigawo cha Canada ku Ontario.
Chilombo ichi sichachikulu. Kuyeza kwa thupi lake - mpaka masentimita 80. Ili ndi utoto wachikaso. Chovala chanyama chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba. Nkhandwe yakum'mawa ndi nyama yocheza, koma sakonda kupanga magulu angapo. Mu gulu limodzi sipangakhale anthu opitilira 3-5.
Mtundu wa zolusa imatengedwa osati monga mlenje kwambiri, komanso alonda kwambiri. Ngati chinyama china chisochera m'gawo la nkhandwe yakum'mawa, chidzagwidwa ndi mamembala onse a paketiyo. M'nkhalango zowirira, nyama nthawi zambiri zimasaka beavers ndi nyama zazikulu monga elk.
Nkhandwe ya Melville
Malo okhala nyama ndi chilumba cha Greenland. Nkhandwe ya Melville siyolemera makilogalamu opitilira 45, komabe, anthu ena amafikira 70 kg. Mimbulu yakuda ndi yoyera ya Melville imapezeka pachilumba cha Greenland. Ubweya wawo ndi wandiweyani komanso wautali. Makonda a mitunduyo ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono.
Munthu m'modzi sangathe kupha nyama yayikulu, chifukwa chake, pamtundu uwu, zimakhala zofunikira kuphatikiza. Mimbulu ya Melville imasaka anthu 6-9. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimatsata gulu la ng'ombe kapena nkhosa, kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuzindikira chofooka.
Chowonadi ndichakuti nyama yayikulu yayikulu imatha kukana ngakhale kumenya nkhandweyo poyankha. Amadziwa izi, chifukwa chake, samalowa nawo nkhondo ndi izi. Mimbulu ya Melville imakhala usiku wonse m'mapanga osaya miyala. Moyo wokhala ndi chilombo chotere ndiwovuta. Izi zikuwonetsedwa manambala ake.
Dingo
Mpaka pano, akatswiri asayansi sanagwirizanepo pankhani yokhudza dingoes. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chinyama ndi galu wamba, osalumikizana ndi nkhandwe, pomwe ena - kuti dingo ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha "nkhandwe". Mwanjira ina iliyonse, pali lingaliro loti iye ndi mbadwa ya nkhandwe yaku India, komanso, wowoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, chinyama ichi chimaganiziridwa m'nkhaniyi.
Mitunduyi ikufalikira ku Australia ndi Asia. Dingo amapezeka ngakhale ku New Guinea. Ndi mphalapala yomangidwa bwino, yozizira usiku ndi ubweya wofiira wandiweyani. Koma m'thupi la dingo mulinso tsitsi loyera (m'mphepete mwa mphuno, mchira ndi sternum). Ku New Guinea, kulinso ma dingoe akuda, okhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira kapena lakuda.
Ngakhale ndi "yopanda pake", nyama yamtunduwu sikamamveka ngati ikuwa kwa galu. Koma amalira mofananira ndi nkhandwe. Chinyama cha ginger ichi chimakhazikika pafupi ndi dziwe. Monga malo ogona, dingo amasankha maenje akuluakulu, mabowo kapena mapanga.
Zosangalatsa! Oimira aku Asia amtunduwu samawopa anthu, koma, m'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala pafupi nawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti anthu nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ma dingo. Mwa njira, galu wofiirira agwirizane ndi mtundu wake, ndikupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mtsogoleri yekha ndi mkazi wake ndiye ali ndi ufulu wobereka.
Nkhandwe yaku Central Russia
Nthumwi iyi ya nyama zodya nyama ndi yayikulu kuposa nkhandwe yamphongo. Mtundu wa ubweya wake wandiweyani umakhala wamtundu wachikale. Sternum ya nyamayo ndi yopepuka kuposa nsana wake. Ili ndi malaya opepuka. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nkhandwe yamphongo yaku Central Russia ndi 40 kg.
Chilombo chowopsa chimenechi chimapezeka m'nkhalango za Central Russia. Ku Altai mungapeze mimbulu yayikulu yaku Central Russia yolemera kwambiri kuposa 70 kg. Uyu ndi woimira wokongola kwambiri wamtundu wake, amakonda kusaka, kugona ndi kudya pafupi ndi anthu ena. Nkhandwe ya Central Russian imasaka nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, mphalapala kapena agwape.
Mu gulu limodzi la nyama zotere, pali anthu 30 mpaka 45. Panthawi ina, nkhandwe yaikazi yaku Central Russian imatha kubereka ana mpaka 10. Amawasamalira, osaiwala konse. Mwamuna ndi amene ali ndi udindo wopeza chakudya.
Nkhandwe ya m'chipululu
Mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe umakhala ku Central Asia, Kazakh ndi Russian steppe ndi madera amchipululu. Pali anthu otuwa, ofiira komanso otuwa-achikasu a nkhandwe. Amatchedwanso "steppe".
Kukula kwake, nyama yolimba ndiyotsika ndi nkhandwe imvi, komabe, ndiyolimba komanso yothamanga. Mbali yapadera ndi ubweya wolimba. Thupi la mmbulu wa m'chipululu ndi lowonda. Mtundu uwu sunaphunzirebe bwinobwino.
Nkhandwe ya ku Caucasus
Nyama yotere imapezeka ku Russia. Pali magawano omveka bwino a anthu omwe ali mgulu la Nkhandwe ya ku Caucasus. Ulamuliro wa mtsogoleri, nkhandwe yayikulu ya gululi, amangofunsidwa ngati wavulala kapena atakalamba. Kenako wamwamuna wina amatha kumutsutsa. Mimbulu ya ku Caucasus imadziwa bwino za gulu lawo.
Samagwirizana ndi nyama zomwe sizigwirizana kutsatira malamulo awo. Kwa ma canine ena "a ku Caucasus" ndi achiwawa. Ngati mdani wina angayerekeze kuwoloka gawo lawo, sizingakhale bwino kwa iye. Gulu limalimbana ndi chilombocho. Mtundu wa ubweya wa nkhandwe ya ku Caucasus ndi yoyera komanso imvi. Makutu awo ndi mapazi awo ndi ausinkhu wapakatikati. Pali ubweya wawung'ono wakuda mthupi lonse lanyama.
Ngakhale ali okonda nkhondo komanso okonda ndewu, mimbulu ya ku Caucasus imachita chidwi ndi ana awo. Onse makolo amatenga nawo gawo polera anawo. Sikuti amangowalimbikitsa mwachikondi, koma nthawi zina amawalanga kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cholangira mwana wamphongo ndi chidwi chake chochuluka.
Nkhandwe yaku Siberia
Akatswiri ena a zinyama amakayikira zakufunika kogawa nkhandwe ngati mtundu wina. Potengera mtundu wa malaya, kukula ndi machitidwe, nyama izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi abale awo oyandikira, mimbulu yaku Central Russia. Afalikira ku Kamchatka, Transbaikalia ndi Siberia. Ubweya wa nyama yotere ndiwosakhwima kwambiri mpaka kukhudza, ngati silika. Ndi wandiweyani komanso wautali. Ubweya wa nkhandwe yaku Siberia ndi wopepuka kuposa waku Central Russian. Kulemera kwa nyama mpaka makilogalamu 45.
Nkhandwe yaku Iberia
Iyi ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya canine yomwe, mpaka posachedwapa, imadziwika kuti yatha. Amakhala ku Spain ndi Portugal. Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyamayo ndi wotuwa. Nkhandwe ya Iberia ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa Central Russian. Pali timadontho tating'ono yoyera pankhope pake, kumbuyo ndi sternum. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu amatcha chilombocho "chidindidwa".
Akatswiri a zinyama akuti mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe ndiwothandiza kwambiri.Cholinga chake ndi kusamalira kuchuluka kwa ma grouse amitengo, omwe, mdera lawo, ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Kodi nkhandwe yaku Iberia imachita bwanji? Ndiosavuta.
Nyama imasaka nkhumba zakutchire, nthawi zambiri kuthamangitsa nkhuni. Nyama izi zimasaka timagulu tating'ono Ziwombankhanga zawo sizimphona zakutchire zokha, komanso agwape agwape, agwape ndi nkhosa. Nthawi zina mimbulu ya ku Iberia imadya nsomba.
Nkhandwe yamba
Chirombo chaching'ono ichi chimatchedwanso "kora san". Nkhandwe imapezeka ku South Asia, komabe, osati kalekale, inali yofala m'maiko ena aku Europe, mwachitsanzo, ku Albania.
Mimbulu imakhala ngati galu. Ndiocheperako kuposa, titi, dingo, kapena ngakhale mongrel wamba. Kulemera kwake ndi kochepera kwambiri kuposa kwa nkhandwe imvi, mpaka 20 kg. Mphuno ya nkhandwe ndi yosongoka komanso yayitali, ngati nkhandwe. Chovala cha "nkhandwe yochepetsedwa" iyi ndi imvi zofiirira. M'nyengo yozizira, kumakhala kosalala.
Masana, Kora San samadya konse, amasankha nthawi yamadzulo kuti adye. Amadya:
- Nsomba;
- Mbalame;
- Zovunda;
- Nkhono;
- Achule;
- Kafadala;
- Zipatso;
- Njoka, ndi zina.
Likukhalira, nkhandwe imakhala yopatsa chidwi. Sakonda kusaka ndi mtundu wake. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono komanso kuchepa kwa nkhandwe, malingaliro akuthwa ndi changu zimathandiza nkhandwe kuti ikhale mlenje wabwino. Ikhoza kuzembera mwakachetechete nyama yake ndikuigwira mosavuta isanathe kuthawa.
