Mbalame yomvekayi imachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake akuthwa. Anthu ambiri okhala m'nkhalango amaopa kadzidzi. Mwamunayo anapatsanso chilombocho mphamvu zoposa - m'nthano, zimapereka mphamvu zakuda. Chifukwa chachinsinsi chimakhala pakuyang'ana kosayenda kwa wakubayo usiku, kuthekera kosowa kwa wosaka nthenga.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mphungu - mbalame, zokhudzana ndi banja la kadzidzi. Akuluakulu kutalika 70-75 cm, nyama ya chilombo - makilogalamu 3-4. Mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi 1.5-1.9 m.Zikuwonekeratu kuti kumadera akumwera kwa kukula kwake kadzidzi ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto.
Maonekedwe a thupi la mbalameyo amafanana ndi mbiya, nthenga zotayikira zimapereka mawonekedwe ake. Mchira umakhala womaliza kumapeto. Miyendo yamphamvu nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi nthenga, koma sizili choncho kwa mitundu yonse ya akadzidzi. Zikhadabo ndi zolimba kwambiri ndipo ndi chida chowopsa cha chilombo.
Mutu waukulu umakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zachilendo. Makhalidwe "makutu" ndi omwe amadziwika ndi akadzidzi onse, koma si ziwalo zowerengera. Mlomo wawung'ono umakhala ndi mbedza. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka khomo lachiberekero ndi mitsempha yamagazi imalola mbalameyo kutembenuza mutu wake 200 °. Luso lodabwitsa limathandiza chilombo kuyang'anira chilichonse chozungulira.
Mutha kusiyanitsa kadzidzi ndi akadzidzi ambiri mwa kupezeka kwa "makutu" a nthenga
Maso akulu amakhala olemera nthawi zonse - lalanje, ofiira. Kusasunthika, kuyang'ana mtsogolo, kukhala tcheru usiku ndi usana. Mbalamezi zimawona malo awo ali akuda ndi oyera. Wophunzira, wotengeka kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa kuwala, amasintha nthawi zonse kukula kwake pamene kadzidzi amasuntha.
Chilombocho chimawona bwino madzulo. Usiku wonse, kadzidzi amayenda chifukwa chakumvetsera kwake mwachidwi, amatenga mawu ndi ziphuphu zofunika kwa mlenjeyo.
Mtundu wa chilombocho uli mumayendedwe osuta a bulauni, okhala ndi mitundu ingapo yazing'ono, ngati kuti yatsanulidwa ndi nthenga zosasunthika. Pachifuwa cha kadzidzi pali zipsera zakuda, mimba ili m'miyendo yopingasa. Chovala cha nyamayo chimasiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana.Kadzidzi imasinthasintha bwino kupita ku ma biotopu osiyanasiyana, komwe imapeza chakudya, malo osungira mazira. Nthawi zina mbalameyo imakafika kumene kumakhala anthu.
Mawu a Kadzidzi otsika, osakumbukika. Kuwombera khalidwe kumamveka pamtunda wa makilomita 2-4. Magwiridwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana panthawi yokwatira amatha kumveka m'mawa kwambiri. Zikumveka zimafanana ndi kubuula kwa misozi, kung'ung'udza, kukuwa, kutsokomola. Kuda nkhawa kumawonetsedwa ndi "kuseka" kwamphamvu. Mawu a kadzidzi ena amafanana ndi mawu amunthu.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi wamba
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zonyada zilibe mdani. Ndi anapiye okha omwe amasiyidwa osasamaliridwa kwakanthawi omwe amawopsezedwa. Nkhandwe ndi mimbulu zimaba anapiye kuzisa zawo. Ziwombankhanga zimafa msanga zikagwira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi mapiko awo, mbalame zimamwalira ndi poyizoni ndi makoswe ochokera kuminda yolimba. Mbalame zimazunzidwa ndi anthu opha nyama mopanda chilolezo.
Mitundu
Kutengera ndi malowa, mtundu wa zakudya, mitundu 19 imasiyanitsidwa, mtundu wina wa akadzidzi, ngakhale akatswiri azakudya amalimbikitsa kuzindikira kuti mtunduwo ndi wamba.Kadzidzi nsomba khalani ndi malo apadera m'malo olowerera ndege. Kusiyanitsa kwa gululi kumapezeka mu chakudya, chomwe chimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsomba zamtsinje.
Mbalame zazikulu 70 cm, kulemera kwa 3-4 kg. Mtundu umakhala wofiirira kwambiri wakuda. Zolemba zowala zilipo pakhosi, kumbuyo kwa mutu. Zala zake zilibe kanthu, ndi zidendene zothimbirira kuti zithandizire wovulalayo.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Zowononga zimasaka, zitakhala kumtunda, mitengo ikulendewera pamadzi. Amathamangira mwachangu nyama yolondayo, amalasa thupi la womenyedwayo ndi zikhadabo. M'madzi osaya amatha kuyendayenda pofunafuna nsomba zazinkhanira, achule, nsomba zazing'ono. Zinyumba kadzidzi kumpoto chakumadzulo Manchuria, China, Japan, Russia. Fufuzani ngati nsomba kadzidzi mu Red Book kapena ayi, sizoyenera - ndi mtundu wakufa.
Kadzidzi wamba. Mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yofiira, yomwe imasiyanasiyana kutengera malo amtundu wake. Ku Europe, Japan, China, nthenga ndi zakuda ndi zakuda, ku Central Asia, Siberia - imvi ndi utoto wofiira. Zala zake zili ndi nthenga zambiri. Nthawi zovuta, kadzidzi amapambana kwambiri kupeza nyama.
Mbalame zimakhala ku Ulaya, Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa. Chakudya cha kadzidzi ndi chachikulu modabwitsa - mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya mbalame. Makoswe, zovala zamphaka, amphaka ndi agalu nawonso amagwera mu zikhomo za mbalame yamphamvuyo.
Kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imatha kusaka ngwazi ndi amphaka
Kadzidzi Bengal. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kukula. Kulemera kwake kwa chilombocho ndi kochepa, ndi 1 kg, kutalika ndi pafupifupi masentimita 55. Chovala chachikaso chofiirira chimakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akuda ngati madontho. Maso ofiira a lalanje amafotokoza bwino kwambiri. Amakhala m'miyala ya India, Pakistan, Burma - mpaka kumapiri a Himalaya.
Maonekedwe akadzidzi m'malo okhalamo, padenga la nyumba pafupifupi zimawononga miyoyo yawo. Anakhala ngwazi zamatsenga, zomwe zimawonongedwa ndi anthu omwe sankafuna. Tsopano akadzidzi a mphungu za Bengal amatetezedwa ndi ntchito zambiri zachilengedwe.
Kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga cha ku Africa. Woimira banja, kulemera kwa mbalame wamkulu ndi 500-800 g, thupi liri pafupifupi masentimita 45, nthenga za chiwombankhanga ndi zofiirira ndi zofiira zoyera, zomwe zimaphatikizana m'malo amodzi. Maso ndi achikasu, nthawi zina okhala ndi lalanje. M'mayiko aku Africa, kadzidzi omwe amakhala ndimtambo amakhala m'mapiri, m'chipululu. Chilombocho ndichofala, chiwerengerocho sichowopsa.
Wofiirira (Abyssinian) kadzidzi. Mbalameyi ndiyofanana kukula kwake ndi wachibale wake waku Africa. Mbali yapadera ya chilombocho ndi mdima wakuda wamaso, omwe amawoneka ngati akuda. Nthengazo ndi zotuwa kapena zotuwa. Mbalame zimakhala kumadera akumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.
Nepalse chiwombankhanga. Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndiyapakati. Mtundu wa nthenga kumbuyo ndi woderako, m'mimba ndi pachifuwa ndi bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi mizere yakuda ndi yoyera. Anthu akumaloko amawona mbalame ngati zolengedwa zamdierekezi chifukwa cha mawu awo achilendo, okumbutsa zolankhula za anthu.
Zilakolako za nyama zolusa ndizoti zimawagwirira nyama zazikulu - kuyang'anira abuluzi, mimbulu. Malo okondedwa - nkhalango zowirira za Indochina, Himalaya.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi waku Nepalese
Virginia chiwombankhanga. Dzinalo dzina lomweli ku America komwe nyamayo idapezeka. Mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - zakuda, imvi, zofiirira zokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Amasintha bwino m'nkhalango, m'mapiri, m'zipululu, m'matauni. Amakhala ku America konse, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto, anthu ndi ochulukirapo.
Coromandel kadzidzi. Zimasiyana m'makutu a nthenga, zoyandikira kwambiri. A peculiarity wa chilombo akuwonetseredwa masana kusaka. Mbalameyi imakhazikika pafupi ndi madzi, m'madambo, m'zigwa zaku Southeast Asia.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mtundu wa kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga umalumikizidwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumpoto kwa taiga mpaka kumalire a chipululu. Malo okhala chilombocho ayenera kupezedwa ndi chakudya, malo obisika okhalako zisa. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimawoneka pamapiri otsetsereka ndiudzu, m'malo omwe ali ndi zigwa ndi zitunda zochuluka.
Chiwombankhanga chimasinthira ku zitsamba za moss, malo otayira nkhalango, malo owotcha, kutsuka. Mbalameyi imapewa nkhalango zowirira, imakhazikika m'malo ochepa, kunja kwa nkhalango. Nyamayo imakopeka ndi madera opanda mitengo, ngati pali nyama, makoswe, ndi zinthu zina zomwe chakudya cha kadzidzi chimapezeka pamalowo.
Mbalame siziopa anthu, zolusa zimawonekera m'malo opaka ndi minda. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi pafupifupi 46 awiriawiri akadzidzi pa 100 sq. Km.Kadzidzi - mbalame yozizirakukhala moyo wongokhala. Mitundu ina ya anthu yomwe imakhala kumadera akumpoto imasiya zisa zawo m'nyengo yozizira ndikupita kumwera kukafunafuna chakudya.
Kadzidzi ndi usiku
Ntchito za akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga zamitundu yambiri zimawonjezeka usiku. Masana, amapita kukafunafuna nyama makamaka nyengo ya mitambo, madzulo. Njira zosaka nyama zolusa m'malo osiyanasiyana ndizofanana, kupatula zikopa zakumtunda ndi kadzidzi.
Masana, akadzidzi akum'mwera amayang'ana nyama yawo kuchokera kumapiri - atakhala panthambi, m'malo otsetsereka, pamiyala yamiyala. Usiku, nthawi zambiri amathamangitsa nyama ikamauluka, akumayandama ngati kamphaka.
Posaka, akadzidzi amakhala m'mitsinje ikuluikulu kapena amayenda m'madzi osaya. Mosiyana ndi obadwa nawo, nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi, kusiya njira zonse za mapazi opindika. Amakwera m'madzi kukafuna nsomba, amachikoka m'madzi, ndikudzimangirira pang'ono pang'ono.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga imawuluka posaka nyama, kufunafuna chinthu choti chiziwatsata. Mwakuponya mwachangu, mbalameyo imagwira nyama yake, ndikuphwanya zikhadabo zake, osasiya mpata uliwonse womasula. Nyama zolusa zimadya nyama zing'onozing'ono, pomwe nyama zikuluzikulu zimang'ambika ndi milomo yawo, ndikumeza ndi khungu.
Zakudya zabwino
Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yodya nyama, m'zakudya zake mumakhala nyama zazing'ono zazikulu ndi mbalame zogawa misa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzolowere biotopes, zimachepetsa kudalira nyama zomwe zimadya mitundu ya zakudya, ndipo sizimakhudza kuchuluka kwa nyama zosowa. Kadzidzi wamkulu amafunika 200-400 g wa nyama patsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumawonjezeka, chilimwe chimachepa. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku
- makoswe: hamsters, mbewa, ma jerboas, agologolo apansi, agologolo;
- Zinyama: ma martens, mbira, agwape, ma hedgehogs, mbuzi;
- mbalame: nkhwangwa, abakha, akhwangwala, zitsamba zam'madzi, ziphuphu;
- zokwawa: abuluzi, akamba;
- tizilombo: dzombe, ntchentche zapansi, akangaude;
- nsomba, crustaceans.
Akadzidzi samangokakamira kukola anzawo, amabera nyambo pamisampha. Amakonda nyama zosavuta. Kadzidzi wa ku West Africa amadyera kafadala, mphemvu, njoka chifukwa cha zikhadabo zofooka.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kadzidzi amakhala ndi banja limodzi lokha. Mgwirizano wamphamvu sunaswe ngakhale nyengo yokolola itatha. Mwambo wokopa okondedwawo umachitika chaka chilichonse monga nthawi yoyamba. Choyamba, hoot yokopa, kukopa banja, kenako uta wamwambo, kudyetsa, kupsompsona ndi milomo.
Mbalame zimakonza zisa m'mayenje akale, zimagwira anthu osawadziwa, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi kabowo kakang'ono pansi pamalo obisika. Mazira amaikidwa pakadutsa masiku 2-4. Chiwerengero cha mazira amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndichosiyana: Kadzidzi wachimalawi wa dzungu ali ndi dzira limodzi lokha, ndipo kadzidzi wa polar amakhala ndi mazira mpaka 15. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 32-35, ndi akazi okhawo omwe amawongolera. Kadzidzi wamphongo amasamalira chakudya cha mnzake.
Zikopa zimaswa motsatira momwe zimayikira mazira. Anapiye a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amasonkhana muchisa. Ana amabadwa akhungu, akulemera 60 g iliyonse, matupi awo amakhala okutira pang'ono. Anapiye amawona tsiku lachinayi, patatha masiku 20 ataphimbidwa ndi nthenga zosakhwima.
Kadzidzi amakonza zisa m'mapanga ndi m'ming'alu ya mitengo
Choyamba, chachikazi sichimagawanika limodzi ndi anawo, kenako chimasiya chisa kukafunafuna chakudya cha ana osakhutira. Mbali yakukula kwa ana ndikuwonetsera kwa kainism, i.e. kupha ofooka ndi anapiye amphamvu. Kusankha kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa mbalame zamphamvu kukhala zokonzeka kuswana mzaka 2-3.
Kafukufuku kunja kwa chisa amayamba pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Zoyimbira zoyambirira zimasinthidwa ndikuuluka kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako mbalamezo zimapeza nyonga, zimayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha pafupifupi zaka 20 mchirengedwe, kuwirikiza kawiri muukapolo.
Kadzidzi pa chithunzi imadabwitsa anthu ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe olimba mtima a chilombo. Kukumana ndi mbalame kumadzutsa chidwi chachikulu kwa nzika zakale zadziko lapansi.
