Mikango yoyera yoyera idakhala moyo weniweni, ngati kuti ndi nthano. Mpaka posachedwa, amawerengedwa ngati zolengedwa zopeka. Lero, chozizwitsa chachilengedwe chitha kuchitika kumalo osungira nyama kapena m'malo osungira zachilengedwe. Ponseponse, pali anthu pafupifupi 300 omwe ali pansi pa chitetezo cha anthu. Nyama yosawerengeka yokhala ndi mtundu wapadera siyomwe imayenera kupulumuka m'chilengedwe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mkango Woyera sichigwira ntchito ku nyama za albino, magulu ena osiyana m'banja. Mtundu wodabwitsawo umadza chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwamtundu wina komwe kumayambitsa matenda omwe amatchedwa leukism. Chodabwitsachi chitha kutsutsana ndi melanism, chifukwa cha zomwe ma panther akuda amawonekera.
Kusapezeka kwathunthu kwama cell a pigment ndichinthu chosowa kwambiri. M'zinyama, mitundu yakuda imawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri, pomwe mawanga oyera, monga matalala obalalika, amaphimba nthenga za mbalame, tsitsi la nyama, ngakhale khungu la zokwawa. Kusowa kwa shaft shaft pigment ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mikango.
Chifukwa chomwe kusinthika kumaonekera mwa iwo okha - palibe yankho. Mwana wamkango woyera amabadwa kwa mkango wachikazi wonyezimira. Makolo onsewa ayenera kukhala heterozygous, akhale ndi majini kuchokera pakuphatikizika kwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri yofiirira. Chifukwa chakuwoloka, zitha kuwoneka mkango wakuda ndi woyera... Mukamakula, mawanga amdima amatha, malayawo amakhala opepuka mofananamo. Mbewuyo itha kulamulidwa ndi jini lofiirira, ndipo mwayi wopeza mkango woyera wachisanu ndi pafupifupi umodzi mwa anayi.
Mosiyana ndi maalubino okhala ndi utoto wofiira, maso, khungu, ndi zikhasu za mikango zimajambulidwa ndi mitundu yazikhalidwe. Utoto wachikaso-golide, wabuluu wamaso ndi woyenera kwambiri kwa ma blondes okongola. Mitengo yamitengo yamtengo wapatali imamvekera kuchokera kumchenga wonyezimira mpaka kuyera yoyera, kuphatikiza pachikhalidwe cha mdima wakuda ndi nsonga ya mchira.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe osinthika, tsitsi loyera la mkango ndi cholakwika chodziwikiratu. Kuchokera pamalingaliro okongoletsa, nyama zapadera ndizokongola modabwitsa. Akatswiri pakuswana kwa mikango yosungira malo osungira nyama amateteza mtundu wosowa. Kusamalira anthu kumatsimikizira kukula kwa nyama ndi chitetezo cha moyo.
Zinthu zachilengedwe ndizankhanza kwa mikango yoyera. Mtundu womwewo umalanda zolusa kuthekera kubisala, chifukwa chake kugwira nyama mwadzidzidzi kumakhala kosatheka. Mikango yoyera imasandukanso afisi. Ana oyera ngati chipale ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chomwalira. Mikango yapadera imathamangitsidwa kunyada kwa moyo wodziyimira pawokha, koma ilibe mwayi wambiri wosinthira chilengedwe. Ndizosatheka kuti nyama zosatetezeka zibisala m'nkhalango kuchokera kwa adani achilengedwe komanso anthu.
Mkango woyera uli ndi zipsinjo zazikulu monga zamoyo zonse zodya nyama.
Nthawi zina pamakhala malingaliro obwezera okhala kumalo osungira nyama kuthengo. Zokambirana munyuzipepala nthawi zambiri sizimawonetsa akatswiri. Simungasakanize kubwerera m'mbuyo (kubwezeretsanso kwamitundu yaying'ono yamkango) ndi kuswana kwa nyama zamtundu wapadera, zosakhoza kukhala palokha m'chilengedwe.
Chikhulupiriro cha mafuko aku Africa chimalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wosowa wa mikango. Malinga ndi nthano, zaka zambiri zapitazo, mtundu wa anthu udatembereredwa ndi mizimu yoyipa yomwe idatumiza matenda owopsa. Anthu ankapemphera kwa milungu yawo. Kumwamba kunatumiza Mkango Woyera kuyitanitsa chipulumutso. Chifukwa cha mthenga wa Mulungu, mtundu wa anthu unachiritsidwa. Nthano yokongola ikupitilizabe pachikhalidwe cha anthu aku Africa mpaka lero.
Anthu amakhulupirira kuti kuwona mkango woyera kumatanthauza kupeza mphamvu, kutetezera machimo, ndikukhala osangalala. Zimabweretsa anthu kutetezedwa kunkhondo, kusankhana mitundu, matenda. Chilango chokhwima chikuyembekezera iwo omwe ngakhale mosazindikira amazunza nyama zosowa.Mikango yoyera yaku Africa chikho chamtengo wapatali, amatetezedwa ndi boma, kuphatikiza mu Red Book. Kupulumutsidwa kwa anthu ochepa kumatheka pokhapokha mwa njira zoletsa, zoteteza.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Pali lingaliro loti zaka zikwi 20 zapitazo, mikango idakhala m'chipululu cha chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake mtundu woyera ngati chipale unali chobisalira nyama zosaka. Kutentha kwadziko chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwapangitsa kuti mikango yoyera isowa. Anthu wamba amapezeka pakati pa ma savanna, m'mapiri a mayiko otentha, omwe amawoneka ngati chozizwitsa.
Kupezeka kwa mikango yoyera kunatsimikizika mu 1975 pomwe adapeza ana a mikango yoyera ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Chochitika chosaiwalika chinachitika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, ku Kruger National Park ya Timbavati Reserve. Nyamazo zimatchedwa Panthera leo krugeri. Malo opezerawo adakwezedwa mpaka kufika popatulika, dzinalo limatanthauza "apa mikango yatsika kuchokera kumwamba."
Anawo adasamukira kumalo otetezeka, komwe adapulumutsidwa ku matenda, njala, imfa kwa ozembetsa. Kuyambira pamenepo, ana a mikango yoyera amakhala m'malo ophunzitsira nyama. Chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ndi nkhalango yayikulu ya Sanbon Nature Reserve ku South Africa, komwe kumakhala nyama zosawerengeka zoposa 100. Kwa okhalamo, zikhalidwe zachilengedwe zidapangidwa, pomwe anthu samakhudza kusankha kwachilengedwe, kubereketsa nyama. M'malo ena osungira nyama, kusamalira mikango yoyera kumathandizidwa mwanzeru.
Mkango woyera pachithunzichi nthawi zonse zimadabwitsa, koma m'moyo weniweni, kukumana naye kumadzaza anthu ndi chisangalalo. Kukula, chisomo, kukongola kwa chinyama ndichopatsa chidwi. Malo osungira nyama ku Japan, Philadelphia ndi mayiko ena amapanga njira zabwino zotetezera nyama zosowa. Pali mikango yoyera 20 m'malo osungira ku Germany. Kudera la Russia, mutha kuwona mikango yoyera kumalo osungira nyama zazikulu ku Krasnoyarsk "Roev Ruchey", mu "Safari Park" ya Krasnodar.
Chiwerengero cha nyama padziko lapansi sichiposa anthu 300. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri, koma chitetezo ndi chitukuko cha anthu zikuchitika kuti mkango woyera usasanduke cholengedwa chongopeka. Asayansi akukumana ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa nyama mwachilengedwe, chifukwa kuwoloka kofanana ndi kowopsa pamoyo wamibadwo yamtsogolo.
Mkango woyera - nyama wolemekezeka, wolemekezeka. Mikango yayikulu imapanga gulu la mabanja - kunyada, kokhala wamwamuna, akazi ake ndi ana ake. Mikango yaying'ono yomwe ikukula imathamangitsidwa kuti ipange zawo kapena kukopa kunyada kwa wina. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ali ndi zaka 2-2.5, pomwe achinyamata amakhala ampikisano.
Mkango woyera ukupuma utatha kudya
Akazi ali ndi udindo wolera ana. Zosangalatsa. Kuti amayi samayang'ana ana awo okha, komanso ana ena a mkango. Amuna ali otanganidwa kuyang'anira nkhosa, gawo lodzikuza. Nyama zodya bwino komanso zosakhazikika zimakonda kudya pansi pamisasa yazitsamba, mumthunzi wa tchire. Nthawi yopuma yopanda tulo komanso kugona imatha mpaka maola 20.
Zakudya zabwino
Mikango ndi nyama zolusa, zotengera nyama yokha. Kutchire, nyama zimasaka pamodzi usiku, nthawi zina masana. Udindowu wapatsidwa momveka bwino. Yaimuna imawopseza nyamayo ndi kubangula koopsa, zazikazi zothamanga komanso zoyenda mwachangu zimaukira omwe achitiridwa nkhanzazo. Chodabwitsacho ndichofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mikango imatha kuthamanga kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepa.
Mikango yoyera imavuta kwambiri kusaka chifukwa chakusowa kwamitundu yabodza. Pali kusaka kwayekha kwa anyamata achichepere omwe akuyenda popanda kunyada. Kuchita bwino kwakudyetsa kotereku ndi 17% yokha, mosiyana ndi 30% ya kusaka pamodzi. Chofunikira cha mkango uliwonse ndi 7-8 kg ya nyama. Ku Africa, nyama zolusa ndi njati, mbawala za Thomson, ankhandwe, mbidzi, nyumbu.
Mkango woyera wanjala unapita kukasaka
Mikango yopatsa mwayi komanso yamphamvu imatha kulimbana ndi mphalapala wamkulu, mvuu, njovu. Nyama sizikana zakufa, ziweto, zimatenga nyama zina zomwe zimatsika ndi mikango kukula kwake.
Mikango, yosalephera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuti igwire nyama yayikulu, imadya makoswe, mbalame, zokwawa, imatenga mazira a nthiwatiwa, imadya afisi ndi miimba. Mkango umatha kudya makilogalamu 18 mpaka 30 a nyama nthawi imodzi. Masiku apitawa atha kukhala osadya mpaka masiku 3-14. Zakudya zam'malo osungira nyama sizosiyanasiyana monga nyama zamtchire. Mikango imadyetsedwa makamaka ndi ng'ombe.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mikango ndi nyama zamitala zomwe zimatha kuswana chaka chonse, koma zimachulukanso nthawi yamvula. Wamwamuna wamkulu wonyada nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kusankha kwazimayi. Palibe nkhondo iliyonse yaikazi pakati pa mikango. Mikango imakula msinkhu wazaka 4 mwa akazi, zaka zisanu mwa amuna.
Pafupipafupi kubadwa kwa ana mu mkango waukazi ndi kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mimba imakhala mpaka miyezi 3.5. Asanabadwe, mkazi amasiya kunyada, patapita kanthawi amabwerera ndi ana.
Mkango woyera wokhala ndi mikango yaikazi
1-5 Amabereka ana oyera ngati chipale chofewa, chilichonse cholemera makilogalamu 1-2. Ana a mikango obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu mpaka masiku 11 pamene maso awo atseguka. Ana amayamba kuyenda m'masabata awiri, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi amakhala atathamanga kale. Mayi amayang'anitsitsa ana mpaka milungu isanu ndi itatu. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatha miyezi 7-10. Mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana a mikango aamuna akadali odalira kwambiri achikulire omwe amanyadira.
Pakukula, mtundu wa ana a mkango umasintha pang'ono - utoto wonyezimira umapeza mthunzi wa njovu. Achikazi aamuna achichepere amakhalabe onyada atakula, mikango imadzilamulira payokha, nthawi zambiri imamwalira.
Moyo wa mikango yoyera umadalira pazinthu zambiri zomwe sizili bwino kwa iwo. Amatha kukhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 13-16, koma amafa asanakalambe ngati nyama zosatetezeka chifukwa cha utoto wonyezimira. M'malo osungira nyama, mosamalira ndi kuteteza nyama zolusa, zaka za moyo zimawonjezeka mpaka zaka 20.
Mkango woyera wachikazi ndi ana ake
Zenizeni za moyo ndizoti zimatengera kokha munthu ngati mkango woyera mu Red Book kapena anthu achuluka, mopitilira muyeso wovuta. Chilengedwe chimakhala chopatsa mosiyanasiyana komanso kukongola. Mikango yoyera imatsimikizira izi mwa kukhalapo kwawo osati nthano zokha, komanso m'moyo.
