Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Gulu la arachnids ndi losiyanasiyana ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yazamoyo. Asayansi amawawerengera penapake pamayendedwe a zana limodzi. Akangaude ndi amodzi mwa magulu am'gulu lino, ndipo ngakhale ndi ochepa kukula, sizomveka kuti amawawona ngati zolengedwa zopanda vuto. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa oimira infraorder migalomorphic.
Nthawi zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri mwa abale awo, komanso zimasiyana pamapangidwe amlomo wamlomo (liwu lokha limamasuliridwa motere: ndevu-ndevu, zomwe zimanenapo kanthu pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe kake). Mu akangaude amenewa, amalumikizidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa poizoni, timadontho tomwe timatseguka mwa iwo.
Banja la kangaude la tarantula ndi gawo la infraorder iyi. Mamembala ake ndi akulu kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kuti kutalika kwa miyendo, kukula kwake kumafikira masentimita 27 ndipo ngakhale kuposa izi.
Zonse Mitundu ya tarantulas ali ndi poyizoni, koma ndi poizoni wosiyana. Zina zimakhala zopanda vuto, koma zambiri ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndizowopsa. Monga lamulo, kuluma kwawo sikungakhale kwakupha munthu wamkulu wathanzi, koma kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri ndipo kumatha kukomoka, kutentha thupi komanso ngakhale kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo.
Podzitchinjiriza, tarantula imatha kutaya tsitsi kuchokera m'manja mwake, zomwe zimabweretsa zomwe zimayambitsa matupi a anthu
Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zakupha za poyizoni wazinthu zomwe zafotokozedwazo zitha kukhala za ana ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Mwamwayi, ku Europe zamoyo zotere sizipezeka, kupatula kuti mitundu ina imakhala ku Portugal, Spain, Italy ndi madera oyandikana ndi mayiko awa. Komabe, kumayiko ena onse, akalulu awa amakhala ochulukirapo pano.
Kupatula apo, amakhala pafupifupi kumwera kwa America ndi Africa, ali ponseponse ku Australia komanso pazilumba zoyandikana ndi kontinentiyi.
Pachithunzichi pali tarantula Dziwani kuti mawonekedwe achilengedwewa ndi achilendo komanso osowa. Miyendo yayitali ya akangaude amenewa imachita chidwi kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zimangowoneka, zamoyozi zili ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi. Ali ndi tsitsi lowala, lowirira komanso lofunika.
Koma mukayang'anitsitsa, ndi miyendo inayi yokha yamiyendo yomwe imakhala miyendo, ndipo njira zina zinayi, zazifupi komanso zoyang'ana kutsogolo, ndi chelicerae komanso otchedwa pedipalps.
Mitundu ya akangaude otere ndiwokopa komanso odabwitsa ndi mitundu yachilendo, koma mitundu yambiri imakhala yamadzi ambiri pambuyo pake molting tarantula... Izi ndizosangalatsa komanso mawonekedwe azinthu zamoyozi. Thupi lawo limamangidwa ndi cephalothorax wawo - gawo lakumaso ndi mimba, yolumikizidwa ndi jumper yokha. Iwo ali ndi chitinous exoskeleton - chipolopolo chapadera.
Ndi chimango chomwe chimasunga chinyezi nthawi yotentha ndipo, monga zida zankhondo, chimateteza kuti zisawonongeke. Pakasungunuka, imatayidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi ina. Koma ndi nthawi ngati izi pomwe kukula kwa nyama kumachitika, nthawi zina kumawonjezera magawo ake pafupifupi kanayi.
Pakati pa molting, tarantulas imatha kukula kwambiri
Zilombozi zimadzitamandira ndi magulu anayi a maso, omwe ali kutsogolo. Ziphuphu zimakhala ziwalo zogwira. Chelicerae amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posaka komanso kudzitchinjiriza, komanso pokoka nyama ndi kukumba maenje.
Ndipo tsitsi lakumiyendo liyenera kulingaliridwa kuposa zokongoletsera zokha. Awa ndi ziwalo zolinganizidwa bwino, ndikumverera kwawo kokometsetsa ndikumveka.
Mitundu
Banja ili limakhala ndi oimira ambiri, kuphatikiza mabanja khumi ndi atatu, ogawidwa mumitundu yambiri (malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, pali pafupifupi 143). Makhalidwe a omwe amawaimira ndiwodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ndiyofunika kufotokozedwa mwapadera.
1. Tarantula goliath - cholengedwa chotchuka ndi kukula kwake, komwe, kuphatikiza kutalika kwa miyendo yake, ndi pafupifupi masentimita 28. M'mbuyomu, mtundu womwewo wa nyama zapadziko lapansi udatengedwa kuti ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri.
Koma koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XXI kunadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa Heteropoda maxima - wachibale momwe amakhala kumadera otentha ndikupitilira goliath ndi masentimita angapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwake sikuchepera.
Mtundu wa kangaude wotere ndi wabulauni, nthawi zina umakhala ndi mitundu ofiira kapena owala. Zamoyo zoterezi zimakhala m'madambo aku South America. Kulemera kwa amuna amtunduwu kumatha kukhala 170 g.
Goliati amadziwika kuti ndiye kangaude wamkulu kwambiri wa tarantula
2. Kangaude-tarantula wakuda ndi woyera waku Brazil... Oimira mitundu iyi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa akale. Kukula kwawo nthawi zambiri sikupitilira masentimita 23. Amadziwika chifukwa chakukula kwawo kowoneka bwino, kowoneka bwino, ngakhale kwakuda ndi koyera.
Kangaude ali ndi chikhalidwe chosayembekezereka komanso chankhanza. Nthawi zambiri nyama zotere zimabisala pakati pamiyala komanso pansi pa mizu yamitengo, koma nthawi zina zimakwawira kuthengo.
3. Zitsulo tarantula (arboreal) ndi mitundu ina yodziwika yomwe imapezeka kumwera kwa India kokha. Koma pakadali pano, kangaudeyu amasiyana ndi abale ake kukula kwake, osakula masentimita 21, koma mowala komanso mokomera, kukongola kokongola.
Thupi lake ndi miyendo ndi ya buluu yokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Zamoyo zoterezi, zogwirizana m'magulu, zimakhala pakati pa mitengo yakale yovunda.
4. Brachypelma Smith Ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka kumwera kwa United States ndi Mexico. Kukula kwa akangaude otere nthawi zambiri sikudutsa masentimita 17. Mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda ndikuwonjezera madera ofiira ndi lalanje, nthawi zina amakongoletsedwa ndi malire achikaso kapena oyera; ubweya wambiri pathupi ndi pinki wowala.
Mtundu uwu siwowopsa ndipo suwoneka ngati wankhanza.
Mu kangaude wazithunzi Brahipelm Smith
Zokhudza kukula kwa tarantula, izi zanenedwa kale. Koma magawowa adaperekedwa kale poganizira za kutalika kwa mwendo. Komabe, thupi la akangaude akulu kwambiri limakhala ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndipo mumitundu ing'onoing'ono imatha kukhala yochepera masentimita 3. Iyeneranso kutchulidwa pazinthu zapadera za tarantula ndi msinkhu ndikusintha mtundu wawo akamakula.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akangaude amenewa imazika mizu m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakati pa oimira zinyamawa, omwe amakhala m'malo ouma komanso chipululu amadziwika. Pali mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imakonda nkhalango za ku equator ndi chinyezi chake chotentha.
Zilonda zam'mimba amakhala masiku awo pazitsamba ndi mitengo, atavala zisoti zachifumu pakati pa nthambi. Amaluka mawebusayiti ndikuwayika m'machubu. Ena amakonda malo olimba ndipo ndipamene amapezeka kuti amapezeka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya akangaude omwe amadziboolera okha, kupita pansi mobisa. Amatseka makomo olowera ndi ndodo zoluka.
Tarantulas amatha kukhala m'mabowola (kubowola) komanso mumitengo
Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala nyama izi zimadalira gawo lakukula kwa munthuyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphutsi, imakhala masiku ali mumtambo, ndipo ikakula, imayamba kutuluka pansi (izi zimachitika munthawi yayitali komanso pamtunda). Ndiye kuti, machitidwe amtundu wa akangaudewa amatha kusintha akamakula ndikukula.
Pazigawo zakukula kwa zamoyozi. Akangaude obadwa kumene obadwa kumene kuchokera m'mazira amatchedwa nymphs. Munthawi yachitukuko, nthawi zambiri sawona kufunika kwakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma nymphs, omwe ali ndi ma molts angapo, pomwe thupi limakula msanga, amasanduka mphutsi (ndimomwe amatchedwa akangaude mpaka atakula).
Tsitsi lomwe limaphimba thupi la zolengedwa izi limadzaza ndi poizoni. Kwa eni awo eni, ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa Amayi Achilengedwe. Ma tarantulas amtundu wotere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zisa mwa kuziluka mu mphonje.
Komanso, poyembekezera zoopsa, amadziponyera tsitsi lakupha, potero amateteza. Ngati amalowa m'thupi atapuma, ngakhale munthu amatha kukhala ndi zowawa: kufooka, kutsamwa, kuwotcha - zonsezi ndi zizindikiro zosagwirizana.
Akangaude a Tarantula samayenda kwenikweni. Ndipo ngati aphwanya lamuloli, ndiye pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chomveka. Mwachitsanzo, akazi a tarantulas, ngati ali okwanira, amatha kukhala m'malo awo kwa miyezi ingapo. Koma ngakhale anthu anjala samayima komanso odekha. Ali m'malo awo obisalira ndikusaka nyama.
Zakudya zabwino
Ndizokhudzana ndi zakudya zomwe kangaudeyu adalandira dzina: tarantula... Ndipo nkhaniyi idachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ku Venezuela, pomwe gulu la asayansi lidapeza kangaude wamkulu m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, akudya mbalame za hummingbird ndi njala.
Kenako ngakhale m'modzi mwaomwe anali paulendowu - Maria Merian adapanga zojambula zokongola za tarantula potengera zomwe adawona. Ndipo posakhalitsa adalowa m'manyuzipepala, ndikupanga ulemu kwa akangaude onse a banja lino, omwe adakhala chifukwa cha dzinali.
Zowona, zamoyo za akangaude otere nthawi zambiri zimalephera kugaya nyama ya nkhuku. Ndiye kuti, zotere zimachitika, koma kawirikawiri. Kwenikweni, nyama izi zimadya tizilombo, ma arachnid ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zimathanso kusokoneza abale awo.
Tarantula ndi nyama zolusa ndipo amatha kudya abale awo
Komatu iwowa ngodya zolusa. Amabisalira anzawo. Ndipo kuti muwagwire, misampha yokonzedweratu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zakudya za akangaudewa zikuphatikizapo: mbalame, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule, nthawi zina nsomba, komanso nyama zing'onozing'ono - magazi, mphemvu, ntchentche.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kangaude wa Tarantula amuna amakula msanga kuposa akazi onse, koma pambuyo pake amakhala osaposa chaka chimodzi, ndipo ngati ali ndi nthawi yokwatirana, ndiye kuti ndi ocheperako. Kukhala kwake wokonzeka kukhala ndi mwana kumatha kuyerekezedwa ndi zizindikilo zakunja. Choyamba, mababu amapangidwa pamapazi ake - zotengera zachilengedwe za umuna.
Komanso mwa amuna ndowe zapadera, zotchedwa zingwe za tibial, zimawoneka, amatenga gawo lina pakuswana. Zipangizozi ndizofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi mnzake, komanso kumuteteza, popeza akangaude amatha kukhala anthu ankhanza kwambiri.
Mothandizidwa ndimitengo yolumikizana ndi ubweya pathupi, tarantula imazindikira chilichonse chozungulira
Pokonzekera msonkhano ndi "dona", amuna amaluka ukonde wapadera, ndikupatsako dontho lamadzi labanja pamenepo, kenako litenge ndi zingwe ndikuyamba kufunafuna wokwatirana naye.
Koma ngakhale kangaude akapezedwa ndikuyankha kuitana, kuwonetsa chilolezo cha mtundu wonse, kugonana sikumachitika popanda kuchita miyambo yovomerezeka. Popanda iwo, akangaude sangathe kudziwa ngati ali a mtundu womwewo. Izi zitha kukhala kugwedeza thupi kapena kugwedeza ndi ma paws. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi mayendedwe ake osakanikirana.
Kugonana komweko kumatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, koma nthawi zina kumatenga maola. Ndipo ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo kusamutsa umuna wake ndi zipsinjo zamwamuna kulowa mthupi la mnzake.
Masewera ngati awa siabwino konse kwa akangaude. Ena mwa iwo amatha kuvutika ngakhale asanakwatirane ngati awiriwo sagwirizana (izi zimachitika kawirikawiri mumitundu yankhanza). Pambuyo pa mchitidwe womwewo, wamwamuna nthawi zambiri amathawa, chifukwa, ngati sanawonetse kukwiya, atha kudyedwa ndi mkazi wanjala.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopangira mazira mthupi la kangaude imachitika. Ndipo nthawiyo ikafika, amapanga chisa cha nthititoyi, momwe amaikira mazira omwewo. Chiwerengero chawo ndi chosiyana, m'mitundu ina amawerengedwa makumi, ndipo mwa ena chimafika masauzande angapo.
Mukamaliza kuchita zinthu pamwambapa, kangaudeyu amapanga koko kozungulira ndipo amaufungatira. Nthawi imeneyi imatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana (imatha kukhala masiku makumi awiri kapena kupitirira zana). Kuphatikiza apo, chachikazi chimatha kuteteza ana ake mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu, ndipo amatha kudya banja lonseli ngati ali ndi njala.
Umu ndi momwe kangaude amakhalira. Kuchokera ku zikopa zomwe zatchulidwazo, nthenda zoyambirira zimatuluka, zomwe zimasungunuka ndikukula, ndikusintha kukhala mphutsi, kenako ndikalulu wamkulu.
Amayi amayesedwa mwachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa awo okwera pamahatchi. Akangaude amawerengedwa kuti ndi akatswiri pakati pa nyamakazi malinga ndi kutalika kwa moyo. Mbiriyi ndi zaka 30. Koma, kunena motsimikiza, kutalika kwa nthawi ya moyo kumatengera mtundu, ndipo nthawi zina kumayesedwa zaka khumi, koma m'mitundu ina kumakhala zaka zochepa.
Tarantula kunyumba: chisamaliro ndi kukonza
Kusamalira Tarantula okonda nyama zakutchire akukhala chizoloŵezi chofala kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ziweto zotere ndizosavuta kusamalira, zopanda ulemu, kupatula apo, zimapatsidwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osowa.
Kubereketsa akangaude kumathandizanso chifukwa ndimomwe zinthu ziliri mnyumba momwe zimakhala zosavuta kutsatira zizolowezi zamoyozi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi kuthengo.
Chifukwa pet tarula Ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa masitepe otsekemera, otsekedwa, omwe ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi aliyense, chifukwa ziweto zotere zimatha kudyetsana. Pansi pa chidebecho muli ndi khungwa la kokonati.
Muyeneranso kupatsa kangaude malo okhala ndi maluwa. Mitengo yolemera imafuna zidutswa za khungwa kapena matabwa oyenda. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo ngati chakudya: njoka zam'mimba, njoka, mphemvu, ntchentche.
Zimakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kutola mitundu yambiri ya ziweto zotere, chifukwa chowopsa. Ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha kuwopseza thanzi, ndibwino kuti musunge mitundu ndi bata.
Mwachitsanzo, pantchito imeneyi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa anthu aku Chile tarantula wofiira... Ali ndi mtundu wosangalatsa, wosachita zankhanza komanso wosakhala wowopsa.
Kangaude wofiira wa Chile
Kangaude wotereyu ndizotheka kunyamula. Akaona kuti wawopsezedwa, samaluma kapena kuwukira, koma amayesetsa kuti abisele. Kwa okonda kumene zachilendo, zolengedwa ngati zoyambira zangaude zoyambirira m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
