Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, ma grouse amitengo adakumana ku Izmailovsky Park ku Moscow. Uwu ndi umboni wakuchuluka kwa mitunduyo.
M'zaka za zana la 21 matabwa grouse olembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Kuti muwone oimira akuluakulu a gulu la nkhuku, a Muscovites amakakamizidwa kuti asamuke pafupifupi makilomita 100 kuchokera likulu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a matabwa grouse
Kufotokozera za grouse yamatabwa Amasiyana amuna ndi akazi. Omaliza ndi okongola. Nthenga zikuphatikiza malankhulidwe ofiira ofiira. Maliko pafupifupi azungu. Pamimba, mikwingwirima imapanga ngati mikwingwirima. Osachepera zikuwoneka choncho poyang'ana wamkazi nkhuni grouse kuchokera kutali.
Akazi amtunduwu ndi ocheperako kawiri kuposa amuna. Zaposachedwa:
- Akupeza 6 kg. Iyi ndi mbiri pakati pa mbalame zamtchire ku Russia.
- Ali ndi mchira wozungulira wolunjika m'mwamba.
- Nthenga zokhala ngati ndevu zimavekedwa pakhosi.
- Amadziwika ndi nsidze zofiira. Awa ndiwo malo opanda khungu pamwamba pa maso a mbalameyo.
- Amadziwika ndi nthenga zakuda. Lili ndi mitundu yakuda, imvi, bulauni, emarodi. Pali mabotolo oyera ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, capercaillie pachithunzicho imawoneka yokongola, yokongola.
Akazi achikulire ndi oimira pafupifupi banja la pheasant. Akazi amamvetsera mwachidwi. Amuna, komano, nthawi zina amakhala ogontha, makamaka, pakadali pano. Pali khola pakhungu lamkati lamkati la mbalameyi.
Amadzaza ndi zotengera. Matabwa akayimba, magazi amathamangira. Chikopa cha khungu chimafufuma pakhutu ngati swab ya thonje. Chifukwa chake, grouse yamatabwa idatchedwa choncho.
Mbalame yosamva kwakanthawi imatha kugwira mosavuta. Mpaka mitunduyo itaphatikizidwa mu Red Book, osaka amagwiritsa ntchito izi.
Mitundu ya Wood grouse
Mu nthawi za Soviet, mitundu 12 ya grouse yamatabwa idadziwika. Pambuyo pake, mbalamezo zidagawika m'magulu awiri okha. Yoyamba ndi grouse wamba wamba. Mlomo wake ndi wolumikizidwa. Mbalame ina ndiyo yosungira zolemera. Wood grouse kulemera imafika 6.5 kilogalamu. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
1. Zitsulo zakuda. Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti mimba ya mbalameyo ndi yamdima. Anthu oterewa nthawi ina amakhala ku Izmailovsky Park likulu la dzikolo. Mbalame yakuda yotchedwa capercaillie imatchedwanso Western Europe. Kupitilira Urals
2. Zitsulo zoyera matabwa grouse. Mbalame amakhala ku Urals ndi Western Siberia. Nthenga osati mimba yokha yoyera, komanso mbali zonse, mchira m'malire, ndi m'munsi mwa mapiko. Pali mtundu wa mabulo pa nthenga za mchira wa grouse. Uwu ndi mtundu wamphongo. Akazi a subspecies amadziwika ndi malo ofiira pabere
3. Taiga yamdima matabwa grouse. Mbalame yakutchire amakhala kumapeto kwenikweni kwa Russia. Nthenga zakuda za capercaillie zimapanga chitsulo chabuluu. Mtundu woyera umangokhala ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono m'mbali, mapiko ndi mchira wa nthenga.
Mitundu yachiwiri ya grouse yamatabwa imadziwika ngati mwala. Ilibe magawo ang'onoang'ono. Mbalame yaku Eastern, imakhala kuchokera ku Baikal kupita ku Sakhalin. Mbalame pano ndizochepa kuposa wamba, zolemera 4 kilogalamu. Uwu ndi unyinji wamwamuna. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa akazi a mitunduyo ndi 2.2 kilogalamu.
Mwala wotchedwa capercaillie uli ndi mlomo wowongoka, wosakhazikika, ndi mchira wautali kuposa wa kapamba wamba. Akazi a mitunduyo ndi ofiira achikasu ndi mizere yakuda.
Moyo wa mbalame
Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame kumapangitsa kuti kuuluka kwake kukhale kovuta. Chifukwa chake yankho la funso, capercaillie mbalame zosamukasamuka kapena ayi... Komabe, mbalame nthawi zina zimayendayenda m’madera akutali, kufunafuna chakudya.
Mitengo yamitengo imakonda kukwera kuchokera pansi osati mlengalenga, koma mumitengo. Mbalame zimadyera kumeneko. Capercaillie nthawi zina amatsikira pansi masana, komanso kufunafuna chakudya.
M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo ya mbalame imakhalanso kama. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimagona usiku zitaba. Mbalame zimawulukira mwa iwo kapena kugwa kuchokera ku nthambi.
M'nyengo yozizira, grouse yamatabwa imadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito chipale chofewa ngati pogona ku chisanu
Kugona usiku muli chipale chofewa ndikowopsa. Kusungunuka pang'ono kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi chisanu. Nthawi yomweyo, chipale chofewa chimamatirana ndikugundana. Malo othawirako ali ngati chinsinsi. Mbalame sizingatuluke pomwalira.
Poganizira zoopsa za nthawi yozizira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa chakudya, kusintha kwa malo, ma grouse amitengo amakhala mu chisanu m'magulu. Mbalamezi zimathandizana, kutsogolera, titero, banja limodzi.
Chimodzi mwamawu osonyeza chikhalidwe cha ma grouse amitengo ndi momwe amakhudzidwira ndi imfa ya abale. Mbalame sizikhala mumtengo womwe munthu wina anafera. Mitengo imadziwika kuti imapatsidwa ma grouse ena.
Katemera wachikazi wamkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa wamwamuna ndipo ali ndi nthenga zosiyana.
Imfa si cholepheretsa ufulu wa katundu. Asayansi sanapeze mafotokozedwe omveka a izi.
Phokoso la Capercaillie zimamveka kokha mchaka. Amuna akuyimba. Nthawi yotsala amakhala chete. Akazi, komabe, "amatseka pakamwa" chaka chonse.
Kuyimba kwama grouse kudagawika magawo atatu:
- kudina kawiri ndikudutsa pang'ono pakati pawo
- kulimba kolimba trill
- kukukuta mano, komwe kumatchedwanso kutembenuza kapena kupukuta
Kutalika konse kwa magawo atatu anyimbo ya capercaillie pafupifupi masekondi 10. Omaliza anayi a iwo mbalame zodyeramo.
Mverani kwa grouse wamatabwa wapano
Popeza zapadera pamakhalidwe a ngwaziyo m'nkhaniyi, ayeneranso kuti adzitsamwitsa. Pouluka, mbalameyi imagunditsa mapiko ake kambiri kuposa momwe amapumira. Chinyama china chikanatsamwa chifukwa chosowa mpweya wabwino. Koma grouse yamatabwa imapulumutsidwa ndi makina amphamvu opumira. Mapapu amabwera ndi matumba a mpweya asanu.
Malo okhala Capercaillie
Chifukwa mbalame yayikulu ya capercaillie, chodziwikiratu, chimakonda kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri m'nkhalango. M'malo otseguka, mbalameyi imakopa maso. Kuphatikiza apo, grouse yamatopeyo imakhala yowopsa komanso yolondola.
Ichi ndi chifukwa china chosankhira malo obisika. Kuwonongedwa kwawo komwe kumakhudzana ndikudula mitengo ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa mitunduyi.
Kuchokera m'nkhalango, ma grouse amitengo amakonda zosakanikirana. Mwa iwo, mbalame zimapeza masamba:
- Ndi choyimira chakale.
- Kukula kwachichepere.
- Mitengo yolimba yaudzu wamtali.
- "Minda" ya zipatso.
- Dera laling'ono la mchenga wowonekera.
Wood grouses amasambira mumchenga, akusenda nthenga. Zipatso zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya za nyama. Mbalame zimasankhanso malo omwe pali nkhalango zazing'ono komanso nyerere zakale m'deralo.
Kudya mbalame
Zakudya za nyama zimadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, capercaillie amachita ndi singano. Kumbuyo kwake, mbalameyi imasiya malo obisalapo kawiri patsiku. Masingano okondedwa a mkungudza, paini.
Chifukwa chosowa, ma grouse amtengo amakhala okhutira ndi singano za mlombwa, fir, spruce, larch. Mwamuna amafunika chakudya cholemera patsiku, ndipo mkazi amafunikira pafupifupi magalamu 230.
M'nyengo yotentha, chakudya cha mbalame chimapindulitsa:
- mphukira ndi mabulosi abulu
- mabulosi abulu, mabulosi akuda, lingonberries ndi zipatso zina zakutchire
- mbewu
- maluwa, zitsamba ndi masamba
- masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zamitengo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo timaphatikizidwanso pazakudya zamasamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma grouse amitengo amakhala pafupi ndi nyerere zakale.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyo imatha kudya singano.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito ma grouse kuyambira March mpaka Epulo madzulo. Amuna amawombera mapiko awo mwadala. Phokoso lawo limakopa akazi. Komanso, amuna amayimba limodzi.
Monga mitengo, ma grouse amitengo amagawananso gawo pakadali pano. Mbalame zimayandikira mpaka mita 100. Kawirikawiri mtunda pakati pa amuna amakono ndi pafupifupi theka la kilomita.
Ngati amunawo aphwanya malire a magawo omwe alipo, amamenya nkhondo. Mbalame zimalumikizana ndi milomo ndi mapiko. Ngati mphepo ikuyenda bwino, amuna amangoyimba nthawi zina, kusokoneza kuyimba. Zokongoletsera matabwa zimaphatikizaponso mapiko awo. Zonsezi zimakopa akazi.
Capercaillie amasankha nkhalango za paini kuti azikwirako
Akazi amafika pakadali pano patatha milungu ingapo kuchokera pomwe adayamba. Akazi amayamba kukonzekera chisa. Wood grouse akazi amakopeka ndi kubisalira. Wamphongo nthawi zambiri amadutsa wosankhidwa kupita wosankhidwa.
Capercaillies ndi mitala. M'mawa, mbalamezi zimakwatirana ndi akazi 2-3. Ataimba usiku wonse, amuna amawona kuti ndi mphotho yogwirizana ndi kuyesetsa kwawo.
Pakadali pano pakutha ndi mawonekedwe a masamba oyamba. Chisa cha Capercaillie chimamangidwa ndi udzu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbalame zimakhazikika pamalo pomwe pali ziyangoyango.
Akazi amaikira mazira 4-14. Amaswa kwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Kutuluka nkhuku grouse anapiye:
- Amadziyimira pawokha kuyambira masiku oyamba, amadya tizilombo. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimapatsa ana kukula msanga.
- Ali ndi masiku asanu ndi atatu, amayamba kuuluka kupita kuzitsamba ndi mitengo yochepa. Kutalika koyamba kunyamuka ndi mita imodzi.
- Amatha luso la kuyendetsa ndege ndikusintha zakudya zawo ali ndi mwezi umodzi.
Mnyamata wachinyamata wamatabwa ndiwosangalatsa. Ngati akazi atakhala ndi pakati asanakwanitse zaka zitatu, nthawi zambiri amataya kapena kusiya.
Atakwanitsa milungu iwiri, anapiye amatha kuuluka mtunda waufupi
Amuna amayamba kuswana ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Kuphatikizana kwapakati ndi grouse yakuda ndikotheka. Omalizawa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi ma grouse a matabwa. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 12.
