Nguluwe yamtchire Ndi nyama yamphamvu komanso yayikulu kwambiri yodziwika pafupifupi pafupifupi munthu aliyense. Zinyama zidawonekera kalekale ndipo ndi makolo a nkhumba zamakono zoweta.
Nguluwe zakutchire ndizolemera kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka ngati zowopsa kwa anthu. Munkhaniyi tiona nyama zosangalatsazi ndikulankhula za mawonekedwe a moyo wawo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kufotokozera za nguluwe Ndikofunika kuyamba ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka masentimita 175. Kulemera kwa nyama wamba pafupifupi 100 kg, ngakhale ma 150 ndi 200 kilogalamu sakhala achilendo pakati pa nkhumba zakutchire.
Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa nyama yoyamwitsa yotere ndiyokulirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa nyama kumatha kufikira mita imodzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopitilira theka la kutalika kwa munthu.
Maonekedwe a nyama zamtchire izi siopambana. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lowuma komanso lolimba la mdima wakuda: imvi, bulauni kapena wakuda. Chovala cha makolo a nkhumba sichosangalatsa kukhudza ndipo chimatikumbutsa maburashi olimba am'nyumba.
Poyerekeza nkhumba zakutchire ndi nkhumba zoweta, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi. Nguluwe zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'nkhalango, motero zimazolowera kukhala malo oterewa.
Ubweya wawo umawateteza molondola kuzizira, miyendo yolimba komanso yayitali imakulolani kuti muziyenda mwachangu, ndikupita maulendo ataliatali, makutu amakhala akulu ndikulunjika kumtunda kuti chinyama chizimva fungo loopsa nthawi zonse.
Nkhumba ya nkhumba siimva bwino, yomwe imalola kuti nyamayo imasuke pansi ndikusiya osavulala
Mphuno yomwe ili pamphunoyi siyabwino kwenikweni, ndiye kuti ndizovuta kuzivulaza posaka chakudya m'nkhalango. Mitundu yake ndi iti nguluwe?
Mitundu ya nguluwe zakutchire
Mtundu wa nkhumba zakutchire sizimagwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu 20 yokha ya nyama zoyamwitsa zomwe zidasinthidwa. Mitundu yonseyi imagawidwa kumadzulo, Kum'mawa, India ndi Indonesia. Tiyeni tikambirane za ena mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Ku Central Europe
Oimira mitundu iyi akupezeka m'maiko osiyanasiyana aku Europe, komanso mdera la Europe ku Russia. Nguluwe zotere nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungirako nkhalango.
Mitundu ya Central Europe siyimasiyana pamitundu yambiri. Nyama izi zimadziwika ndi thupi laling'ono - pafupifupi masentimita 130-140. Kukula kwake kumafikira pamiyeso yayikulu - pafupifupi 100 kg.
Nguluwezi sizimawoneka ngati zowopsa kwa anthu. Ponena za iwo omwe amawasamalira, amakhala modekha komanso mwaulemu, amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, nyama zoterezi zimayenera kukhalabe zokhazokha pagulu, chifukwa nkhanza zachilengedwe zimatha kudziwonetsera nthawi iliyonse.
Ku Central Asia
Mitundu yambiri Nguluwe zazikulu zakutchire adapeza dzina lawo makamaka chifukwa chogawa nyama. Chifukwa chake, oimira subspecies aku Central Asia amakhala ku Central Asia, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia.
Nyama za ku Central Asia ndizazikulu kuposa za ku Central Europe. Kutalika kwawo kumakhala masentimita 150-160, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumatha kufikira 120-130 kg.
Ubweya wa nkhumba za ku Central Asia umatha kukhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso yakuda. Chofala kwambiri ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Ubweya wa nyamazi si wandiweyani kwambiri, womwe umafotokozedwa ndikukhala kwawo kosatha kumadera otentha. Nyamazo zatha kuzolowera malo oterewa, ndipo zimakhala zomasuka.
Mmwenye
Oimira amtunduwu akuphatikizidwa mgulu lazambiri zaku India. Nyama ndizofala ku India, Nepal, Sri Lanka ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo.
Chodziwika bwino cha nkhumba zaku India ndikuti samawopa anthu. Amayenda modekha, mopanda mantha, amapita kudera lamapiri kukatenga zakudya zawo zomwe amakonda. Anthu amderali nawonso samawopa nyama izi ndipo samachita nkhanza.
Chovala cha mitundu ya India chimakhala ndi utoto wowala. Izi ndichifukwa cha nyengo yotentha komanso mawonekedwe achilengedwe amderali.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa nkhumba zakutchire izi, simuyenera kuwaopseza kapena ana awo. Zinyama izi, zosamalira ana awo, nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi chibadwa ndipo zimatha kuvulaza munthu wolakwayo.
Ussuriysk
Mitundu ya mitunduyi ndi dera lalikulu. Nguruwe za Ussuri zimakhala ku China, komanso m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa Russia, pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Amur ndi Ussuri. Nthawi zina mtundu uwu umatchedwanso Far East.
Oimira mtundu uwu ndiye wamkulu kuposa onse. Ndi kutalika kwabwino kwa 170-18 cm, thupi lawo limafikira 250-350 kg. Mavoliyumu ochititsa chidwi ngati amenewa amapangitsa kuti nkhumba zakutchirezi zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa aliyense amene wakumana naye.
Tsitsili ndi lamdima wakuda, kuyambira imvi-bulauni mpaka wakuda. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, nyamazi ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba. Amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali ndikutsata wina yemwe angawopseze ng'ombe zawo kapena banja lawo.
Nyama ya nguluwe Mitundu imeneyi imakondedwa kwambiri ndi nzika zakomweko, chifukwa chake, pafupifupi kotala la chiwonetsero chonse chikuwonongedwa chaka chilichonse ndi alenje ndi omwe amapha nyama mopanda chilungamo.
Oimira akuluakulu amtunduwu amapezeka makamaka ku Russia, ku Primorsky Territory.
Chijapani
Nguluwe zaku Japan zimakhala ku Japan, kupatula zilumba zina. Oimira mitunduyo amakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi komanso tsitsi lakuda lakuda.
Kuchokera panja, nyamazi zimawoneka zazikulu kwambiri, ngakhale zazikulu kwambiri. Lingaliro ili limabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe "amadya" dala. Zowuma zawo, koma, nthawi yomweyo, chigamba chanzeru pamphuno yayitali, zimawalola kuti apeze chakudya chonse chofunikira.
Nyama zimenezi zimakhala zodekha komanso zamtendere, choncho zimasungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira nyama.
Chikhalidwe
Nyama zomwe tikuganizira, kwakukulu, sizatsala pang'ono kutha. Mitundu yochepa chabe ya nyama, makamaka amene akuvutitsidwa ndi alenje amderali, ndi yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa. Komabe, mtundu wonse wa nkhumba zakutchire, monga tikudziwira masiku ano, siziopsezedwa kuti zitha.
Pachifukwa ichi, nguluwe zakutchire zili paliponse. Monga tanenera kale, agawika m'magulu anayi kutengera komwe amakhala. Ambiri ndi magulu akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.
Oimira mitundu iyi amapezeka pamagawo ambiri aku Europe ndi Asia. Amasintha mosavuta malo awo ndikuphunzira kupeza chakudya ndi malo okhala abwino.
Kumpoto ndi South America, komanso Antarctica, amadziwika kuti ndi "osauka" kwambiri ngati nkhumba zakutchire. Pa nthaka yaku America, pali mitundu yapadera ya mbadwa, koma akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo samaziika m'gulu lalikulu la mtunduwo.
Moyo
Nguluwe amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama zosunga ndalama komanso zanzeru zomwe zimadzisamalira ndi ana awo pasadakhale.
Zinyama zimakhala, monga lamulo, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kapena ng'ombe, kuphatikiza anthu 10 mpaka 40. Mkazi amakhala patsogolo pa gululo, ndipo pakhoza kukhala amuna ocheperapo kangapo pagulu.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya nyama imachitika makamaka mchaka cha chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, amasuntha pang'ono, kuyesa kutentha ndi mphamvu.
Nguluwe zakutchire zimakhala ndi maso abwino komanso fungo labwino. Chifukwa cha makutu akulu "owongoka", amamva bwino kwambiri. Amatha kuyenda mwakachetechete m'nkhalango, osazindikira nyama zolusa komanso anthu. Nyamazi, ngakhale zili ndi thupi lolemera, zimasambira bwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kugonjetsa mtunda wautali komanso wovuta.
Zakudya zabwino
Makolo a nkhumba zamakono, monga nkhumba zomwezo, amadziwika kuti ndi omnivores. Mutha kuwona mu chithunzi cha nguluwe zakutchirekukumba chigamba pansi. Ntchito yotereyi ndiye njira yayikulu yopezera chakudya cha nyama.
Iwo "amamverera" dziko lapansi pofunafuna chakudya, kuonetsetsa ngati kuli koyenera kudya, ndipo atatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri nyama zoyamwitsazi zimafaniziridwa ngakhale ndi anthu chifukwa cha kufanana kwa chakudya chawo ndi cha anthu.
Nguruwe zimadya makamaka chakudya cha mbewu: mbewu ndi zipatso, mbali zosiyanasiyana za zomera, makungwa a mitengo, bowa. Komabe, chakudya chawo chimaphatikizapo nyama zazing'ono. Izi zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, nyamakazi, amphibiya, zokwawa, komanso nyama zina. Komanso nguluwe zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimadya zotsalira za nyama zakufa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nguluwe zakutchire siziwopa chiphe chakupha kuchokera ku abuluzi ndi njoka zowopsa. Kudya nyama izi, samalabadira ziphe. Zowonadi, zinthu zomwe zitha kupha zamoyo zina sizikhala pachiwopsezo ku nkhumba zamtchire.
Ndikofunikira kuti nyama zakutchire izi zitsimikizire kuti sizidzasowa ndi njala posachedwa. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, ku Vienna komanso chilimwe, nguluwe yamtchire «kuukira " chakudya.
Munthawi imeneyi, amatha kupeza makilogalamu 10 mwezi uliwonse. Pambuyo pake, chimfine chikabwera, mafuta osanjikiza sadzalola kuti nyama iime, komanso kupatsanso "chakudya" choyenera cha michere.
Omnivores omwewo nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi zinyama zina. Nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi zilombo zolusa, zomwe nkovuta kuti nkhumba zithawe.
Kubereka
Monga lamulo, mkazi amabala ana asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, omwe amawasamalira mosamala. Mimba satenga nthawi yayitali - osapitilira miyezi isanu. Kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda ndi kilogalamu imodzi yokha. Ana amabadwa pakati pa masika, owoneka bwino, ndi malaya amizeremizere.
Patsiku lakhumi la moyo wawo, ana a nkhumba amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, kutsatira makolo awo. Amayambanso kudyetsa zomera ndikuphunzira kupeza chakudya chokoma kwambiri komanso chokoma.
Ali ndi chaka chimodzi, nguluwe zazing'ono zimalemera makilogalamu oposa 50. Chifukwa chake, mchaka choyamba chamoyo, amapeza makilogalamu opitilira 20 nyengo iliyonse. Pa msinkhu womwewo, amataya mtundu wawo wapadera, ndikupeza zovala zakuda za nkhumba zazikulu.
Atakwanitsa zaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana a nkhumba achoka "kunyumba ya makolo" ndikupita kukasaka nyumba yatsopano. Amapanga magulu atsopano, amaphunzira kukhala pawokha komanso amasamalirana.
Utali wamoyo
Pafupifupi, nguluwe zakutchire zimakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 10 mpaka 15. Poganizira kuti ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana a nkhumba amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chotere chimakhala chachikulu.
Moyo wa mamembala amtunduwu ukhoza kutha ngakhale zaka zosakwana 10. M'malo awo okhala, nyama zimawopsezedwa ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana, komanso anthu omwe amakonda kusaka.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, pali nyama ngati 40,000 zomwe zaphedwa ndi alenje ndi nyama zosaka nyama mwa anthu 400,000. Kusaka nyama izi kuyenera kukambidwa padera.
Nyama zakutchire kusaka
Nyama zakutchire kusaka amaonedwa kuti ndi opindulitsa kwambiri komanso osangalatsa. Anthu ambiri amapha nyama chifukwa cha nyama yawo yamtengo wapatali komanso yathanzi, ubweya wandiweyani komanso wokongola, kapena popanda chifukwa chopeza chikho chatsopano chosakira. Komabe, posaka nyama zoterezi, muyenera kumvetsera mosiyanasiyana. Kodi zimakhala bwanji ndi chizolowezi chotere?
Choyamba, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kusaka nyama zazikulu kwambiri ndi bizinesi yowopsa kwambiri. Ndizowopsa osati nyama zokha, komanso kwa osaka okha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nguluwe zakutchire ndizovuta kuvulaza kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutalowa m'mimba mosanjikiza, mutha kungowononga chiweto pang'ono. Komabe, ngakhale kuwonongeka koteroko kumakwiyitsa kwambiri nguluwe, ndipo itha kuvulaza wovutayo.
Ngakhale italowa m'mbali zina za thupi, ndizotheka kuti musakhudze ziwalo zofunika ndikuti "mutulutse nyama mwa iyo yokha." Chifukwa chake, alenje osadziwa zambiri salimbikitsidwa kuti asankhe nguluwe ngati nyama yawo.
Komanso, nyamazi zimatha kulimbana ndi alenje osati okha. Mamembala a ziweto zawo nthawi zambiri amathandizira anzawo, mwinanso kudzimana miyoyo yawo.
Sizachilendo kuti anthu amapita kukasaka agalu awo. Komabe, mwanjira imeneyi amangowopseza owathandiza. Agalu omwe ndi otsika kuposa nguluwe kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake nthawi zina amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa munthu yemwe.
Zolemba kunyumba
Palinso anthu ambiri omwe amakonda kuswana nkhumba zakutchire... N'zosatheka kusunga nyama zoterezi m'nyumba, koma kwa iwo omwe amakhala m'nyumba zamapiri, zipinda zapadera zingakonzedwe kwa iwo, monga ziweto.
Zipinda zoterezi ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi udzu wouma kuti nyama zigone usiku wonse, komanso kuwonjezera nthawi zonse chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi ku nkhumba zakutchire.
Pakhoma liyenera kutsekedwa, chifukwa nkhumba zakutchire sizigwiritsidwe ntchito pakukhudzidwa kwanyengo. M'malo awo achilengedwe, amadziteteza ku dzuwa, mvula ndi chipale chofewa muudzu kapena pansi pa korona wamitengo.
Zikakhala zokhutira nguluwe kunyumba ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zoopsa zilizonse ku nyama ndikupatsanso moyo wabwino.
Monga lamulo, anthu osunga nkhumba zakutchire amawadyetsa makilogalamu 5 mpaka 7 tsiku lililonse. Nyama zoweta zimadya mapira ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina eni ake amakonza phala kapena nyama zina monga chimanga.
Kwa nyama zoterezi, sikungakhale kowonjezera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyama yophika kapena nsomba pazakudya, komanso kirimu wowawasa wam'mudzi ndi kanyumba kanyumba.
Makolo a nkhumba, ngakhale amawoneka ngati nyama zakutchire, amasamalira bwino eni ake. Amakonda komanso amalemekeza anthu omwe amawasamalira, ndipo amatha kuwateteza pakagwa ngozi, monga kuthengo amatha kuteteza mabanja awo komanso ana awo.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi, tafufuza mtundu wosazolowereka komanso wosangalatsa wa zinyama - nguluwe zakutchire. Mwamtheradi aliyense wawonapo nyama zoterezi kumalo osungira nyama, komanso ali ndi lingaliro la moyo wa mbadwa zawo - nkhumba zoweta.
Nthawi zina sitimaganiziranso za kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimafa chaka chilichonse, osati kokha kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za anthu, komanso ndi mlenje wankhanza komanso nyama zosaka nyama mopanda chilungamo. Zowonadi, ziwerengero zakupha kosaneneka ndizokhumudwitsa. Chifukwa chake, kuteteza nyama zakutchire ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wa ife.
