Fungo losangalatsa. Maso agalasi. Chithovu pakamwa. Izi ndi njira zodzitchinjiriza za possums. Nthawi zoopsa, amanamizira kuti afa, osati kuzizira kokha, komanso kutsanzira njira zamisala. Chithovu pakamwa chimasonyeza kufa ndi matenda.
Ngakhale nyama zodya zakufa sizifuna kutenga kachilomboka. Atasanthula ndi kununkhiza phenum "momwemo", zolusa zimadutsa. Mutha kuwona izi ku America. Maofesi sakhala m'makontinenti ena.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a possum
"Nkhandwe yaying'ono yakuda ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi mchira wautali" ndikulongosola koyamba kwa possum, kopangidwa mu 1553. Kenako Pedro Cieza adafika ku America. Uyu ndi wolemba mbiri waku Spain, m'modzi mwa olemba mbiri oyamba.
Cieza sanali katswiri wa zinyama. Mitundu ya opossum idadziwika molakwika. M'malo mwake, nyamayo ndi infraclass ya marsupials, osati canine ngati nkhandwe.
Mwa ma marsupials, pali ma superorder awiri:
- Waku Australia. Kuphatikiza gawo la mkango wa zinyama zokhala ndi thumba lam'mimba pamimba pawo. Pali ma kangaroo, bandicoots, ndi marsupial moles, oimira gulu lachiwerewere monga Tasmanian satana.
- Wachimereka. Oimiridwa pokha ndi gulu la ma possum. Nthawi yomweyo, ku Australia kuli mtundu womwewo - ma ossamu. Marsupials nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti opezeka ku Australia, kutanthauza kuti amakhala kumayiko ake okha. Komabe, zoweta zosavuta kwambiri zili mu New World.
Kukhala nyama yoyamwa, oposamu:
- Ali ndi mano 50. Asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi incisors. Asanu ali pamwamba ndipo anayi ali pansi. Awa ndi mawonekedwe akale a mano omwe amapezeka munyama zoyambirira Padziko Lapansi.
- Zala zisanu. Miyendo ya nyama zakutchire ili ndi zala 6.
- Ali ndi chikwama komwe mwana possum imagwera asanakwane masiku khumi ndi awiri. Chifukwa chake, ma possum amatchedwa uterine awiri. Mu thumba, ngati m'mimba yachiwiri, anawo amapitiliza kukula, kudya mkaka wa amayi. Zilonda zam'mimba zimafalikira pachikopa cha khungu.
- Adawonekera padziko lapansi kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo. Panthawiyi, ma dinosaurs anali adakali padziko lapansi.
- Zimasiyana pakukula kwamiyendo yakumbuyo.
Si onse omwe ali ndi thumba. Ku South America, pali mitundu yomwe mawere ake amathawira pachifuwa. Nyama zotere zimakhala zopanda thumba. Sim possums siapadera, komabe. Pali mbewa za marsupial zopanda khola lachikopa. Ndipo wombat ilibe thumba.
Chifukwa chake possum imanamizira kuti yakufa, ikuwopseza adani
Ana a zitsamba zopanda matumba nawonso amabadwa masiku asanakwane, atakola nsonga zamabele za mayi. Anawo amapachikidwa pachifuwa chake mpaka atha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Paziphuphu za marsupial, khola la khungu ndi losavuta, lotsegukira kumchira. Palibe zokambirana za "thumba" ngati kangaroo.
Mitundu ya Opossum
Osati ma possum onse, monga kufotokozera kwa Pedro Cieza, amawoneka ngati ma chanterelles amiyala yayitali komanso yayifupi. Palinso mbewa ngati zotheka. Zing'onozing'ono nyama zili ndi:
- maso akulu
- makutu ozungulira
- mchira wopanda ubweya, wokutidwa m'munsi ndikutha kugwira pazinthu zozungulira, kukulunga iwo
- tsitsi lalifupi lakuda bulauni, beige, imvi
Pali mitundu 55 ya mbewa ngati mbewa, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimafanana ndi makoswe. Zitsanzo ndi:
1. Pygmy possum... Ali ndi ubweya wachikaso, wotuwa. Chinyamacho chimafika masentimita 31 m'litali, zomwe sizikutsimikizira dzina la mitunduyo. Palinso ma possum ang'onoang'ono.
2. Limsky. Anatsegulidwa mu 1920. Chinyamacho chimakhala kumpoto kwa Brazil, ndikosowa. Mwa mitundu 55 yama possums, pali pafupifupi 80% ya iwo.
3. Moto. Komanso possum waku Brazil, wopezeka mu 1936. Nyamayo imakhala mdera la Goias. Monga ma mbeu ena onga mbewa, moto umasiyanitsidwa ndi tinkhungu tating'onoting'ono.
4. Velvety. Amapezeka ku Bolivia ndi Argentina. Maganizo adatsegulidwa mu 1842. Mtundu wa mitunduyo ndi wofiyira. Ubweyawo uli ngati veleveti. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo.
5. Wachisomo. Izi opossum amakhala kum'mwera kwa Brazil ndi Argentina, adatsegulidwa mu 1902. Nyamayo idalandira dzinali chifukwa cha mgwirizano wake wapadera komanso chisomo cha mayendedwe.
6. Possum wofiira... Amakhala ku Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname. Marsupial imakhala ndi mafuta omwe amadziwika pansi pamchira. Mtundu wa nyama, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi wofiira. The possum sikudutsa masentimita 25 ndi mchira wake.
Mwa ma opossums okhala ndi ubweya wautali, sing'anga, kukula ngati chanterelles, agologolo kapena martens, timatchula:
1. Mawonekedwe amadzi. Amapezeka ku Central ndi South America. Thupi la nyama ndi 30 cm. Mchira chotheka ndi madzi amavala masentimita 40. Pakamwa pa nyama pakamwa pake pamakhala poterera, ndipo pathupi pake pamakhala ndi ubweya wakuda.
Marsupial amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, akugwira nsomba mmenemo. Mosiyana ndi ma possum ambiri, madzi am'miyendo amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Mwa kuwalipirira, nyamayo ndi yayitali.
Vumum yamadzi imakhala yoluka pamapazi ake akumbuyo ngati mbalame zam'madzi
2. Chowoneka ndi maso anayi. Amavala mawanga oyera pamwamba pamaso akuda. Amafanana ndi maso awiri. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Chovala cha oimira ake ndi mdima wakuda. Nyamayo imakhala kumapiri a Central ndi South America. Vutoli la maso anayi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ang'onoang'ono kuposa lamadzi.
3. Shuga possum. Dzina lake lapakati ndi gologolo wowuluka. Malinga ndi mtundu wazinyama, chinyama ndi possum, osati possum. Awa ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana. Kupatula kupatukana kwa madera, oimira awo amasiyana mawonekedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, ubweya wa Possum umafanana ndi zamtengo wapatali ndipo mkati mwake mumabowola. Tsitsi la opossum ladzaza kwathunthu, lolimba, lalitali. Maso a nyama ndi ang'onoang'ono, osatuluka. Zolemba momwemonso shuga amangoyitanidwa ndi ambiri m'njira yaku America, koma amawoneka ngati waku Australia.
4. Phunziro la ku Australia... M'malo mwake, ndi possum. Ku Australia, nyamayi ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimafala kwambiri marsupial. Ubweya wamtengo wapatali umaphimba thupi lonse la nyama, umakhala ndi mawu agolide.
Yatsani chithunzi possum amafanana ndi kangaroo kakang'ono. Anthu aku Australia amayerekezera nyamayo ndi nkhandwe. Opossum marsupial.
5. Namwali opossum... Zimatanthauza zoona. Amapezeka ku North America ndipo ali ndi thumba lathunthu. Kukula kwa nyama ndikofanana ndi mphaka woweta. Chovala cha Virginia possum ndi cholimba, chosokonekera, chotuwa. Achibale oyandikana kwambiri ndi mitundu yakumwera komanso yofala.
Pali mitundu 75 yamitundu yonse yaku America yonse. Amagawidwa m'magulu 11. Chilichonse chomwe mtundu wa possum uli wake, ndi chochedwa, chosavuta. Ndiye chifukwa chake nyamayo idasankha kunamizira kuti yafa ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Opossum - nyamaposankha malo okhala kumwera. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu yochepa chabe ya ma marsupial ku North America. Zikukwera kumtunda, nyama zimaundana mchira ndi makutu awo m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Komabe, pali mitundu ya zowona zenizeni, zomwe zimangokhala nsonga ya mchira wawo wamaliseche. Mbali yake yambiri imakutidwa ndi ubweya. Zokwanira kuti mukumbukire zingwe zamafuta. Zowona, amakhala ku South America, osati North America.
Mafuta opera opopera
Makhalidwe a opossum ndi awa:
- kukhalako wekha
- malo okhala m'nkhalango, steppes ndi semi-steppes
- mwa ambiri, machitidwe azikhalidwe zosakhalitsa (gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu limasiyanitsidwa ndi zam'mlengalenga ndipo kokha aquatic aquum ndi theka lamadzi)
- ntchito madzulo ndi usiku
- kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe ofiira (ndi nthawi yochepa yakudzuka m'masiku abwino), ngati nyama ili kumpoto
Pazotheka Simunganene kuti ndi anzeru. Mu nzeru, nyama ndizotsika kuposa agalu, amphaka, makoswe wamba. Komabe, izi sizimasokoneza kusunga ma possum ambiri kunyumba. Ndimakopeka ndi kukula kwakung'onong'onong'ono ka nyama, kusakhazikika kwawo, kusewera.
Kanemayo "Ice Age" adathandizira kutchuka kwa nyamazo. The possum sinangokhala m'modzi chabe mwamphamvu zake, komanso wokondedwa pagulu.
Chakudya
Possums ndi omnivorous komanso osusuka. Menyu yatsiku ndi tsiku ya marsupials imaphatikizapo:
- zipatso
- bowa
- tizilombo
- masamba
- udzu
- chimanga
- mphesa zakutchire
- mazira a mbalame, mbewa ndi abuluzi
Tsamba la menyu limadalira komwe kuli nyama. Australia possum, kapena m'malo mwake, imadya zipatso, zitsamba ndi mphutsi zokha. Ku South America, zitsamba zina zimakula, zipatso zina zimapsa, ndipo tizilombo tachilendo timakhala. Kumpoto kwa kontrakitala, menyu nawonso ndi apadera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Marsupial possum ku North America imabereka ana katatu pachaka. Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha imaswana chaka chonse. Woody possums amakonda kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zisa, kapena kukhazikika m'maenje. Mafomu apadziko lapansi amatha:
- m'maenje;
- maenje osiyidwa;
- pakati pa mizu
Chonde chimasiyananso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya opossum. Virgirsky ali ndi ana akulu kwambiri. Pali ana 30 mu zinyalala. Theka la iwo liyenera kufa, chifukwa chinyama chili ndi nsonga zamabele zokha 13. Omwe ali ndi nthawi yogwiritsitsa kumatendawa amapulumuka.
Pafupifupi, possum imabereka ana 10-18. Akakula, amapita pamsana pa mayiyo. Opossums amapita kumeneko kwa miyezi ingapo, kenako ndikutsikira pansi ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Imakhala yoposa zaka 9.
