Mbalame yachifumu. Nthawi zambiri boma kapena amfumu amakhala ndi malo, zida, mabizinesi. Mfumukazi yaku Britain idapitilira apo. Mutu wa England umakhalanso ndi mbalame, makamaka swans. Chifukwa chake, ku Great Britain sawakhudza, kuwopa kulanda malo amfumu. Kodi ma swans amayenera ulemu bwanji?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a tsekwe
Kukhala wa mfumukazi ya ma swans achingerezi sichachikondi monga zikuwonekera. Ufulu wa mbalame umanenedwa potengera kukoma kwa mbalamezo. M'zaka zapitazi, amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, chodyera patebulo lachifumu.
Chifukwa chake, mafumu aku England adatenga woyang'anira swan mu gulu lawo. Poyamba anali wolemekezeka. M'zaka za zana la 21, udindowu udaperekedwa kwa pulofesa ku Oxford University. Ali ndi udindo wowerengera mbalame ndikukonzekera kuthandizira kuchuluka kwawo.
Pofotokozera zenizeni za nthenga, palinso zachikondi zochepa kuposa momwe zimayambira, nthano. Mwachitsanzo, pali mawu akuti "nyimbo ya swan". Ili ndiye dzina la zaluso, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi omwe olemba amapuma pantchito kapena kufa. Nyimbo ya swan kwenikweni ili ngati kulira, ndipo mwa achinyamata - kukuwa.
Fanizo loti "swan khosi" ndicholinga. Ndi yayitali kwambiri mu mbalame, yofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi. Khosi lotere limasiyanitsa ma anseriform ambiri, omwe ma swans amakhala. Mtundu, ndi oyera, akuda ndi imvi.
Mvera mawu a tsekwe
Mbalame zonse ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu, chifukwa chake zimakweza bwino. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, aliyense nsomba imayenda pamadzi. Apa khosi lalitali lanyama limalola kuti lizisodza chakudya kuchokera pansi. Swans amayenda movutikira, chifukwa ali ndi miyendo yayifupi. Miyendo ya mbalame, mwa njira, ndi yofiira. Mlomo ndi wachikaso wachikuda, chachikulu.
Swan - king bird... Mutuwu umaperekedwa kwa chinyama chifukwa cha chisomo chake ndi kukongola. Kwa mbalame 15-18 kg amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Mbalame nawonso zimayenda. Chosiyana ndikuyenda. Pansi, nyama zimayenda mozungulira, ngati atsekwe wamba. Izi zimagwirizanitsa ma swans onse.
Mitundu ya swans
Mbalame ya Chinsansa pachithunzichi ndi ya sing'anga kukula ndi yayikulu, yakuda ndi yopepuka, yokhala ndi mlomo wofiira kapena wachikaso. Kusiyana kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya swans:
1. Tundra. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa ang'ono, chifukwa ndi ocheperako pakati pa abale ake. Mbalameyi imalemera makilogalamu 6. Mapiko a nyama ndi masentimita 110. Wokhala ndi nthenga woyera kwathunthu. Milomo yakumtunda ya mbalameyi ndi yachikasu, samafika kumapeto kwa mphuno.
2. Mantha. Zingwe zake zachikaso ndizotalika, kufikira mphuno. Whooper amalemera makilogalamu 7 mpaka 14. Mapiko a nthenga amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 270. Ngati ena mitundu ya swans kulekerera kuzizira, mahule ndi thermophilic, omwe amakhala kumadera akumwera okha. Mtundu wa nyama ndi woyera.
3. Lankhulani ndi swan... Komanso yoyera ngati chipale chofewa, koma pamakhala pachimake pamutu ndi pamutu. Amalemera pafupifupi 14 kilogalamu. Mapiko a nthenga amakhala ndi masentimita 240. Mbalameyi ili ndi mlomo wofiira, ndipo elytra yake ndi yakuda.
4. Woliza lipenga. izo Mbalame Yoyera... Monga wosalankhula, ili ndi zokutira pakhosi ndi pamutu. Komabe, mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda kwathunthu ndipo umalemera ma kilogalamu angapo.
5. Swan American. Ali ndi mutu wozungulira komanso khosi lalifupi kuposa mamembala ena amtunduwu. Nyamayi yaku America imalemera makilogalamu 10. Mlomo wapamwamba wa mbalameyi ndi wachikasu wowala kwambiri, mpaka m'mphuno mwake, ngati mphamba.
6. Nkhumba yakuda. Kukulirapo pang'ono kuposa tundra. Nthawi zambiri nyama imalemera makilogalamu 6.5-7. Thupi la nthenga ndi loyera, ndipo khosi, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi lakuda. Mlomo wa mitunduyo ndi wofiira.
7. Mbalame Yakuda. Mbalame wakuda kwathunthu, ndipo mlomo wake ndi wofiira kwathunthu. Unyinji wa nyama ndi waung'ono, monga mitundu yakuda. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi mamita awiri.
Zoyipa zakugonana sizimapangidwa mu swans. Akazi samasiyana ndi amuna kaya ndi amtundu kapena kukula. Omalizawa, mwa njira, amatha kuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwachitsanzo, amuna akuda nthawi zina amasakanikirana, kuthamangitsa yaikazi yomwe yatayikira mazira kunja kwa chisa. Amuna amakwana ndi kulera okha.
Malo okhala ndi moyo
Swans onse amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, chifukwa amapeza chakudya mmenemo. Komabe, zakudya ndi kutentha komwe amakonda pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku kumasiyana:
- Swundra swans zimadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, amphibiya ndi zomera, zisa m'madambo a Kola Peninsula ndi Chukotka.
- Whooper amasankha magombe okutidwa ndi mabango a nyanja zotentha ndi zazikulu ndi nyanja, akugwira algae ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhalamo.
- Osalankhulawo amadya nkhanu, molluscs ndi zomera zapansi pamadzi, kuziyang'ana kunyanja ku Europe ndi Asia.
- lipenga limakonda nyanja zosaya za pakati ndi kumpoto kwa America, kumadya zomera zam'madzi ndi molluscs.
- Nyanja yaku America ndiyofanana ndi nkhalango zamtchire za New World, komwe kumakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, madambo, nyanja komanso kudyetsa osati zomera zam'madzi ndi nyama zokha, komanso mbewu zambewu m'minda.
- Makosi akuda akuda amakhala ku South America, makamaka ku Chile ndi Patagonia, kuzizira ku Brazil ndipo samangodya zomera ndi nyama zam'madzi zokha, komanso tizilombo.
- tsekwe lakuda limakhala ku Australia komanso kuzilumba zapafupi, posankha madzi abwino komanso osaya, ndi osadya nyama.
Swans oyera - wamkazi ndi wamwamuna
Zosamukira mbalame za swan kapena ayi? Funso ndilofunika, chifukwa anthu ena ngakhale anthu ambiri samachotsedwa m'nyumba zawo nthawi yozizira. Izi zimachitika m'malo ofunda. Chifukwa chake, ma swans a makosi akuda samachotsedwa kumwera kwa kontrakitala chaka chilichonse. Maulendo ataliatali nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi anthu akumpoto. Ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse inayi ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdzikolo zachotsedwa mnyumba zawo:
- Zambiri.
- Lankhulani
- Whooper.
- Wachimereka.
Zouluka zouluka imachitika mwatsatanetsatane. Munthu wamphamvu kwambiri amasuntha pamutu pake. Mafunde amphamvu ochokera m'mapiko ake amapatsira omwe akuuluka kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake swans ofooka kumapeto kwa mphero amalandira chithandizo, popanda chochitika chilichonse amafika kumalo ozizira.
Kufika pamalopo ndikukhala posungira madzi, mbalamezo zimadabwitsa omvera mwachisomo. Imafotokozedwera osati mawonekedwe a mbalame zokha, komanso momwe amayendera. Ndiosathamanga, osalala. Pali bata ndikudzidalira pakusuntha kwa ma swans.
Ngati ngozi ingapezeke ngati chiwombankhanga chagolide kapena mtsinje wa osprey, ma swans amalowa m'madzi kapena, kuthamanga nawo, amakwera pamapiko. Chovuta kwambiri kwa Anseriformes ndikubisala pansi. Kuthamanga kwanthawi yayitali kumafunikira. M'madzi, zikuluzikulu ngati zopalasa zimathandizira kukankhira thupi kunja. Pansi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mbalame zikweze thupi la kilogalamu 15.
Swans ndi mbalame zam'madera, sakonda alendo m'malo okhalamo. Zolemba zawo zimagawika pakati pawiri. Sizachabe kuti mbiri yopezeka kuti "swan okhulupirika" ilipo. Mbalamezi sizimangokhala zokhulupirika kwa anzawo, koma sizimasiyana nawo, zimakhala nthawi zonse m'banjamo.
Kutulutsa anthu osawadziwa, swans amatseketsa makosi awo ndi kulira ngati njoka. Komanso, mbalamezo zinatambasula mapiko awo amphamvu. Mphamvu yakumenyedwa kwawo, mwa njira, ndiyokwanira kuphwanya mafupa a munthu wamkulu.
Chikhulupiriro chakuti mbalame yozizira nthawi yozizira yokhudzana ndi kuphatikana kwa nyama kunyumba zawo. Kukazizira mwa iwo, mbalamezo zimachedwetsa kukwerana ndi kubereka ana kufikira nthawi yabwino.
Ngati kulibe chakudya, ma anserifomu amafa ndi kutopa, koma osawuluka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zophatikizira mitundu yonse ya swans mu Red Book. Kuti awononge mitundu, ndikwanira kuwononga malo omwe amasankhidwa nawo. Mbalame sizingazolowere zatsopano.
Mbalame ya Khansa
Khosi la gombolo limamuthandiza kutsitsa mutu wake mpaka kufika mita. M'madzi osaya, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza matope komanso obisika momwemo:
- ziphuphu
- nkhono
- mphutsi
- mizu yazomera
Popanda kufika pansi, mbalamezi zimagwira zimayambira za udzu ndi algae, nsomba zazing'ono. Mitundu ina ya swans imadyetsanso zomera zapadziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, udzu nthawi zambiri umadulidwa mozungulira zisa za mbalamezo. M'minda, mbalame zimakonda kwambiri chimanga, makamaka mbewu zake.
Oimira amitundu yaku America samadandaula kudya chimanga ndi mbatata konse. Popanda kusiya madzi, nyamazo zimakolola masambawo kuchokera kumitsinje ina ya m'mbali mwa nyanja, n'kupinda nthambi zake m'mitsinje.
Ma Swans amatenga chakudya posunsa mitu yawo m'madzi
M'nyengo yozizira, masamba amauluka, ndipo maiwe amadzazidwa ndi ayezi. Swans - mbalame, kuthetsa vutoli, kuwuluka kupita kumadera otentha kapena kusintha kadyedwe. Kuti musangalale ndi mphatso zakumunda kuzizira, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma anserifomu satsutsa. Kwa tsiku, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi amadya pafupifupi kotala la misa yake. Atagwidwa, mbalame saloledwa kupereka:
- Mkate wakuda. Njira zodyera mbalame sizimatengera, zomwe zimadzaza ndi matenda.
- Chakudya chowonongedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumabweretsa poyizoni wazakudya.
- Mkate woyera. Amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yodyetsa mbalame m'mayiwe a paki. Komabe, malonda ake ndiwowopsa pamasamba.
Zakudya zabwino zowonjezera mu ukapolo ndi:
- mpunga wouma, mapira
- chakudya chophatikiza chopanda mchere
- dzinthu
- amadyera
- masamba odulidwa
Chakudya chanyama cha swans chimasinthidwa ndi zinyalala zopanga, mazira. M'malo momwera madzi, mbalame zimakonda kuyamwa mkaka. Monga chowonjezera cha zakudya m'nyengo yozizira, swans amazindikira yisiti. Ndi kulemera, ayenera kukhala theka la magawo a zakudya.
Umu ndi momwe anapiye amayendera amayi
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Anseriformes amamanga zisa za 2-3 mita m'mimba mwake. Monga adokowe, ma swans akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mbale kwa zaka zambiri, ndikuzigwedeza chaka chilichonse. Zimamangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a chaka chatha, nthambi, zitsamba zouma. Ndi makamaka wamkazi amene amamanga chisa. Pambuyo pake, amaikira mazira 3 mpaka 5 ndikuwasamira, ndikusintha ndi yamphongo, masiku 40.
Swans Amuna amatsekera mazira moyipa, atha kukhala pambali, kapena kuyiwala kutembenuza zowalamulira. Ngati zofooka zimalola anapiye kuti apulumuke, anawo amakula pofika zaka 4 zokha. Mlingo wamoyo wa swans, chiwerengerocho ndi chaching'ono.
Msinkhu wa mbalame ndi zaka zosachepera 20. Swans ambiri amakhala 30-40. Nthanozi zimanena za nyama zazaka 150. Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali sikunatsimikizidwe mwasayansi.
Swan chisa ndi ana
Komabe, pokambirana pamutuwu, ndi mbalame yotani, zowonjezera zopeka. Iwo "amadyetsedwa" ndi nthano ndi nthano. Pali ma swans ndi maphukusi a Baba Yaga, ndi akalonga osangalatsa, ndi mafumu achifumu obadwanso kwina.
