M'chaka cha makumi anayi, zaka zana zapitazo, katswiri wazopanga za ku Danish komanso wazachilengedwe Peter Wilhelm Lund adalongosola koyamba Akambuku okhala ndi mano opweteka. M'zaka zimenezo, pofukula ku Brazil, adapeza zotsalira zoyambirira za ma smilodon.
Pambuyo pake, mafupa a nyama izi adapezeka munyanja ku California, komwe adamwa. Popeza kuti nyanjayo inali mafuta, ndipo mafuta otsalawo amapita kumtunda nthawi zonse, nyamazo nthawi zambiri zimakakamira ndi zikopa zawo mu slurry iyi ndikufa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kambuku wamasamba okhala ndi saber
Dzinalo lotchedwa saber-toothed potanthauzira kuchokera ku Chilatini ndi Chigiriki chakale chimamveka ngati "mpeni" ndi "dzino", zambiri nyama zamapazi a sabata akambuku otchedwa smilodons. Amachokera kubanja la feline saber-toothed, genus Mahayroda.
Zaka mamiliyoni awiri zapitazo, nyama izi zimakhala kumayiko a North and South America, Europe, Africa ndi Asia. Akambuku okhala ndi mano akuthwa ankakhala nthawi kuyambira koyambirira kwa nthawi ya Pleistocene mpaka kumapeto kwa Ice Age.
Amphaka a Sabata, kapena smilodons kukula kwa nyalugwe wamkulu, 300-400 kilogalamu. Anali mita imodzi kutalika atafota, ndi mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika kwa thupi lonse.
Olemba mbiri ya asayansi amati ma smilodon anali ofiira, mwina ndi mawanga akambuyo kumbuyo. Komabe, pakati pa asayansi omwewo pali kutsutsana zakuti albino sangakhalepo, Akambuku okhala ndi mano opweteka zoyera mitundu.
Miyendo yawo inali yaifupi, yakutsogolo inali yayikulu kwambiri kuposa yakumbuyo. Mwinanso chilengedwe chinawalenga m'njira yoti, panthawi yosaka nyama, chilombo, chitagwira nyama, mothandizidwa ndi zikhomo zake zakutsogolo, chitha kuchikakamiza kuti chigwere pansi, kenako ndikuchinyinitsa ndi mano ake.
Pa intaneti pali zambiri zithunzi Akambuku okhala ndi mano opweteka, Zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyana ndi banja lamphaka, ali ndi matupi olimba komanso mchira wawufupi.
Kutalika kwa mayini ake, kuphatikiza mizu ya mano okha, kunali masentimita makumi atatu. Mano ake ndi ofiira ngati kondomu, osongoka kumapeto ndi ozungulira pang'ono mkati, ndipo mbali yawo yamkati ndiyofanana ndi mpeni.
Ngati pakamwa pa nyama patsekedwa, ndiye kuti malekezero a mano ake amatuluka pansi pa chibwano. Chapadera cha chilombochi chinali chakuti inatsegula pakamwa pake mozungulira modabwitsa, kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mkango womwewo, kuti ikanire mano ake a thupilo mthupi la wovulalayo mwamphamvu.
Kakala ya akambuku
Pokhala ku kontinentiyo ya America, akambuku okhala ndi mano opyapyala ankakonda malo otseguka okhala ndi kusaka omwe sanadzazidwe ndi zomera. Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza momwe nyamazi zimakhalira.
Akatswiri ena achilengedwe amati a Smilodon anali okha. Ena amati ngati amakhala m'magulu, ndiye kuti anali magulu omwe amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikiza ana ang'onoang'ono, amakhala mofanana. Anthu amphaka amphongo aamuna ndi achikazi sanasiyane kukula, kusiyana kokha pakati pawo kunali mane wamfupi wamphongo.
Zakudya zabwino
Za akambuku onenepa Ndizodziwika bwino kuti amadya chakudya chanyama chokha - ma mastoni, njati, akavalo, antweru, nswala, ndi kuzungulira. Komanso akambuku okhala ndi mano opha ngati malupanga ankasaka tiana tating'onoting'ono. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale amavomereza kuti posafuna chakudya sananyoze zakufa.
Mwina, olusawa amapita kukasaka m'matumba, akazi anali osaka bwino kuposa amuna ndipo nthawi zonse amapitabe patsogolo. Atagwira nyama, adaipha, ndikukankhira pansi ndikutulutsa mtsempha wamagazi ndi zilonda zakuthwa.
Zomwe zikutsimikiziranso kuti ndi am'banja la mphaka. Kupatula apo, monga mukudziwa, amphaka amapha wozunzidwayo. Mosiyana ndi mikango ndi nyama zina zolusa, zomwe, zitagwidwa, zimang'amba nyama zowonazo.
Koma akambuku okhala ndi mano opha sizinali okhawo osaka nyama kumayiko omwe amakhala, ndipo anali ndi opikisana nawo kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku South America - mbalame zolusa nyama fororakos adapikisana nawo komanso kukula kwa njovu, ma sloth akulu a megatheria, amenenso sanali odana ndi kudya nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kumadera akumpoto kwa kontinentiyo ya America, kunali opikisana ambiri. Uyu ndi mkango wamphanga, chimbalangondo chachikulu chamfupi, nkhandwe yoopsa ndi ena ambiri.
Chifukwa chakutha akambuku okhala ndi meno opha ndi sabata
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zambiri zakhala zikupezeka m'masamba azasayansi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti anthu amtundu wina awona nyama zomwe zikufotokozedwa ngati akambuku okhala ndi mano akuthwa. Aaborigine adawapatsanso dzina - mikango yamapiri. Koma palibe umboni wotsimikizira izi Akambuku okhala ndi mano opweteka wamoyo.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakusowa kwa akambuku okhala ndi mano akuthwa ndi zomera zomwe zasintha. Wofufuza wamkulu pankhani ya majini, Pulofesa wa Yunivesite ya Copenhagen E. Villerslev ndi gulu la asayansi ochokera kumayiko khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi adaphunzira za khungu la DNA lomwe limapezeka kuchinyama chakale chomwe chimasungidwa mu ayezi.
Kuchokera pamenepo adapeza izi: zitsamba zomwe mahatchi, antelopes ndi zitsamba zina zimadya nthawi imeneyo zinali ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Ndi kuyamba kwa Ice Age, zomera zonse zidazizira.
Pambuyo pa thaw, madambo ndi steppes adasandulikanso wobiriwira, koma phindu la zitsamba zatsopano zidasintha, kapangidwe kake kanalibe kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni konse. Chifukwa chiyani ma artiodactyls adamwalira mwachangu kwambiri. Ndipo adatsatiridwa ndi unyinji wa akambuku okhala ndi mazira opumira, omwe adawadya, ndikungokhala opanda chakudya, ndichifukwa chake adafa ndi njala.
M'nthawi yathu ino yaukadaulo wapamwamba, mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi zamakompyuta, mutha kubwezeretsa chilichonse ndikubwerera m'mbuyo zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zakale operekedwa ku nyama zakale, zomwe zatha, pali zojambula zambiri zithunzi ndi chithunzi sabata-la mano akambukuzomwe zimatilola kuti tizidziwe bwino nyama izi.
Mwina pamenepo tidzayamikira, kukonda ndi kuteteza chilengedwe ndiposabata-la mano akambuku, ndi nyama zina zambiri sizidzaphatikizidwa pamasamba Ofiira mabuku monga zamoyo zomwe zatha.
