Tikukhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje madzulo opanda chilimwe, timakonda kuyimba nyimbo za cicadas, ndipo sitizindikira kuti nthawi zambiri si tizilombo tomwe timatiyimbira, koma mbalame ya cricket... Iye ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha phokoso loyambali.
Woimbayo, kapena kuti woimbayo, amatha kumveka bwino pamadzi, koma ndizovuta kuwona. Munthu wamphapayo amakhala ndi chinsinsi, nthenga zobisa komanso zinsinsi zina zingapo, zomwe zimadziwika. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino cholengedwa ichi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Crickets (Locustella) ndi mbalame zomwe zimadutsa. Poyamba, anali a banja la Warbler, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri. Iwo amawerengedwa ngati "zinyalala" taxon, ndipo pambuyo pake adagawanika kukhala banja limodzi limodzi ndi zigawenga komanso mabere osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti mawonekedwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri odutsa.
Kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa, pafupifupi 12-16 cm, kulemera kwake mpaka 25 g.Nthenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotuwa ndi bulauni, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi matani a azitona kapena ocher. Amakhala ndi mchira wowongoka, wosanjikiza, nthawi zina wokutira kumapeto, ndipo nthawi zina amaponda. Chodzikongoletsera chachikulu cha oimira ambiri ndi mawonekedwe pamutu, pakhosi, kumbuyo ndi zokutira pamapiko.
Amakhala ndi mawanga osiyanasiyana amtundu wamdima kapena wamakala, amawonekera bwino kumtunda, kufupi ndi kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kosamveka komanso kosiyana.
Zosangalatsa! Anyamata ndi atsikana samasiyana konse, kupatula kuti oyamba amakhala ndi zowonera "zachikuda" mumitambo yakuda.
Mlomo ndi wokulirapo m'munsi, ndipo umakhala pansi kumapeto. Setae pamunsi pamlomo kulibe. Mwa nthenga zouluka, yayitali kwambiri ndi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.
Khalidwe labwino kwambiri la mbalameyi ndi chisamaliro chake chosowa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mbalame yolimba kwambiri komanso yoyenda. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake kuli kovuta kumuwona ali pamasamba wandiweyani, komanso zovuta kujambula. Cricket mbalame pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri amabwera panthawi yomwe amasaka - akuyang'ana muudzu. Mwina pakadali pano ali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe amakonda mpaka adasiya kujambula.
Mbalame ya kricket kuimba - kuimba mtsinje wodandaula, phokoso la udzu wong'ung'udza, kuwira kwa thovu lamadzi m'madzi. Imalira mluzu, kugundana, kumang'amba bwino. Phokoso ili limalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala kuti agone mokwanira komanso athanzi.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa crickets pakadali pano umaphatikizapo mitundu 20 ya mbalame. Zina mwa izo zimadziwika ndi anthu okhala m'mayiko ambiri, ndipo pali malo omwe amapezeka malo amodzi okha.
Ku Russia, mutha kuwona mitundu iyi:
- Cricket yamtsinje... Kumakhala dera lalikulu kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Siberia kum'mawa kwa Central Europe. Chojambula chachikulu, chofika masentimita 16. Amadziwika ndi mchira wozungulira. Nthengayo imakhala ndi mawu a azitona.
Mikwingwirima yamakala pachifuwa ndi m'khosi. Mimba ndiyopepuka beige, yakuda m'mbali mwake. Kuphatikiza pa konsati yake phokoso lakuthwa la "zer-zer-zerr", ngati dzombe. Amayimba kutalika kwa 5-8 m, kenako amagwa ngati mwala ndikubisala m'nkhalango zowirira.
Mverani mawu a cricket wamtsinje:
- Cricket wowonongedwa... Kukula kochepera masentimita 12, kulemera pafupifupi g 15. Mtundu ndi chokoleti chochuluka kuposa imvi. Onse yokutidwa ndi mawanga wakuda. Mitundu yofananayo yautuwa imawoneka kumunsi kwa mimba yakuda.
Amakhala kumayiko athu ambiri kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe, kudutsa Siberia yonse, mpaka kuzilumba zaku Japan. Amawulukira ku South Asia nthawi yozizira.
Sewerani kricket wodziwika:
- Masewera a Nightingale... Mbalame yaying'ono, mpaka kutalika kwa 14 cm, kulemera - 15-22 g. Zofanana kwambiri ndi usiku wamba. Nthenga sizikhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa motley. Ndipo kuyimba kwake ndikovuta kwambiri kuposa zonse, kumakhala ndi ma trill ndikumveka kosiyanasiyana "tick-tick ... errr ... cyc, cyc, pit-pit". Zimapezeka mdera kuyambira kumadzulo kwa Europe mpaka ku mapiri a Ural. Zima ku Africa, zimapanga maulendo ataliatali usiku.
Mverani mawu a cricket wa nightingale:
- Nyimbo cricket... Kukula mpaka 16 cm, amakhala kumpoto kwa Asia. Nyengo ku South Asia. Amayimba mokweza, mosalala, modekha. Ndi amene amasungidwa mosangalala kunyumba ngati ali ndi mwayi woigwira.
Imvani nyimbo ya kanyumba kanyimbo:
- Mbalame cricket wamba - Okhala ku Europe, zisa m'madambo, m'zidikha ndi madambo. Kulira kwake "zirrr-zirr" ndikofanana kwambiri ndi phokoso la kricket kapena ziwala.
- Cricket ya ku Taiga... Woimira wamkulu wamtundu wake, wochepa pang'ono kukula kwake kwa mpheta. Zimapezeka kumwera kwa Western Siberia kupita ku Korea. Mchira umapondaponda, thupi limakokerana. Zinalembedwa mu Red Book la Tomsk Region. Amayimba m'mawa kwambiri.
Sewerani cricket ya taiga:
- Cricket ya ku Okhotsk... Mbalame yaying'ono ya nondescript imakhala kumpoto kwa Tatar Strait komanso pagombe lalikulu la Nyanja ya Okhotsk, komanso Kamchatka, Kuriles ndi Islands Islands. Nyengo ku Philippines, Borneo ndi Sulawesi.
- Chifuwa cha Siberia chosiyanasiyana... Okhala ku Far East ndi Eastern Siberia. Kuyimbako kumafanana ndi kulira kwaphokoso kapenanso kuwomba kwa ma voliyumu akulu "trz-trzzzzz"
- Chifuwa chaching'ono... Okhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia. Mu nthenga, mitundu yofiira-yofiira imawonjezeredwa pang'ono ku mitundu yakuda. Nyimboyi ili ndi zilembo ziwiri "tzi ... tzi". Amaimba m'mawa ndi usiku.
Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi yawonedwa kuti ili ndi mayimbidwe osiyana. Koma ndi ogwirizana chifukwa chakusiyana kwakusiyana kwakugonana, kuwonjezera apo, amapereka ma konsati omwe amakhala otakataka nthawi yamadzulo kapena usiku.
Zosangalatsa! Mbalame za kricket nthawi zambiri zimangokhala osamala komanso ndizanzeru. Amuna ena samayimba "pafupi" ndi chisa chawo, koma amayesetsa kuthawa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Crickets ndi mbalame zosamuka. Amakhala ku Europe kapena ku Asia, ndipo nthawi yozizira amapita kumayiko otentha - kumayiko akutali aku Africa kapena kumayiko akumwera kwa Asia.
Ulendowu ndi wautali, nthawi zina zimatenga miyezi inayi kapena kupitilira apo. Pakatikati mwa Epulo, mbalamezi zimawonekera m'malo awo, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti zimakonzekera kunyamuka. Ndiye chifukwa chake samakhala nthawi yayitali kudziko lina.
Moyo ndi gawo lawo lalikulu. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, akusunthirabe mwachangu kwambiri. Kunena mwatchutchutchu, mbalamezi zimauluka pang'ono komanso monyinyirika, zomwe sizachilendo kwa odutsa. Koma muudzu amathamanga ndikubisala mwaluso ngati mbewa, ndikumakwera mwachangu tchire ndi mbewu.
Nthawi yawo yomwe amakonda ndi kukhala pafupi ndi mtsinjewo, kumene kuli chinyezi, udzu wandiweyani, nkhalango za msondodzi. Ena amayesa kukhala m'mabango. Nthawi zina palinso okonda malo ouma, koma ndizosiyana ndi lamulo.
Mndende, mbalameyi imasungidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa kumakhala kovuta kuigwira. Koma ngati mukwanitsa kupeza mbalame ya cricket, mupatseni kogona pang'ono mu khola, ikani kamtengo kakang'ono. Mutha kuyika bafa yaying'ono ndikumwa kabati, iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi oyera.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngakhale zili choncho mbalameyo imalira ngati cricket, tizilombo, timene timatchedwa ndi dzina lake, ndiwo chakudya chake. Mbalame za Cricket ndizomwe zimakhala ndi nthenga. Amayamwa ntchentche, udzudzu, kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo, agulugufe ang'onoang'ono, zokwawa ndi kulumpha tizilombo.
M'dzinja lokha amalola kuti aziwonjezera zipatso ndi mbewu ku menyu, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi tizilombo. Mbalame zimasaka makamaka pansi, mofulumira ndikuseweretsa nyama yawo. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera apa kuti mbalame zimawona bwino.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona tizilombo tomwe tili munthawi yamdima, koma mlenje amalimbana ndi ntchitoyi. Ngati mbalameyo imakhala mchikwere chanu, zosakaniza za mbalame zomwe zimadya tizilombo todwala ndizoyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tamoyo, monga mbozi zodyera, zimayenera kupezeka pazakudya za mwana.
Tsopano m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto mutha kugula mphemvu, dzombe ndi njenjete zomwezo. Anthu ena amagula sera ya njenjete kwa alimi, imathandizanso mbalame. Mitundu yonse ya "mbozi yamaliseche" imatha kudyetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimasangalala kudya agulugufe a kabichi.
Apa mazira a nyerere safunikira kupatsidwa nthawi zambiri, amatha kukhala osagwirizana ndi mbalame zina. Njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo ndi ziwala. Tizilombo titha kuzizira, pokhapokha pang'ono, nthawi imodzi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kawirikawiri mbalame zoyanjanitsa zimakhala zolengedwa zokhazokha. Pawiri amapangidwa atangofika kumene. Chisa chimapangidwa mwachindunji pansi kapena pansi pamitengo ya zomera kapena bango. Ntchito yomangayo imachitika makamaka ndi akazi, makamaka osadzivutitsa ndi kufunafuna zomangira.
Kawirikawiri moss ndi zotsalira za herbaceous zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu zowalamulira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 4-6. Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi masabata awiri, makolo onse akutenga nawo mbali. Anapiye omwe amawonekera nawonso amadyetsedwa limodzi.
Pakadutsa milungu ingapo, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimatuluka m'chisa. Mndende, mbalame zimakhala zaka 4-5. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe sikudziwikabe bwino chifukwa chachinsinsi chawo.
Kujambulidwa ndi njoka ya mbalame ya chisa
Zosangalatsa.
- Pofuna kuti mbalameyi isanenepa m'khola, mugule tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zoyeserera ndizocheperako, mafuta ndi mapuloteni ochepa omwe ali nawo, komanso chitin chothandiza kwambiri. Choncho, pewani kugula akuluakulu ngati kuli kotheka.
- Locustella (Locustella) ... Kwa iwo omwe amadziwa mbiri yaying'ono, dzinalo limamveka lowopsa. Kupatula apo, zidachokera ku dzina la wopha poyizoni wamkulu mu Ufumu wa Roma wazaka za 1 AD - Locusta. Anamuneneza milandu yambiri yodziwika bwino. Anapanga ziphe zaluso, komanso adadzitengera pang'ono kuti adziteteze. Choncho, poizoni iye anali kovuta. Dzinalo lokhalokha limakankhira dzina la kachilomboka dzombe losamukasamuka (Locusta migratoria), yomwe imawonedwa ngati yopatsa chidwi komanso yovuta kupheratu. Ndipo kuyambira dzombe dzinalo linasamukira ku heroine wathu. Koma apa phokoso lodziwika bwino limawoneka ngati gawo lotanthauzira.
