M'zaka khumi zachiwiri za 20th century, magazini "Uragus" idasindikizidwa ku Tomsk. Linali lofalitsa owonera mbalame, koma linali lotchuka kwambiri. Dzinalo la magaziniyo silinasankhidwe mwangozi. Mbalame yaying'ono mphukira - pafupifupi chizindikiro cha Siberia. Iye si wokongola komanso amayimba bwino, komanso moyenerera amadziwika kuti ndi wachi Aborigine woyambirira.
Dzina lachi Latin Uragus sibiricus idaperekedwa ndi a Pierre Simon Pallas m'zaka za zana la 18th, ndipo zinali zokomera akatswiri odziwa za mbalame ndi okonda mbalame kuposa dzina loti taxonomy - mphodza wautali (Carpodacus sibiricus). M'zaka zaposachedwa, adatchulidwanso ng'ombe yamphongo yayitali... Tiyeni tione bwinobwino mbalameyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ku Far East, hurragus ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala m'mitsinje yamadzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi mutha kumumva akuyitana "koyenera", ndiyeno nyimbo yofatsa yolira. Mutha kusiyanitsa mbalame ndi nthenga zake zowala komanso mchira wawutali. Komanso ndi mamvekedwe omwe amatulutsa ndi mapiko ake akamauluka - "frrr".
Mwa mawu awa, mbalame imatha kuzindikirika osayang'anitsitsa. Mwa taxonomy, hurragus ndi wa banja la akambuku. Kukula - pafupifupi kukula kwa mpheta, kutalika kwa thupi 16-19 cm, momwe 8.5 cm ndi mchira. Kulemera mpaka 20 g, kutalika kwa mapiko - 8 cm, ndi chikhato - 23 cm.
Wamphongo Uragus nthawi zonse amavala bwino kwambiri. Nthenga zake zimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yonse ya pinki, komanso malankhulidwe a silvery pakhosi, pamimba ndi pamphumi. Monga ngati mtambo wakuda utaphimba kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Mawondo ndi maso ndi amdima, mulomo nawonso, ngakhale umasanduka wachikaso nthawi yotentha. Masika, nthenga zonse zimawoneka zowala.
Ma Hurragus ali ndi nthenga zokongola za pinki
Mchira ndi mapiko ake amapangidwa ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera ndipo zimayima kumbuyo komwe. Thupi palokha ndilophatikizika, mchira wokha ndiwotalikirapo kuposa momwe umawonekera kuti umaperekedwa ndi chilengedwe. Mapikowo ndi ozungulira, mulomo ndi wamphamvu ndipo amawoneka ngati watupa, ngati ng'ombe yamphongo. Choncho dzina lachiwiri - yaitali ng'ombe yamphongo... Nthengawo ndiwofewa, wandiweyani, wofewa mpaka kukhudza.
Chifukwa cha mpweya, mbalameyo imapirira kuzizira pang'ono pang'ono. Uragus wamkazi ali ndi mkanjo wofiirira, m'malo ena okhawo amadzikongoletsa ndi achikaso, ndikuwoneka kwa pinki pamimba ndi kumchira. Mapiko ndi mchira ndi zakuda. Anapiye aang'ono mpaka miyezi itatu nawonso amakhala ndi nthenga.
Zikuwoneka ngati Siberia wamba Uragus sibiricus sibiricu.
Uragus pachithunzichi amafanana ndi tochi yaying'ono yolumikizidwa ndi nthambi. Makamaka, imadziwika motsutsana ndi chipale chofewa. Amagwira zolimba ndi zikoka zolimba, amatutumuka pang'ono, ngati akukwapula, ndikuyamba Twitter.
Kuyimba kwa amuna nthawi zonse kumakhala kokongola kwambiri, amasewera zitoliro, nyimbo zachikazi ndizotopetsa. Ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imatha ndi mawu okhwima pang'ono, ofanana ndi chiwombankhanga.
Zosangalatsa! Okonda mbalame amakopeka osati kokha kuyimba uraguskomanso luso lake la onomatopoeia. Amatha kutengera mawu a mbalame zina za nyimbo, mphatsoyi imawonetsedwa makamaka mwaimuna.
Mitundu
Kuphatikiza pa Uragus wamba waku Siberia, magulu ena anayi a mbalamezi amadziwika tsopano:
- Ussuriysky hurragus — Uragus sibiricus ussuriensis. Ndi yaying'ono kukula kuposa masiku onse, mapiko ake amafikira masentimita 7, mchira ndi masentimita 7.5-8. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda pang'ono, wonenepa, wowala. Amakhala kumwera kwa bassuri basin, mdera la Amur, Manchuria.
- Hurragus waku Japan — Uragus sibiricus sanguinoentus... Mwinanso chaching'ono kwambiri pakati pa abale ena, mapikowo amafika masentimita 6.5-6.8, koma amakhala ofiira kwambiri. Palibe zodabwitsa dzina lachiwiri - magazi ofiira... Mchira ndiufupikitsa kuposa anthu ena. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Japan, ku Sakhalin ndi kumwera kwa Kuriles, komanso pachilumba cha Askold ku Primorsky Territory.
Palinso ma subspecies ena awiri omwe amakhala m'magulu osiyana.
- Uragus ndiwokongola - Uragus sibiricus lepidus - Mitundu m'chigawo cha Gansu kumadzulo kwa China komanso kumwera kwa chigawo cha Shaanxi.
- Uragus Henriki - Uragus sibiricus henrici. - amakhala mdera lamapiri ku Western China (zigawo za Sichuan ndi Yunan), komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Tibet.
Chifukwa chomwe mbalameyi idapezeka kuti idang'ambika sizimadziwika kwenikweni. Mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kapena potenga nawo mbali anthu. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, akatswiri odziwa za mbalame ku Germany, atachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mbalame, adapita nazo ku Germany ndikuyamba kuswana kwambiri. Mwina posachedwa tidzamva za anthu aku Germany.
Uragus - mbalame yaku Siberia
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Uragus - mbalame Chaku Asia. Malire akumadzulo kwa dera ndi dera la Sverdlovsk. Kum'mawa, gawo lokhalamo limangokhala kuzilumba za Japan ndi Kuril, nazonso mkuntho wautali anapezeka pa Sakhalin. Kum'mwera, mbalameyi inakafika chakumadzulo kwa China. Amapezeka ku Korea ndi Mongolia. Posachedwa, malowa asunthira chakumadzulo. Nthawi zina zimauluka mpaka kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe.
M'nkhalango za taiga, msondodzi ndi nkhalango zowirira, zigoba zokhala ndi ma hummock, pomwe ma sedge, mahatchi ndi maudzu ena amakula kwambiri. Amakonda zitsamba zam'mitsinje. Sizingosamuka zokha, koma mbalame zosamukasamuka. Anthu akumpoto amayandikira kumwera m'nyengo yozizira.
Amayendayenda m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osapitirira 10-15 mbalame, nthawi zina awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri zimauluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo ena m'zigwa za mitsinje kapena pafupi ndi bedi la njanji. Pakati pa mayendedwe amenewa, amakonda nkhalango, nkhalango zowirira, namsongole ndi minda.
Uraguses azolowere ukapolo. Ndi okoma, ochezeka, amayimba bwino. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amawasungira kunyumba mosangalala. Nthawi zina mkuntho umakhalamo mu khola lokha, koma nthawi zambiri amagona awiriawiri. Sankhani khola lalikulu, kutalika kwa 80 cm mbali iliyonse, ndi ndodo zowongoka.
Mchira wa mbalame ukhoza kugwidwa ndikuphwanya pakati pazitsulo zopingasa. Muyenera kuyiyika pamalo okhala ndi kuyatsa bwino. Mu khola, muyenera kupanga zokopa zingapo ndi makungwa kuti muzimitse zikhadabo, ndi malo oti chisa.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyika bafa. Kunyumba kwa ng'ombe yamphongo yayitali, usiku wa chilimwe ndi wocheperako, chifukwa chake mukakhala mu khola, muyenera kusamalira kuyatsa kowonjezera kuti mbalame isadwale.
Zakudya zabwino
Amasonkhanitsa mbewu zazing'ono: fulakesi, zitsamba zam'madzi, chowawa cham'mapiri ndi zitsamba zina, chifukwa mulomo wawo ndi wocheperako. Sangathe kugonjetsa mbewu zazikulu. Anapiye amadyetsedwa poyamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi. Mwa iwo okha amaphatikiza chakudya chamoyo pazakudya zawo panjira.
Mu ukapolo, kuwasunga ndikuwadyetsa sivuta. Kusakaniza kwabwino kwa tirigu kumatha kuchita. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mbewu za chomera, dandelion, chowawa ndi zitsamba zina. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera zipatso ndi zitsamba pamenyu.
Ndipo pa nthawi ya kukaikira mazira, muyeneranso kudyetsa tizilombo. Chakudya chiyenera kupatsidwa kwa iwo okha osongoka komanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono, popeza mbalame zimakonda kunenepa. Madzi akumwa ayenera kukhala abwino nthawi zonse. Timalimbikitsanso kusankha michere yothandizira kuti chitetezo chamthupi chitetezeke.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maanja amapangidwa nthawi yakusuntha kwadzinja-chisanu. Kukhazikika kumayambira pomwe masambawo atuluka, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Mbalame zimakonza zisa ngati mbale yolongosoka yosakwana 3 m pamwamba panthaka, m'mafoloko a mitengo kapena pakati pa nthambi za zitsamba.
Kwenikweni, mkaziyo amagwira ntchito yomanga, kuthera masiku osachepera 5-7 kuti achite izi. Nyumbazi zimamangidwa ndi nthambi, khungwa, udzu wouma, masamba, mkati mwake zimayalidwa ndi mapesi, tsitsi, ubweya wa nyama, nthenga mpaka pansi. Pofundira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 4-5 amtundu wokongola wobiriwira wabuluu wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono.
Mkaziyu amalowerera pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Wamphongo amapereka chakudya. Samadyetsa anapiye yekha, koma amaperekera chakudyacho kwa mayi, ndipo kwa ana. Ana amalowa m'masiku 14 ndikuyamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono m'nyumba ya abambo awo. Kusamalira anapiye kumatenga masiku pafupifupi 20, kenako nkuuluka mpaka kukula. Nthawi zambiri, ma hurragus amakhala mchikwere zaka 7-8, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka zaka 12.
Zosangalatsa
- Ndi zaka, amuna aku Uragus amakhala owala kuposa unyamata. Lamulo lachilengedwe - pazaka zambiri ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chithumwa kuti mukope chidwi.
- Ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yogona, yamphongo imatha kukwiya. Chifukwa chake, safunika kusungidwa ndi mbalame zina, ndipo chachikazi chiyenera kukhala ndi khola. Pakhala nthawi zina pamene mnzake adalanda chibwenzi chake.
- Mu ukapolo, amuna amatha kutaya kukongola kwa zovala zawo. Kukhetsa ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono nthenga, pinki ya hurragus nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku imvi.
- Tidawona momwe imodzi yamiyendo yayitali yamphongoyo idalira mofuula kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo movutikira kuchoka pamalo pomwe mbalame yachiwiri idafera. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwawo kwa wina ndi mnzake.
