Nthawi zambiri timaphunzira kuti dziko lathu lapansi limataya nyama ndi zomera zambiri zomwe zasowa, kapena zatsala pang'ono kutha. Momwe ena amawonekera, titha kuphunzira kuchokera m'mabuku kapena m'malo osungira zakale.
Poyambitsa zochitika zomvetsa chisoni ngati izi, mosayembekezereka ndipo kuchokera pano ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuphunzira za "kuwuka" kwa nyama, komwe kuyambira 1990 kudanenedwa kuti kulibe. Chinyama cholimba chimatchedwa nyama ya ku Vietnamese kapena mbewa zam'mbe... Ndi za banja la agwape. Tikudziwitsani za zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi ndikukuwuzani komwe amakhala komanso momwe amakhala.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Fawn ndi a m'gulu la ma artiodactyls, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono kwambiri mwadongosolo ili. Gwape wodabwitsayu ndi wamtali wokwana masentimita 20 mpaka 40 okha, amafika masentimita 40 mpaka 80 m'litali, ndipo amalemera kuyambira 1.5 kg. Mamembala akuda kwambiri amafikira makilogalamu 12.
Ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi makutu owongoka, oyikidwa bwino pakhosi, maso akulu onyowa, mchira wawung'ono wa gwape, miyendo yopyapyala yopyapyala, komanso nthawi yomweyo thupi lakulimba lokhala ndi nsana wokhota, mkombero wakuthwa wothinana, ubweya wonyezimira wofewa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kusowa kwa nyanga ...
Koma amuna amakhala ndi zibambo zomwe sizimakwanira pakamwa pawo. Nthawi zambiri amatuluka masentimita atatu kuchokera m'kamwa. Chovala chawo chimabisala - bulauni, bulauni, imvi yakuda, ndimadontho oyera pamimba ndi pachifuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse pamakhala mtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'mbali mwa agwape.
Mbewa ya gwape imakula mpaka masentimita 25 ikafota
Amaponda zala ziwiri zapakati ndi ziboda, koma amakhalanso ndi zala ziwiri zakumbuyo, zomwe zowetchera zina zilibenso. Mwanjira imeneyi amafanana ndi nkhumba. Ndipo ali ndi mphalapala mofananamo mawonekedwe ofanana a zida zamano ndi makina am'mimba. Ngakhale mimba yawo ndi yachikale kwambiri, imakhala ndi magawo atatu, osati 4, monga ma artiodactyls ambiri.
Mbewa yamphongo pachithunzichi ndi mtanda wosangalatsa pakati pa mbawala yamphongo ndi mbewa yayikulu. Chithunzi chake ndi mphuno ndizachilendo kwambiri motsutsana ndi miyendo yayitali ndi maso achisoni.
Mitundu
Za nswala titha kunena kuti sanaphunzire mokwanira. Ndipo chifukwa cha manyazi awo akulu, kuwopa kwawo komanso kusafuna kuwonedwa. Dzina lawo lachilatini lakuti Tragulus (tragulus) mwina lidachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti τράγος (mbuzi) ndikuwonjezera zilonda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "kakang'ono."
Mwinanso amatchedwa otero osati chifukwa cha ziboda zawo, komanso chifukwa chakuwongolera kwa ana awo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuwona bwino, kuphatikiza mumdima. Pali mibadwo itatu m'mabanja agwape: Gwape waku Asia, nswala zam'madzi, ndi nswala ya sika.
Mbawala zaku Asia (kanchili, kapena, monga ananenera poyamba, kantshily) onjezani mitundu 6:
- Chinyanja kanchil. Kufalitsidwa ku Indochina, Burma, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos ndi Vietnam. Ndi mitundu yosankha (yoyimira mtundu wa gulu lonse).
- Mbawala zazing'ono, kapena Kanchil yaying'ono yaku Javanese... Malo ake ali ku Southeast Asia, kuyambira zigawo zakumwera zaku China kupita ku Malay Peninsula, komanso pazilumba za Sumatra, Borneo ndi Java ndi zilumba zoyandikira. Kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri ka artiodactyl kamene kakhala padziko lapansi Kutalika osapitilira masentimita 45, kutalika mpaka 25 cm, kulemera kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 2.5 kg. Mchira ndi wautali masentimita 5. Ubweya wake ndi wofiirira, mimba, mmero ndi nsagwada zakumunsi ndizoyera.
- Gwape wamkulu, kapena napo nswala, kapena mbewa zazikulu za mbewa... Wotchuka kwambiri kuposa agwape onse. Imalemera pafupifupi 8 kg, nthawi zina imakhala yolemera kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi ndi 75-80 cm, kutalika kwake ndi 35-40 cm.Amakhala ku Thailand, Indochina, Malay Peninsula komanso pazilumba za Sumatra ndi Borneo.
- Philippines mbewa yamphongo amakhala, monga zikuwonekeratu, kuzilumba za Philippines. Chovala chake ndi chakuda kuposa nswala zina, pafupifupi chakuda. Dzuwa limanyezimira pabira-bulauni. Ngakhale masana, chinyama chimakhala chosatheka kuwona. Zowonera zonse zidapangidwa usiku pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi.
Mitundu ya kanchil ilibe kusiyana pakati pawo.
- Vietnamese kanchil, kapena Vietnamese mbawala yamphongo... Chinyamacho chimakhala chachikulu ngati kalulu, ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wokutira siliva. Chifukwa chake, ilinso ndi dzina siliva chevrotein... Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira za Truong Son. Amadziwika kuti ndiomwe amapezeka ku Vietnam (mitundu yomwe imapezeka m'malo ano). Kuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa "mitundu 25 yotayika kwambiri".
Ndi iye amene anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kupezanso mu Novembala 2019 ndi asayansi achilengedwe aku Vietnamese, ndipo izi zidachitika patatha zaka 29 kulibe chilichonse chopezeka. Kunali kotheka kujambula kokha mothandizidwa ndi misampha yovuta kwambiri ya kamera. Chisangalalo cha asayansi sichinkadziwa malire, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu udatha kale.
- Gulu la mbewa la Williamson limapezeka ku Thailand ndipo mwina ku China. Imasiyana pang'ono ndi abale ake, mwina pang'ono wonyezimira komanso achikulire.
Kanchil yamadzi (Waku Africa). Zosowa. Makulidwe angatchedwe akulu, ali pafupi ndi magawo a canchili wamkulu. Mtunduwo ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Amakhala pakatikati pa Africa, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi abwino. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi kuti titha kumuwona ngati amphibiya. M'madzi, imadyetsa ndikupulumuka kuzilombo. Nthawi yomweyo, imasambira mwangwiro.
Kanchil yowonongeka (mabanga a chevrotein kapena chevron) - amakhala ku India ndi ku Ceylon. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa nswala - ubweya wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi malo owala kwambiri. Mtundu uwu uli pafupi ndi nswala zaku Africa.
Poyamba tinkatengera kuti ndi monotypic, tsopano titha kukambirana za mitundu itatu: Mmwenyetikukhala kumwera kwenikweni kwa Asia, mpaka ku Nepal, kanchil wachikasuakukhala m'nkhalango zowirira ku Sri Lanka, ndipo Sri Lankan kanchilyomwe idapezeka ku 2005 m'malo owuma a Sri Lanka.
Dorcas (Dorcatherium) Ndi mitundu ina yakutha ya zinyama izi. Zakale zakufa zakale zapezeka ku Europe ndi East Africa, komanso kumapiri a Himalaya. Kuchokera ku Chigiriki chakale, dzina lake limatha kutanthauziridwa kuti mbawala yamphongo. Mwina chifukwa cha utoto wake, womwe, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, umafanana kwambiri ndi ubweya wa nyama yomwe yatchulidwayi. Chovala chofiirira chowala ndimadontho oyera oyera amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbawala zidawonekera padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 50 miliyoni zapitazo, kumayambiriro kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu am'masiku akale a ungulates. Kuyambira pamenepo, sanasinthebe, ndipo ambiri mwa mabanja awo ali ofanana ndi makolo awo akutali momwe amawonekera komanso momwe amakhalira.
Mwachidule titatha kufotokoza za mitunduyi, titha kunena kuti nyama zodabwitsazi zimangokhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, pachilumba cha Sri Lanka komanso kumadzulo kwa chigawo chapakati cha Africa. Amakhala pansi penipeni m'nkhalango zowirira. Amakonda mangrove, nkhalango zakale zokhala ndi mitengo youma, ndi zisumbu zamiyala.
Mbewa ya nswala imasambira bwino ndipo imatha kukwera mitengo
Amakonda kukhala okha. Njira yamoyo wachizolowezi mwina ikufotokozera kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe awo pamaso pa anthu. Ndi amanyazi komanso amachenjera. Podziwa kuti sangathe kupirira kuthamangitsidwa ndi adani, amakonda kubisala mwachangu. Ndipo mu izi tidakwaniritsa ungwiro. Mbawala zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chozungulira kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, osatinso zowakoka.
Ndiye amakhala bwanji mbewa ya mbawala komwe kumakhala ndi zizolowezi zomwe ali nazo, ndizotheka kuzipeza movutikira kwambiri. Nzosadabwitsa kuti anthu akumaloko akunena za wabodza wochenjera kwambiri kuti: "Ndiochenjera monga alireza". Amangowoneka kwakanthawi, ndipo amabisala nthawi yomweyo. Akamugwira, amaluma.
Masana, amabisala m'matanthwe kapena m'kati mwa mitengo yopanda mphako kuti agone ndi kupeza nyonga. Iwo amayenda mobisa usiku kukafunafuna chakudya, ndipo amasiya njira zawo muudzu zomwe zimafanana ndi ngalande zopapatiza. Kukula kwawo pang'ono kumawathandiza kuyenda mwadongosolo m'nkhalango zowirira, osakakamira munthaka ndi m'nkhalango zofewa.
A Kanchil amalumikizidwa mwansanje ndi gawo lawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna ali ndi umwini wokulirapo - pafupifupi mahekitala 12, ndipo akazi - mpaka mahekitala 8.5. Amuna amalemba malo awo ndi zinsinsi zambiri. Zimachitika kuti ayenera kuteteza madera awo. Kenako mayini akuthwa komanso ataliatali amabwera mosavuta.
Zakudya zabwino
Kupita kukasaka usiku, mbewa za mbewa zanyama ambiri amadalira maso ake akulu ndi makutu akuthwa. Chakudya chawo chimakhalanso chosiyana ndi ma artiodactyls ena. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zodziwika bwino zamasamba - masamba, zipatso, masamba, amakonda kudya nsikidzi, nyongolotsi, tizilombo tina, komanso achule ndi zowola.
Kuphatikiza apo, bowa, mbewu zazomera ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimadyedwa. Titha kunena kuti amadya chilichonse chomwe chingawathandize. Mofunitsitsa amagwira nsomba ndi nkhanu za mitsinje m'mitsinje yaing'ono ndi mitsinje. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuthana mosavuta ndi makoswe chifukwa cha zibambo zawo. Carnivorousness ya nyamayi imapangitsa kukhala kosiyana ndi ma artiodactyls.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Makoswe osungulumwa amathyola chikhalidwe chawo panthawi yoswana. Ndipokhapo pomwe amakumana wina ndi mnzake, akumvera chibadwa chobereka. Nyama izi ndizokwatirana. Ngakhale atasiyana ndi okwatirana kumapeto kwa nyengo yokwatirana, amayesetsanso kuti apeze nthawi ikakwana.
Mosiyana ndi achibale osagwirizana, mbewa ya mphalapala imatha kudyetsa tizilombo, abuluzi, achule ngakhale nsomba
Amafika pakukula msinkhu wa miyezi 5-7. Chizolowezi chawo chimayamba mu Juni-Julayi. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyalala 1-2. Amayi amawasiya, ndikusiya kufunafuna chakudya. Panthawiyi, abambo anali atachoka kale ku banja lawo kuti apitilize kusungulumwa mpaka nthawi ina.
Ndipo kale mu theka loyamba la ola, mwanayo amayesetsa kuyimirira pamiyendo ya miyendo, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri ayesa kale chakudya cha akulu. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, amayi ake amamudyetsa mkaka. Kutalika kwa moyo, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, kumatha zaka 14.
Adani achilengedwe
Nyama iyi ili ndi adani ambiri - akambuku, akambuku, mbalame zodya nyama, koma agalu amtchire ndiowopsa kwa iwo. Ndi fungo lawo labwino, amatha kudziwa komwe gwape wagulu wapita. Ndipo gwape sangathamange ndi miyendo yake yopyapyala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, pang'ono chabe mdani akubwera, nyamazo zimabisala muudzu kapena m'madzi nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali samawonekera pogona. Pofika m'mawa, mbawala zimabwerera kumalo ake obisalako kuti zibisalike.
Mbawala yamphongo, nyama yomwe ili pangozi
Zosangalatsa
- Pofunafuna chakudya, mbewa za agwape zimatha kukwera mumtengo, modabwitsa, koma ziboda zawo sizimawavuta.
- Anthu ambiri amabisala pangozi m'madzi. Amasambira bwino, amatha kuyenda pansi, kokha amatulutsa mphuno zawo zakuda kuti apume.
- Nthawi zambiri mbewa za mbewa ku South Asia zimawonetsedwa ngati wanzeru zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chake komanso chinsinsi chake kwa iwo omwe awononga chilengedwe, akuwononga nyanja ndi nkhalango. Pankhaniyi, m'malo ena, mwachitsanzo ku Philippines, mbewa yamtundu amaonedwa ngati nyama yopatulika.
- M'nthano yaku Indonesia, Sang Kanchil wa mbewa adafuna kuwoloka mtsinjewo, koma ng'ona yayikulu idamulepheretsa. Kenako Kanchil adanyenga chilombocho, ndikumuuza kuti mfumu ikufuna kuwerengera ng'ona zonse. Iwo anafola kuwoloka mtsinjewo, ndipo nyama yolimba mtimayo inawoloka kupita kutsidya linalo pamutu pawo ndikulowa m'munda wa zipatso.
- Ndipo anthu aku Philippines amakhulupirira kuti mbewa ya agwape ndiyochezeka kwambiri ndi nsato ija. Ngati chilombo kapena bambo yemwe ali ndi galu amasaka nyama, boa wamkuluyo amakwawa ndikutsamwitsa adani a mnzake. Mwinanso kubisalira komanso kusadziwa bwino nyama yaying'ono kumabweretsa nthano zoterezi.
