Zakale zakale za akavalo a Karachai ndizolumikizana ndi moyo wa okwera mapiri mtawuni ya Karachay ku North Caucasus. Malo oyipa, miyala, zigwa, kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku, mikhalidwe yoyipa idayesa kulimba kwa nzika zakomwe zimafuna owalemba ntchito komanso zoyendera.
Karachaev kavalo, omwe amapezeka chifukwa chokwatirana ndi akavalo am'deralo komanso akum'maŵa, ndi imodzi mwamitundu yosavomerezeka kwambiri. Ophunzitsa, osachepera mikhalidwe yakuthupi, amayamikira kukhulupirika, kukongola, ndi liwiro la akavalo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kusankhidwa kwa mahatchi a Karachai kunkachitika kuti agwire ntchito, kuyenda pamiyala, chifukwa chake kavaloyo anali wowonda, wamiyendo yayifupi. Kuumitsa kwachilengedwe kwakukulu kunachitika kudera lamapiri, komwe kuli msipu wochepa. Akavalo ankadya chakudya chosavuta, chosalala, anali m'malo ovuta a mapiri ndi mapiri.
Kwa zaka zana zapitazi, chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mtunduwo wasintha, wakula kwambiri, koma adasunga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri. Akavalo amadziwika ndi kuyenda komanso kupirira, kumvera komanso kulimba mtima. Nyama siziopa zopinga, zimasinthidwa kukhala zoweta zoweta, zimagwira ntchito kumapiri.
Malamulo olimba, squatness imakupatsani mwayi wosintha nthawi yayitali usana ndi usiku, kuyenda pamiyala, msewu, kupirira chisanu ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe. Anthu okwera kumapiriwa ankafunika antchito odalirika, osati okongola.
Nyamazo zidapirira kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, kusintha kwa chinyezi, kusakhazikika komanso kudyetsa pang'ono m'malo ovuta kusintha. Mahatchi odzitukumula sanadziweko khola lofunda, chakudya chamagulu. Nyamazo zimadya msipu ndipo zimagona usiku wonse mwachilengedwe.
Akavalo amadziwika ndi thupi lotakata, lolimba. Maonekedwe onse ndi ogwirizana. Ubweya waubweya ndi mchira wautali wa akavalo othamanga ndi othandiza kwambiri. Mbiri yamphongo ya hump, makutu ang'onoang'ono, mmbuyo molunjika, khosi lolimba la kutalika kwapakatikati limapatsa akavalo ziwonetsero zabwino. Mtunduwo umadziwika ndi mitundu yakuda. M'mabanja a Circassian, mtundu umodzi wa ziweto unkalimidwa.
Makhalidwe abwino amtunduwu amadziwika ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi, chitetezo chamatenda, kukonza mosadzichepetsa. Kuphatikizika kwa kulimba mtima, ulemu, kumvera kumapangitsa akavalo kuthandizira odalirika kumunda. Chikondi, kudzipereka kwa nyama kwa anthu kwayesedwa kwazaka zambiri zapitazo.
Karachaevskaya mtundu wa akavalo ali ndi luntha lotukuka kwambiri, kotero eni ziweto amafunika kuthera nthawi yochuluka pakukula ndi kulumikizana. Mwiniwake ayenera kuwonetsa kupirira ndipo adzafuna kuti kavalo azindikire mutu womwe ulipo. Nyama zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu, chonyada, chomwe eni mahatchi amayenera kuwerengedwa kuti asawononge tandem yamphamvu.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana, nthumwi zakutchire zamtundu wamahatchi zimawoneka, ndi magwiridwe antchito modabwitsa, omwe amatha kusintha mosiyanasiyana madera osiyanasiyana. Mikhalidwe yovutayi idatontholetsa nyamazo, kuziphunzitsa kuyenda m'njira zovuta, kudziika pangozi, ndikuwonetsa luso.
Mahatchi aku Caucasus ndi ocheperako chifukwa chothamanga pamahatchi, chifukwa pakupanga mphamvu, kupirira ndi mphamvu zoyeserera zinali zofunika kwambiri. Makhalidwe okwera pamahatchi a Karachai ndi ochepa, omwe samachepetsa mtengo wawo. Kavalo wamtundu wa Karachai nthawi zonse amakhala mphatso yamtengo wapatali, yofunika m'mabanja aku Caucasus, komwe kulimba mtima, kupirira, kulimbikira, komanso kukhulupirika nthawi zonse kumakhala kulemekezedwa.
Ku Karachay-Cherkessia, pakadali pano, akavalo amakono amasungidwa m'malo achilengedwe kuti asunge mawonekedwe ofunikira amtunduwu - kupirira komanso kudzichepetsa. Olima mahatchi amadziwa kuti kusamalira nyumba kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a akavalo.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Mitundu yakale yamahatchi yamapiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi kaimidwe kake kakang'ono, kogwirizana. Nyamayo cholinga chake ndi kuyenda kwakanthawi kochepa m'njira zazing'ono zamapiri, atanyamula katundu wolemera. Malingana ndi zamakono, kutalika kwa kavalo wa Karachai ndi 1.48-1.55 m, kulemera - mpaka tani 1. Kunja kumaphatikizapo zofunikira:
- mutu wapakatikati;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- mawonekedwe amphuno owonda;
- makutu okhwima okhwima;
- kubwerera kolimba ndi mzere wowongoka;
- croup lonse.
Miyendo yakutsogolo idaduka, ndi phazi laling'ono. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyofanana, saber sinafotokozeredwe bwino, ngakhale ndizofanana ndi mitundu ya Caucasus. Ziboda zamahatchi zamphamvu zapadera, mawonekedwe okhazikika. Mane ndi mchira wokhala ndi tsitsi lakuda nthawi zina amakhala wavy. Mdima wakuda, masuti a karak amapambana, bay, mdima bay ndiwoofala kwambiri.
Mtundu wofiirira wamahatchi a Karachai adawonjezedwa ndi mitundu ya Chingerezi. Pali mitundu pafupifupi makumi anayi, iliyonse ili ndi dzina lake. Akavalo okhala ndi mawanga oyera ndi osowa kwambiri, anthu oterewa ndiosiyana, osati mahatchi oyera a Karachai.
Pali mitundu yayikulu yamahatchi a Karachai:
- mtunduwo ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, oyenera kukwera pansi pa chishalo, zingwe ziwiri;
- mitundu yayikulu - akavalo ndi otakata komanso afupikitsa, okhala ndi malamulo oyenda bwino, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa, kunyamula katundu pansi pa paketi;
- mtundu wokwera - akavalo ndiwotalika, othamanga chifukwa cha mitundu yawo. Zinyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamipikisano yamahatchi ndipo amayamikiridwa ngati okwera pamahatchi kokopa alendo okwera pamahatchi. Mitsempha ya Karachai yokwera pamahatchi, 1/8 yamagazi ndi yamahatchi achi English.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Ku Karachay-Cherkessia, nyama zimasungidwa m'gulu kuti zizisunga zikhalidwe zawo. Pakadyetsa kwaulere, akavalo amapeza gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo, amalandira zowonjezera zowonjezera:
- phala;
- masamba;
- nyemba;
- mapira udzu.
Ngati akavalo amtundu wa Karachai amasungidwa m khola, ndiye ntchito imodzi ya woweta ndi kapangidwe kolondola ka zakudya. Menyu yazinyama ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- 60% - udzu wam'madzi;
- 10% - chakudya chamagulu, chakudya china chokhazikika;
- 30% masamba atsopano.
Pofuna kupewa mavuto m'mimba mwa akavalo, zitsamba zosakaniza zimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya chodulidwayo, ndipo masamba amasambitsidwa ndikudulidwa tating'ono ting'ono.
Akavalo omwe amayenda maulendo ataliatali, ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amadyetsedwa ndi 50% ya udzu, 40% imadzaza ndi 10% masamba osiyanasiyana (mbatata, kaloti, beets). Kulimbitsa mafupa ndi minofu, zakudya zowonjezera zimaperekedwa - chakudya cha mafupa, mafuta a nsomba, keke yamafuta, mavitamini, ndi mchere.
Kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera kumawerengedwa kutengera kulemera ndi msinkhu wa nyama. Ndikofunikira kuti akavalo azitha kupeza madzi akumwa. Nyama zimadya mpaka malita 50 amadzimadzi patsiku. Kwa maresi pa nthawi ya mkaka wa m'mawere, kuchuluka kwa masamba owonjezera kumawonjezeka mu zakudya, momwe kuchuluka kwa mkaka kumadalira.
Thanzi la nyama limadalira mtundu wa chakudya. Mahatchi a Karachay omwe amakhala m'khola ayenera kukhala ndi msipu wa chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira. Zakudya zowonjezera siziyenera kukhala zonyowa, zodzala ndi tiziromboti. Kusunga mahatchi m'khola kumakhala ndi malo: 4 mita yayitali pakhola.
Pansi pake pali utuchi, udzu, womwe umayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Kuyeretsa kwathunthu kwa chipinda chimodzi ndikokwanira kuchita kamodzi pa sabata. Kutsata ukhondo ndi ukhondo ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti nyama zikhale bwino. Akavalo sakonda fungo lamphamvu, ma drafti, kusintha kwa kutentha, ndi chinyezi mchipindacho.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mpaka zaka za zana la 20, kuswana kwa mahatchi a Karachai kunali kogwira ntchito mwakuti kumakwaniritsa zosowa za Russia zonyamula paketi ndi zosowa zankhondo. Koma zochitika zosintha zidapangitsa kuchepa kwa ziweto. Zinthu zidakonzedwa ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa famu ya studio pafupi ndi Kislovodsk.
Mitundu ya North Caucasus imasiyanitsidwa ndi chonde - nthawi yayitali yobereka, yoposa zaka 20. Zolembazo zidakhazikitsidwa ndi mwana wamkazi wazaka 24 yemwe adabereka ana 21. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za mahatchi, mpaka 90% ya mares amtundu wa Karachai amatha kutenga pakati pafupipafupi.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, mahatchi amaloledwa kukwatirana ndi mares. Akavalo amabereka popanda kuthandizidwa ndi obereketsa. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana amphongo sangalekanitsidwe ndi amayi awo, kenako amatumizidwa kumalo odyetserako masika.
Kusinthana ndi obereketsa osakwera bwino kumabala ana omwe amasunga mawonekedwe apadera a mahatchi a Karachai, pomwe akuwonetsa kunja kwa mtunduwo. Nyumba zabwino zimapatsa nyama moyo wautali, pafupifupi zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo.
Mtengo
Pamsika wamahatchi, mutha kugula kavalo wamtundu wa Karachai kuchokera kwa oweta mahatchi apadera, m'mafamu aku Russia. Mtengo umadalira pazinthu zambiri:
- chovala cha nyama;
- zaka;
- pansi;
- deta yathupi;
- zikhalidwe zaumoyo;
- mbadwa;
- gulu, cholinga.
Mutha kugula mtundu wa Karachai paulimi wa ma ruble 50-75 zikwi. Oimira mtunduwo pazowonetserako, mpikisano umawononga ma ruble 150,000 - 300,000. Pogula mwana kuchokera ku famu yoswana, ndikofunikira kupatsa nyamayo dzina lodziwika molingana ndi mitundu yapadera yomwe imawonekera. Mahatchi othamanga nthawi zina amatchulidwa ndi tsatanetsatane wa timu. Wotchuka Mayina a mahatchi a Karachai: Borey, Arsenal, Absinthe, Ash, Roll, Mkuntho, Turquoise, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kavalo wa Kabardian ndi kavalo wa Karachaev
Mbiri yakusiyana kwa mitundu yamitundu imabwerera m'mbuyomu, pomwe mizu ya akavalo wamba imawululidwa. Kusankhidwa kwa akavalo a Karachai kunkachitika m'malo amapiri kuti apange mikhalidwe ina. M'mapiri a Kabarda, kuswana kwa akavalo aku Caucasus kunali kofanana.
Kuyambira mu 1935, nthawi idayamba pomwe, pazifukwa zandale, pokhudzana ndi machitidwe opondereza anthu aku Karachai, mtundu wamahatchi wamba udayamba kutchedwa Kabardian. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, dzina lakale lidabwezedwa, koma njira yokonzanso kwathunthu mtunduwo idatenga zaka khumi. Ngati tingayerekezere akavalo amakono, ndiye Mahatchi a Karachai zithunzi zimawoneka zazikulu kwambiri kuposa za Kabardian.
Zosangalatsa
Mu 1936, akavalo amtundu wa Karachai adachita nawo mpikisano wovuta kwambiri kuzungulira mapiri ku Caucasus. Kutalika kwa mpikisanowo kunali masiku 47. Akavalo khumi ndi awiri a Karachai adabwera poyamba, kuthana ndi mayendedwe onse, kutsika, nkhalango, osakhala ndi kutopa kwapadera.
Chifukwa cha magwiridwe awo odabwitsa, mawonekedwe, akavalo adatenga nawo gawo pantchito zankhondo yaku Russia munkhondo ya Russia ndi Japan. Mahatchi a Karachay limodzi ndi anthu adagonjetsa Elbrus mu 1996. Mahatchi Ginger, Khurzuk, Daur adakwera pamwamba pa madzi oundana pamwamba pa phiri ndi katundu wambiri.
Nyamazo zatsimikizira kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mtunduwo, kudzipereka kwawo kutumikira anthu. Aliyense chiwonetsero cha akavalo a karachai imasonkhanitsa akatswiri owona amtunduwu kuti awonetse oyimira abwino oswana, miyambo yoswana mahatchi.
