Kunena zowona, mamembala ochulukirapo amtundu wamizeremizere ayenera kuwonedwa ngati odyetsa, chifukwa amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mnofu wa oimira zinyama ndi mitundu yawo. Ndipo ndi mitundu ina yokha ya mbalame yomwe imadya zipatso ndi magawo ena azomera zosiyanasiyana, yothyola mbewu ndikumwa timadzi tokoma.
Odyera okha amathanso kugawidwa malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Chakudya chawo chimatha kukhala tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ma molluscs, nkhanu, nsomba, njoka, mbalame ndi nyama, chimodzi mwazomwe zili pamwambapa kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Koma ndichizolowezi kuphatikiza gulu lachilengedwe la mbalame monga zodya nyama, zomwe mamembala ake samangokonda kudya nyama, koma amazigwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo, kufunafuna ndikupeza nyama kuchokera mlengalenga.
Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe chomwecho chawapatsa zida zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi nyama yawo. Izi ndi zopindika, zamphamvu, zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi milomo, ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwa nyama yolusa yamphongo.
Woyamba amatumizira chiwembu ndikusamutsa, ndipo chachiwiri ndikupha nyama. Koma ngakhale amenewo zolusa mbalamezomwe zimakhutiritsa pamwambapa m'mbali zonse zimagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, makamaka mtundu wa chakudya komanso njira yosakira.
Mphamba
Dzina lenileni la mbalameyi limatanthauza "wotchera, mwachangu, wowonera." Mbalame zoterezi ndizapakatikati, ndipo ngakhale oyimira akulu kwambiri m'banja la Hawk samapitilira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka kulemera. Milomo yawo ndi yolimba, yokhota, yaifupi, miyendo yawo ili ndi minofu yamphamvu.
Amakhala ndikukasaka m'nkhalango zakutchire, kuchokera m'nkhalango zomwe, chifukwa cha kuchenjera, luso, kusuntha komanso kumva bwino, amalimbana ndi omwe awazunza mwanjira yosayembekezereka, obanika ndi zikhadabo. Kwenikweni, nyama zawo ndi mbalame zapakatikati, komanso nyama, njoka, amphibiya, tizilombo.
Ma Hawks amapezeka wamba pafupifupi makontinenti onse apadziko lapansi, kupatula malo ozizira osatha, komanso, amapezeka pazilumba zazikulu zambiri. Mapiko afupipafupi amafunika kuwonedwa ngati mawonekedwe amawu awo; yotakata ndi mchira wautali; kawirikawiri kamvekedwe kofiira kapena kofiirira ka m'mapiko a kumtunda ndi otsika pang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta.
Zolimba zolimba za nkhwangwa, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, ngati chingwe chogwirira wovulalayo
Mbalame
Osati onse odyetsa amakonda nyama yatsopano ndikusaka nyama yamoyo; pali ena obisala pakati pawo. Mvu ndi chibale cha nkhwali. Ndipo mbalame zonsezi ndi za banja limodzi la nkhamba. Koma mosiyana ndi abale omwe tafotokozazi, miimba imadya zovunda, ndiye kuti mitembo ya nsomba, zokwawa ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Amayang'anitsitsa nyama yawo kuchokera kutalika, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawapeza mulu la agalu, makungubwe ndi ma kite, omwe amakonda nyama zakufa. Kugwa ngati mwala, miimba imathamangira komwe ikufuna. Ndipo ngati mitembo ili yayikulu, mbalame khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo zimatha kusonkhana mozungulira iwo.
Ziwombankhanga ndi zolengedwa zomwe sizimalimbikitsa kumvera chisoni ndi moyo wawo komanso chakudya. Ndipo samawoneka okongola kwambiri. Choyambirira, zovala zawo zamapiko zimajambulidwa m'mawu olira. Milomo yawo ndi yolumikizidwa. Makosi ndi amaliseche, ataliitali, koma oyenda mokhota, ngati mitu ya njoka, chithunzi choti amakokedwa m'mapewa; ndipo oponya zazikulu amaonekera pa iwo.
Ndi kwambiri mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama... Zikuluzikulu kwambiri zimatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 120. Ndipo mapiko awo akuluakulu amtali wa mita zitatu ndi osangalatsa. Kwenikweni, zolengedwa zoterezi ndizosavulaza, ngakhale zili zowoneka bwino, komanso ndendende zachilengedwe. Mitundu ya zamoyo zazikuluzikulu ndizofalikira ndipo imafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, koma zambiri mwa mbalamezi zili ku Africa.
Ziwombankhanga ndi amodzi mwa nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama zakufa
Kaiti
Pakuuluka, kaiti siyotopetsa ndipo imatha kuwoneka mlengalenga, ikukwera kwambiri. Zamoyo zotere zimatha kuuluka mpaka kotala la ola limodzi popanda mapiko opapatiza komanso ataliatali, koma zomwe amachita zimachedwa, ndipo mwamakhalidwe awo ndi aulesi komanso osakhazikika. Nthawi zina amatulutsa ma trod melodic, nthawi zina - amamveka mofanana ndi kulira.
Mtundu wa ma kite ndiwosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka wakuda. Manja awo ndi afupiafupi, kulemera kwawo sikungoposa kilogalamu. Zala ndi milomo yake ndizofooka kuposa za mphamba, ndipo zikhadabo sizopindika. Makiti ambiri amadya nyama zakufa, koma nthawi zina amasakanso nyama yamoyo: hares, mileme, crustaceans, nsomba, ndi zamoyo zina zapakatikati.
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa madambo a Eurasia, Africa, Australia. Zimagwira ndipo zimauluka m’magulu. Mbalamezi zonse zimaphatikizidwa m'banja limodzi la nkhamba.
Sarych
Kanyama kameneka kokhala ndi nthenga kotchedwa genus of buzzards ndikapakatikati. Mthunzi wa nthenga za mbalamezi ndi wosiyana, kuchokera ku bulauni yakuda mpaka kuthengo, komabe, itha kukhala yakuda. Amakhala m'dera la Eurasia, amakhala m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, komanso m'mapiri omwe muli ma conifers. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku Russia, koma okonda kutentha kwamapiko amauluka kupita ku Africa nthawi yachisanu.
Sarich, pamodzi ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide, ali mgululi mbalame zodya nyama pafupi ndi Moscow... Amasaka akalulu amtchire, amphaka, makoswe ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono. Zinthu zikafika poipa, nyama zotere zimatha kulimbana ndi anthu ngati ziteteza zisa zawo, kuwopseza anapiye. Koma izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri.
Mchira wa zilombozi umakhala ngati chiongolero, zomwe zimathandiza mbalameyo kuti izitha kuuluka bwino
Mphungu
Kupitiliza kulongosola nkhwangwa, ndizosatheka kunena za ziwombankhanga. Awa ndi oimira banja lalikulu, okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita pafupifupi 80. Koma mapiko awo ndi amfupi, koma otakata. Kuphatikiza pa Eurasia, amapezeka ku North America ndi Africa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitengo yayitali, miyala, kapena pansi.
Atauluka m'mlengalenga, amayang'ana nyama zawo, zomwe zitha kukhala zolengedwa zilizonse zazing'ono. Nthawi zina ziwombankhanga zimatha kukhuta ndi nyama zakufa. Mbalame zotere zimadziwika ndi mbiri yonyada, yamphamvu mwamphamvu komanso nthenga zokongola. Maso awo samagwira ntchito, chifukwa chake, kuti ayang'ane pozungulira, amayenera kutembenuza mutu wawo mbali ndi mbali.
Mapiko amphamvu amapatsa ziombankhanga mwachangu komanso mwachangu
Mphungu yagolide
Iyi ndi mbalame yochokera ku mtundu wa ziwombankhanga. Ali ndi thupi lamphamvu, lamphamvu, lolimba ndipo amatha kukwera mlengalenga kwa maola ambiri, akugwira mafunde ofunda otentha ndi mapiko ake otseguka otseguka. Achibale awo apamtima amasiyana ndi chiwombankhanga mumchira wopingasa, womwe umatseguka kwambiri pouluka, ngati fanesi, yomwe imathandizira kuwongolera mayendedwe.
Zosangalatsa phokoso la mbalame zodya nyama mtundu womwe amapereka umakhala ngati wagalu wagalu. Mwambiri, oimira mitundu yonse yamtundu wa ziwombazi amadziwika ndi luso lokuluka kumwamba. Zipangizo za matupi awo, makamaka mapiko, zimatha kutchedwa kuti zozizwitsa.
Mwa nyama zouluka zomwe zikukhala padziko lapansi masiku ano, ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zofananira zimatha kuuluka kumwamba kuposa zonse. Mphungu za golide zimauluka, zimangoyenda pang'ono ndi nsonga za mapiko awo. Ndipo akakhala m'dera lino, amakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka kuchokera kutalika kwambiri kuti akazonde nyama.
Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatha kuzindikira nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita atatu, ngakhale pansi pamadzi komanso mumdima
Mbalame
Popeza tikulankhula zaukadaulo wokula, ndizosatheka kuti tisalankhule za banja la albatross, lomwe mamembala ake ndi odyetsa anyanja. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yonse ya albatross imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, nthawi zina nsonga za mapiko ndi malo ena amakhala ndi mapiko akuda. Wamkulu kwambiri m'banja ndi albatross yachifumu.
Kulemera kwa thupi kwa mbalamezi kumatha kupitirira 10 kg, ndipo mapiko ake amafikira kutalika kwa 3.7 m.Albatrosses amagawidwa makamaka m'madzi am'nyanja a Kummwera kwa Dziko Lapansi. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuzilumba zakutali ndi malo ena onse, komwe zimaswana anapiye awo.
Amadyetsa zamoyo zopanda mafuta. Poyang'ana nyama yawo, amayenda pamwamba pa mafunde. Ndipo atawona china chake chosangalatsa, amakakamizidwa kupita kumtunda kwamadzi, kenako ndikukwera pamwamba pake. Ndipo izi zimafunikanso luso lalikulu.
Petrel
Ichi ndi chilombo chowuluka m'madzi, wachibale wa ma albatross, omwe amakhala chimodzimodzi nawo. Kulimba mtima kwa mbalameyi komanso kukongola kouluka kwake kunayimbidwa ndi olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba, ndipo ojambula amawonetsedwa mwaluso kwambiri. Banja la petrel ndilochulukirapo. Mmodzi mwa mamembala ake ndi petrel wamba.
Sili mgulu lalikulu, nthawi zambiri osapitilira masentimita 35. Mbalame zoterezi ndizofala ku Azov ndi Black Sea, komanso m'madzi a North Atlantic. Nthenga zawo zimakhala zakuda pamwamba ndi zoyera pansipa. Zowonongekazi zimadya nkhanu, nkhono ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Falcon
Kuyankhula za mabanja a mbalame zolusa, muyenera kukumbukira nkhwangwa. Choyambirira, oimira awo ndi ma falcona omwe. Kodi mbalamezi zimasiyana bwanji ndi zinkhanira? Ndi zazikulu ndipo zimakula pafupifupi 60 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa otchuka kwambiri kumafikira 2 kg. Amphamba ali ndi mapiko akuthwa, osati konse ngati nkhwangwa zazifupi komanso zosamveka.
Maso awo sakhala achikasu, ngati awa, koma a bulauni yakuda, ndipo mchira wawo ndi wamfupi kwambiri. Amphamba amawuluka mwachangu, amawombera anthu omwe awachita kutalika kwambiri, kuwang'amba ndi zikhadabo zawo, kenako kumaliza ndi mulomo wawo wamphamvu. Padziko lapansi, mbalame zoterezi ndizofala, monga mamembala ena ambiri am'banja la mphamba.
Nkhono yotulutsa peregine
Nyama yamphongo imeneyi yochokera ku mtundu wa nkhamba ndi yotchuka chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri, mpaka 90 m / s. Koposa zonse, kutchera kwa mbalame kumawonetseredwa pamapiri ataliatali, koma osati pakuyenda kopingasa. Kukula kwa mbalame zotere sikuposa theka la mita, ngakhale kukula kwake, monga mtundu wa nthenga, kumadalira mtunduwo. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndichopatsa chidwi.
Kulibe nthenga kuzungulira maso akulu, owoneka bwino a kabawi wa peregrine, yemwe ali ndi chikope chachitatu. Ndipo chifukwa chake, maso awo akuda kwambiri, ali ngati, adadulira mizere yachikaso. Mbalame zoterezi zimaukira gopher, agologolo ndi hares, voles ndi njoka, komanso mbalame zina, mwachitsanzo, abakha, nkhunda, mbalame zakuda, zimakhala zovuta zawo. Chiwombankhanga cha peregrine chimagwidwa nthawi zambiri panthawi yakugwa mozungulira, ndikupha nyamayo ndikumukwapula.
Zonsezi zomwe zatchulidwazi zikunenedwa mbalame zamasana zolusa... Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti amapeza chakudya chawo masana. Koma chilengedwe chomwecho chimasamalira alenje okhala ndi nthengawo, kuwagawa m'magulu azomwe zimawakhudza. Ndiye chifukwa chake pali ena mwa iwo omwe amapita kukasaka usiku.
Falcon ya Peregine ndiye cholengedwa chothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi, liwiro la "kugwa kuchokera kumwamba" limafika ku 320 km / h
Kadzidzi
Mamembala a kadzidzi ndi odyetsa usiku. Amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri imafanana molingana ndi malo awo. Makulidwe awo amasiyananso kutengera mitundu. Pali mitundu 214 yonse.
Kadzidzi wamkulu kwambiri ayenera kuwonedwa ngati kadzidzi. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa zimphona zotere kumatha kukhala 4 kg. Poyerekeza ndi iwo, akadzidzi odutsa amawoneka ngati amphongo enieni, omwe kukula kwawo ndi kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi kanayi.
Maonekedwe a akadzidzi amasangalatsa kukula kwake kwa thupi komanso tsatanetsatane wake wonse. Ndikoyenera kutchula pano mutu waukulu wozungulira, nkhope yowonekera, maso akulu owala usiku, komanso nthenga zachilendo, zaubweya zokhala ndi zovuta. Milomo yawo ndi yolumikizidwa, monganso momwe zilili ndi nyama zodya nthenga.
Nkhwangwa zikugwira, zolimba, komanso zikhotakhota zakuthwa zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizitha kugwira nyama. Kuyenda mumlengalenga usiku, akadzidzi samapanga phokoso ndikukula msanga mpaka 80 km paola. Amadyetsa njoka, abuluzi, makoswe, ndi nyama zina zapakatikati. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zamapiko zotere zimapezeka m'nkhalango za taiga.
Kadzidzi akugwira ntchito mumdima, chifukwa chakumva kwawo ndi maso akulu
Ziwombankhanga
K amatulutsa usiku mbalame zodya nyama mulinso mbalame zam'banja lawo. Momwe amawonekera, zolengedwa izi mwina zimakumbutsa kadzidzi. Diso lawo la nkhope, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, limatchulidwanso momveka bwino, koma limangotsikira pansi, limakhala ngati kansalu kopangidwa ndi mtima.
Ndipo iwowo amawoneka achisomo kwambiri, mapiko awo amaloza, ndipo mutu wawo ndi wopapatiza poyerekeza ndi kadzidzi. Kupanda phokoso kwa kuwuluka kwa nkhokwe posaka nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana kumaperekedwa ndi nthenga zokonzedwa mwapadera. Zowononga zoterezi zimakhala m'makontinenti onse, kupatula kuzizira kwa Antarctica.
Zovuta
Mbalame iyi yochokera kubanja la heron siyimasaka mouluka ndipo mulomo wake sunalumikizidwe, komabe iyenera kukhala ngati nyama yodya nyama, chifukwa imadya achule, nsomba ndi ena omwe amakhala m'madzi komanso omwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, omwe amawagwira mwaluso kwambiri.
Ndipo ngakhale zolengedwa zomwe zimakhala m'madambo zimapeza chakudya chawo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mapiko, kuthekera komwe amapatsidwa mwachilengedwe pankhaniyi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kufotokozedwa. Ntchentche nthawi zambiri zimasaka usiku m'nkhalango zamabango kapena bango pafupi ndi madzi.
Ndipo podikirira nyama, amatha kuzizira osasunthika, osasintha mawonekedwe awo kwanthawi yayitali. Mtundu, kukhala wofanana ndi zimayambira za zomera zomwe zatchulidwazi, ngakhale masana amalumikizana kwathunthu kwakuti nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatheka kuzindikira osaka.
Koma ngati wovulalayo ali pafupi, mbalame yoteroyo siiyasamula. The bittern iwonetsa zozizwitsa zakusokonekera komanso kuwonetsa kuthekera kwachinyengo. Ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zimagwidwa pa ntchentche. Ndipo m'madzi, mulomo wautali, wosongoka, wofanana ndi chipani, umawathandiza kugwira nyama.
Pakati pa mbalame zolusa zimalira, lofalitsidwa ndi zolengedwa izi, mwina, lingatchulidwe kuti ndi lochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Izi ndi phokoso lamphamvu, lopweteketsa mtima, lofanana ndi lipenga loponyera, lomwe limanyamula chete dambo kwa ma kilomita angapo.
Mbalame
Mbalame zoterezi ndi za banja la dokowe. Dzina lawo lachiarabu, lomwe tili nalo, limawadziwitsa mbalame zanzeru. Umu ndi momwe mawu oti "marabu" amatanthauzidwira. Izi ndizolengedwa zazitali, zomwe kukula kwake kumatha kukhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka. Nthenga zawo zimakhala ndi malo oyera ndi akuda.
Miyendo yawo ndi yayitali ngati ya adokowe, komabe, amapindika makosi awo akamauluka, ndipo sawatambasula, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati abuluzi. Zizindikiro zochititsa chidwi za mbalamezi ndi dazi, komanso chikwama cha khomo lachiberekero chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chimapachikidwa pachifuwa.
Milomo yawo ndi yayitali, yopyapyala, yozungulira. Imagwira kupha zolengedwa zazing'ono monga makoswe, abuluzi, achule, komanso, mbalamezi zimadyetsa tizilombo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaola. Mitundu ina ya mbalameyi imakhala ku Africa, mbalamezi zimapezeka ku South Asia.
Parrot kea
Wakhazikika ku New Zealand ndi wanzeru zake zapadera, amakonda kusewera, chidwi komanso kutengeka mtima ndi munthu. Kukula kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zoterezi kuli kochepera theka la mita. Mtunduwo umawonekera kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu yakuda, yobiriwira, maolivi ndi ofiira.
Amakhala m'nkhalango za kea, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mapiri. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi zambiri amadya zipatso ndi timadzi tokoma, timazungulira malo okhala anthu kufunafuna mankhwala oyenera kuchokera ku zinyalala, akadali olusa, pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya kwakukulu, kea anaukira gulu la nkhosa, ndikutola mabala akulu kumbuyo kwawo, chifukwa cha chimene nyama idafa.
Khwangwala
Pakati pa mayina a mbalame zodya nyama pali malo mbalame zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino kuchokera kwa odutsa. Koma ngakhale ali pachibale ndi kachikopa kokhala ndi mapiko, zamoyozi sizingokhala zazing'ono kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 70. Chovala chawo cha nthenga ndi chachisoni, chakuda modera.
Akhwangwala amadziwika chifukwa cha kuleza mtima kwawo komanso kusamala, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nzeru. Zikuuluka mlengalenga, mbalame zoterezi zimafanana kwambiri ndi abale awo odyetsa, ndipo munjira zina zambiri sizitsika nazo.
Amadziwanso kukwera m'mlengalenga ndi kuyenda mozungulira. Nthawi zambiri, zolengedwa zamapiko akuda zimadya nyama yakufa, kusaka nsomba ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.Nthawi zambiri, chilichonse chaching'ono chimakhala nyama yawo: tizilombo, mollusks, kafadala. Koma kwakukulukulu, zolengedwa zotere zimakonda kudya nthawi zina ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosadya bwino.
Nthawi zina alenje okhala ndi nthenga amakhala ochulukirapo kotero kuti mumayenera kuchotsa zovuta zawo. Munthu wabwera ndi njira zokwanira kuwopseza mbalame zodya nyama... Wakale kwambiri komanso wotsimikiziridwa ndi awa ndi scarecrows, ndiye kuti, mafano omwe amafanana ndi munthu.
Posachedwa, ma kite ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe, poyambitsidwa mlengalenga m'minda, amakhala ngati zokhumudwitsa zamapiko ena, m'malo mokakamiza obwerawo kuti achoke. Komanso omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi owopsa a bioacoustic ndi laser.
Mphungu yoyera yoyera
Yakwana nthawi yoti titchule adani, omwe siofala kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi osowa. Ndipo mbalamezi ku Russia mu 2013 zidatchulidwanso kuti ndi ngwazi chaka chonse, chifukwa amafunikira chitetezo, chomwe chimadziwika mu Red Book. Miyendo yoyera ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina imalemera makilogalamu 7.
Mtundu wawo umadzaza ndi bulauni, wachikaso ndi zoyera. Amawoneka ngati ziwombankhanga zagolide, koma mchira wawo ndi woboola pakati komanso wamfupi, ndipo nthenga za miyendo sizibisa zala zakumapazi, monga za abale amenewa. Amakhala m'misasa yachifumu yazomera. Amasaka mbalame zam'madzi ndi nsomba, chifukwa amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Ziwombankhanga zimatha kuona malo okhala nsomba pansi pa madzi kuchokera kutalika
Osprey
Ndi mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri ya odyetsa nthenga, ngakhale zolengedwa zamapikozi zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, ngakhale sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Mofanana ndi zoyera zoyera pamwambapa, osprey nawonso ndi akulu ndipo amakhala ndi mizu pafupi ndi matupi amadzi oyera pomwe amadyera nsomba.
Amawatsata, kukwera pamwamba pamadzi, kenako ndikulowerera kuya, kukakola nyama ikanyamuka. Zachilengedwe zonyansa komanso zomwe agwire anthu opha nyama moperewera zimathandizira kwambiri kuti mbalamezi zichepe kwambiri.
