Mphamvu yolemekezeka, yodzikongoletsa kukhala, nanga bwanji kufotokozera akavalo owoneka bwino, ngati kuti achokera pazithunzi za Vasnetsov? Pezani izi mfuti - kukongola ndi kunyada kwa Normandy.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo a kavalo wa Percheron
Za mbiri yazomwe zachitika Mahatchi a Percheron mpaka lero pali mikangano yoopsa. Akatswiri ena amawaona ngati mbadwa za akavalo amtchire omwe amakhala kumwera kwa France zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo.
Ena ali otsimikiza kuti mtundu uwu si wakale kwambiri - wakhala ukudziwika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo adabadwira m'chigawo cha Perche, powoloka magalimoto olemera a Norman okhala ndi akavalo achi Arabia.
Mwanjira ina iliyonse, Percheron ndi amodzi mwa akavalo okongola kwambiri, olimba komanso olimba padziko lapansi. Atatenga chisomo cha makolo akale akum'maŵa ndi mphamvu yapadera ya akavalo olemera kwambiri achi French, akavalo amenewa adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi patangopita zaka zochepa.
Nthawi yomweyo achibale a percheron - mtundu wamtundu wamagalimoto amtundu wa Norman udafunikira kwambiri nthawi ya Julius Caesar ndipo udagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo. Kuchita bwino kwambiri ndikupanga mwamphamvu kunapangitsa kavaloyu kukhala wabwino kwa katswiri wakale.
Sikuti kavalo aliyense amakhoza kukweza wokwera, atavala zovala zolemera, ndiyeno amathanso kuthamanga pamasewera othamanga. Makolo Wachifalansa wachi French - akhoza.
Kukula kwake kwathunthu Mitundu ya Percheron anafika chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 20, pamene ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri paulimi ndi zoyendera. Ogwira ntchito ojambula a Percherons amatha kupezeka ku Australia, ku America komanso, m'maiko ambiri aku Europe. Kuswana mtunduwu m'zaka zimenezo inali bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Ndi mfundo zamakono, Wokwera pamahatchi ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.6 m pakufota, ndi chifuwa cha chifuwa cha mamitala 2. Thupi la nyama ndi laminyewa, lokhala ndi khosi lalikulu komanso chifuwa chachikulu, miyendo yake ndi yayitali, yopindika komanso yolimba.
Mutu si waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi, mbali yakutsogolo imakhala yotakata komanso yotakata, mphuno ndi yopanda pake. Chodabwitsa, anyamata akuluwa ali ndi maso akulu komanso owonekera bwino.
Percheron wamtali kwambiri, wokwera pahatchi yotchedwa Doctor Le Ger, anali wamtali osakwana 2.13 m komanso anali wolemera matani 1.37. Komanso, chosiyana kwambiri ndi magalimoto olemerawa ndi mane ndi mchira wawo wapamwamba. Panali nthawi yomwe michira ya akavalo amtunduwu idakokedwa kuti isamangiridwe mu zingwe. Tsopano, zikomo Mulungu, izi zasiyidwa.
Mtundu wa ma Percherons ndi wotuwa ndi maapulo kapena wakuda. Zoyeserera ndi zofiira sizodziwika kwenikweni. Monga magalimoto onse olemera, ma Percherons amadziwika chifukwa cha kuleza mtima kwawo, kupirira kwawo komanso mawonekedwe awo abwino.
Amaphunzira zonse mwachangu mokwanira ndipo amapatsidwa nzeru zambiri. Ndi mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino, ma Percherons ndiwokoma kwambiri komanso amayenda, munthu amatha kumva magazi otentha achiarabu, ngakhale gawo lake ndilopanda tanthauzo.
Tangoyang'anani chithunzi cha percheron, akulera kapena kuwuluka mofulumira, zikuwonekeratu kuti panali makolo ena akum'mawa kuno. Kuphatikiza pa mikhalidwe yonseyi, palinso imodzi, yamtengo wapatali - Mahatchi a Percheron ali ndiulendo wapadera, womwe umatsalira kulikonse.
Kusamalira akavalo a Percheron ndi mtengo
Percheron ndi kavalo wodzichepetsa. Nyama izi zimasinthasintha nyengo yatsopano, zimatha kupirira kutentha komanso chilimwe. Kukonzanso kosalekeza kwamtunduwu, kulowetsedwa kwamagazi atsopano, kunapangitsa kuti ma Percherons asatengeke ndi matenda ambiri.
Khola, pomwe ma Percherons amasungidwa, liyenera kukhala ndi malo oyeretsera ndikudyetsa akavalo, komanso malo ogulitsira nyama zomwe kupumula ndi kugona. Pakati pa makolawo, ma grate nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kuti mahatchi azionana.
Mateti a mphira amaikidwa pansi (izi zimachepetsa katunduyo pa miyendo ya nyama), udzu amaikidwa pamwamba kapena kutsanulira utuchi. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kwa khola, chakudya choyenera komanso kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndichinsinsi cha kavalo.
Mtengo wa Percheron ikufanana ndi kuyenera kwake ndi pakati pa 2000 mpaka 10000 US dollars. Mwana wamphongo amakhala wotsika mtengo, koma amakhala wolemetsa komanso wokwera mtengo kuwukweza. Mtengo wa stallion wokhala ndi makolo abwino komanso makolo odziwika bwino udzakhala dongosolo lalikulu, kapena awiri, okwera ndipo amakambirana payekhapayekha.
Chakudya
Monga akavalo ena, ma Percherons amadyetsedwa ndi njere (chimanga, oats) ndi udzu wabwino. Zakudyazo ziyeneranso kukhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba; zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zimalimbikitsidwa. M'nyengo yotentha, gulu la ma Percherons limathamangitsidwa kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Chifukwa chake, kwawo, ku Normandy, ndi nyengo yake yotentha, akavalo amadyetsedwa chaka chonse.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa kavalo wa Percheron
Zakale, mtundu wa Percheron wasintha kutengera zofunikira za nthawiyo. Choyamba panali kufunika kwa akavalo olimba okwera pamahatchi, kuphatikiza mphamvu zakuthupi zolemera komanso kuchepa kwa mitundu yamtundu.
Ndiye, pamene nthawi ya chivalry idafika poiwalika, nyama zimafunikira ulimi - a Percherons adalumikizidwa kukhasu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mahatchiwa adasintha ntchito yawo, ndikukhala akavalo ambiri.
Kusintha kulikonse koteroko kumatanthauza kuwoloka kwa nyama zoswana zakomweko ndiopanga akunja, atanyamula chimodzi kapena china. Kwa zaka zambiri, adasakanizidwa ndi mwazi wama Arab, Danish, English, komanso Bolognese wamba. Pamapeto pake, ma Percherons adayamba kugawidwa kukhala akulu ndi ang'ono. Woyamba anali zimaŵetedwa ntchito m'munda ndi zoyendera, wachiwiri - kukwera ndi positi.
Malo opangira kubzala kwa Percherons ndi chigawo cha France cha Perche, makamaka famu ya le Ara du Pins. Masiku ano, pagawo la chomeracho, pamakhala zokambirana mlungu uliwonse kwa alendo.
Ndipo pali china choti muwone - mahatchi agalu okonzekereratu, akumenya nkhondo mwamphamvu ndi chisomo, okwera pamahatchi kumbuyo kwa nyumba kuyambira 1715-1730.
Amuna okongolawa adabwera ku Russia mu 1891. Kuswana kwakunyumba kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi famu ya Khrenovsky, pomwe nthawi yake isanakwane mizere ingapo idapangidwa, koma umodzi wokha ndi womwe wapulumuka - Ixoda.
Zina zonse, zomwe sizinachite bwino, zinasowa, popeza ndalamazo zinali zopanda pake, ndipo kunalibe chilichonse chogula opanga atsopano akunja kuti apitirize kuswana. Lero, chomeracho, chomwe chidasamukira kudera la Ulyanovsk, chakhala chopanda phindu mwakuti chatsekedwa. Akavalo anali atagulitsidwa ku khola lawo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutenga mimba ku Percheron mares ndikosavuta modabwitsa, ana amphongo amabadwa athanzi komanso olimba. Nthawi yawo yaubwana imakhala pafupifupi zaka 2, panthawiyi muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zawo, komanso kupita nawo kumlengalenga momwe zingathere (nyengo ikuloleza).
Kusuntha kwa iwo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zakukula kwathanzi. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa zimphona zamtunduwu malinga ndi miyezo ya anthu ndizochepa - mpaka zaka 30. Ma Percherons amagwira ntchito mpaka 25.
