Anglers, kapena monkfish (Lophius) ndi nthumwi zowala kwambiri za nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray za banja la anglerfish ndi dongosolo la anglerfish. Anthu wamba okhala pansi amapezeka, monga lamulo, pamatope kapena mumchenga, nthawi zina theka-m'manda momwemo. Anthu ena amakhala pakati pa ndere kapena pakati pa miyala yayikulu.
Kufotokozera kwa monkfish
Kumbali zonse ziwiri za mutu wa monkfish, komanso m'mphepete mwa nsagwada ndi milomo, pali khungu lopindika lomwe limayenda m'madzi ndipo limafanana ndi ndere pakuwonekera. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, ma angler amakhala osadziwika kumbuyo kwa nthaka.
Maonekedwe
European angler fish amakhala ndi kutalika kwakanthawi kwamamita angapo, koma nthawi zambiri - osapitilira mita imodzi ndi theka... Kulemera kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 55.5-57.7 kg. Wokhala m'madzi amakhala ndi thupi lamaliseche lokutidwa ndimatumba angapo achikopa komanso ma tubercles owoneka bwino. Thupi limalimba, limapanikizika kumbuyo ndi m'mimba. Maso a Monkfish ndi ochepa, otalikirana. Mbali yakumbuyo imakhala yofiirira, yobiriwira yobiriwira kapena yofiira ndi mawanga akuda.
American anglerfish ili ndi thupi losapitilira 90-120 cm kutalika, lolemera makilogalamu 22.5-22.6. Black-bellied anglerfish ndi nsomba zakuya zam'madzi zotalika masentimita 50-100. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa West Atlantic anglerfish sikupitilira masentimita 60. Anglerfish yaku Burma, kapena Cape anglerfish, imadziwika ndi mutu wakuthwa kwambiri ndi mchira wofupikitsa, womwe umatenga zosakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Kukula kwa wamkulu sikupitilira mita.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mdierekezi ndi nsomba yapadera pamawonekedwe ndi moyo, yotha kuyenda pansi ndikulumpha kwapadera, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakumapeto kwa chikopa champhamvu.
Kutalika konse kwa thupi la Far East anglerfish ndi mita imodzi ndi theka. Wokhalamo m'madzi ali ndi mutu wawukulu wokulirapo. Pakamwa pake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndikutulutsa nsagwada zapansi, pomwe pamakhala mzere umodzi kapena iwiri ya mano. Khungu la monkfish lilibe mamba. Zipsepse za m'chiuno zimapezeka pakhosi. Zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa lobe mnofu. Minyezi itatu yoyamba ya dorsal fin ndiyosiyana. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira, ndi malo owala ozunguliridwa ndi malire amdima. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndi yakuda.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, anglerfish kapena ziwanda zoyambirira zidawoneka pa dziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, ngakhale anali ndi zaka zolemekezedwa chonchi, mawonekedwe a monkfish pakadali pano samamveka bwino.
Ndizosangalatsa! Njira imodzi yosakira nsomba zazing'ono ndi kulumpha ndi zipsepse kenako kumeza nyama yomwe wagwirayo.
Chinsomba chachikulu choterechi sichitha munthu, chifukwa cha kuzama komwe nsomba ya angler imakhazikika. Mukakwera kuchokera pansi kuti mwabereka, nsomba zomwe zili ndi njala zitha kuvulaza ena. Munthawi imeneyi, monkfish imatha kuluma dzanja la munthu.
Kodi anglers amakhala motalika bwanji
Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yolemba nsomba za American anglerfish ndi zaka makumi atatu... Nsomba zakuda zakuda akhala akukhala mwachilengedwe kwazaka pafupifupi makumi awiri. Kutalika kwa Cape Monkfish sikudutsa zaka khumi.
Mitundu ya monkfish
Mtundu wa Anglers umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo, yoyimiriridwa ndi:
- American anglerfish, kapena American monkfish (Lophius americanus);
- Black-bellied angler, kapena South angler angler, kapena budegasse angler (Lophius budegassa);
- West Atlantic anglerfish (Lophius gastrophysus);
- Monkfish yaku Far East kapena Far Eastern angler (Lophius litulon);
- European anglerfish, kapena European monkfish (Lophius piscatorius).
Amadziwikanso ndi mitundu ya South African anglerfish (Lophius vaillanti), Burmese kapena Cape anglerfish (Lophius vomerinus) ndi Lorkhius brashysomus Agassiz yemwe watha.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nsomba yakuda yakuda yayamba kufalikira kum'mawa kwa Atlantic, kuyambira ku Senegal mpaka ku Briteni Isles, komanso ku Mediterranean ndi Black Seas. Oimira mitundu ya West Atlantic anglerfish amapezeka kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, pomwe anglerfish iyi ndi nsomba yapansi, yomwe imakhala yakuya 40-700 m.
American monkfish ndi nsomba yakunyanja (pansi) yomwe imakhala m'madzi a Northwest Atlantic, pamadzi osapitirira 650-670 m.Mitunduyi idafalikira m'mbali mwa nyanja ya North America ya Atlantic. Kumpoto kwakatundu kake, American anglerfish amakhala m'malo akuya, ndipo kumwera, oimira mtunduwu nthawi zina amapezeka m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja.
European anglerfish imapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Atlantic, pafupi ndi magombe a Europe, kuchokera ku Barents Sea ndi Iceland mpaka ku Gulf of Guinea, komanso ku Black, North ndi Baltic Seas. Anglerfish ya ku Far Eastern ndi ya anthu okhala kunyanja ya Japan, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Korea, m'madzi a Peter the Great Bay, komanso pafupi ndi chilumba cha Honshu. Gawo lina la anthu limapezeka m'madzi a Okhotsk ndi Yellow Sea, m'mbali mwa Pacific Pacific ku Japan, m'madzi a East China ndi South China Seas.
Zakudya zazing'ono za nsomba
Zoyipa zomwe zimawabisalira zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuyembekezera nyama zawo osasunthika, kubisalira pansi komanso kuphatikiza kwathunthu. Zakudyazi zimayimiriridwa ndi nsomba ndi ma cephalopods osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza squid ndi cuttlefish. Nthawi zina anglerfish imadya mitundu yonse yovunda.
Ndi chikhalidwe cha zakudya zawo, ziwanda zonse zam'madzi ndizomwe zimadya nyama.... Maziko azakudya zawo amaimiridwa ndi nsomba zomwe zimakhala pansi pamadzi. M'mimba mwa nsomba za angler, pali ma gerbils, cheza chaching'ono ndi cod, ma eel ndi nsombazi zazing'ono, komanso chowuluka. Pafupifupi padziko lapansi, nyama zikuluzikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zimatha kusaka mackerel ndi herring. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino pomwe nsomba za angler zidaukira mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimayenda mwamtendere pamafunde.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakamwa pakatsegulidwa, zimatulutsa zotchedwa vacuum, momwe mtsinje wamadzi wokhala ndi nyamayo umathamangira mkamwa mwa wolusa nyama.
Chifukwa cha kubisa kwachilengedwe, nsomba ya angler yomwe imagona pansi siziwoneka. Pofuna kubisala, nyama yomwe imadya nyama zam'madzi imabisala pansi kapena kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira. Nyama zomwe zingakodwe zimakopeka ndi nyambo yapadera yowala yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mtundu wa ndodo, yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi cheza chakutsogolo chakumapeto kwake. Pakadali pano kupezeka kwa nkhanu, zopanda mafupa kapena nsomba zomwe zikukhudza Esca, monkfish yomwe ikubisalira imatsegula pakamwa pake.
Kubereka ndi ana
Anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakula msinkhu mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amuna a European anglerfish amakula msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (ndi thupi lathunthu la 50 cm). Amayi amakula okha ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi, pomwe anthu amafika pafupifupi mita imodzi kutalika. Angler aku Europe amabala nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Anthu onse akumpoto pafupi ndi Britain Isles amabala pakati pa Marichi ndi Meyi. Anthu onse akumwera omwe amakhala m'madzi pafupi ndi Iberian Peninsula amayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Juni.
Munthawi yakubala mwachangu, amuna ndi akazi omwe akuyimira mtundu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray za banja la anglerfish ndipo dongosolo la anglerfish limatsikira mpaka kufika mamita makumi anayi mpaka ma kilomita awiri. Atatsikira m'madzi akuya kwambiri, anglerfish yachikazi imayamba kutuluka, ndipo amuna amadziphimba ndi mkaka. Akangobereka, akazi achimuna okhwima mwauzimu ndi amuna akulu amasambira kupita kumadzi osaya, komwe amadyetsedwa mwamphamvu nthawi yophukira isanayambike. Kukonzekera kwa monkfish nyengo yachisanu kumachitika mozama kwambiri.
Mazira omwe amasungidwa ndi nsomba zam'nyanja amapanga mtundu wa riboni, wokutidwa ndimatope. Kutengera mtundu wamtundu wa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo, matayala onsewo amasiyanasiyana pakati pa 50-90 masentimita, ndi kutalika kwa mita eyiti mpaka khumi ndi iwiri ndi makulidwe a 4-6 mm. Nthiti zotere zimatha kuwoloka momasuka panyanja yamadzi. Clutch yapadera, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi mazira mamiliyoni angapo, omwe amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake ndikukhala ndi gawo limodzi mkati mwamaselo apadera azithunzithunzi.
Popita nthawi, makoma a maselo amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chifukwa cha madontho amafuta omwe ali mkati mwa mazirawo, amalephera kukhazikika pansi ndipo kuyandama kwaulere m'madzi kumachitika. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphutsi zoswedwa ndi akulu ndiko kusapezeka kwa thupi lathyathyathya ndi zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral.
Chikhalidwe cha zipsepse zakumapazi ndi mapiko amchiuno chimayimiliridwa ndi cheza chakutali kwambiri. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta anglerfish timakhala m'madzi masabata angapo. Zakudyazi zimayimiriridwa ndi ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono, omwe amanyamulidwa ndi mitsinje yamadzi, komanso mphutsi za nsomba zina ndi mazira a pelagic.
Ndizosangalatsa! Oimira mitundu ya European Monkfish ali ndi caviar yayikulu ndipo m'mimba mwake akhoza kukhala 2-4 mm. Caviar yomwe idapangidwa ndi American anglerfish ndiyochepa, ndipo m'mimba mwake sichipitilira 1.5-1.8 mm.
Pakukula ndi chitukuko, mphutsi za anglerfish zimasintha mtundu, zomwe zimasintha pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe amthupi mpaka mawonekedwe a akulu. Nsomba za angler zikafika kutalika kwa 6.0-8.0 mm, zimamira kwambiri. Ana okwanira mokwanira amakhala pansi pakatikati, ndipo nthawi zina achinyamata amayandikira kufupi ndi gombe. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa ziwanda zam'nyanja kumathamanga kwambiri, kenako kukula kwa zamoyo zam'madzi kumachepa kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Nsomba Angler m'malo adyera ndi ovuta kwambiri okhala m'madzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kufa msanga. Kukhala ndi kamwa yayikulu kwambiri ndi mimba yayikulu, oimira onse a anglerfish oda ndi mtundu wa Anglerfish amatha kutenga nyama yayikulu kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za m'madzi za m'nyanja samapezeka konse, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, kutha kubisala ndikukhala mozama kwambiri.
Mano akuthwa komanso aatali a msaki wa m'nyanja samalola kuti nyamayo itaye nyama yake, ngakhale siyikwanira m'mimba. Nsomba zimatsamwa mosavuta ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri ndikufa. Palinso milandu yodziwika bwino pamene monkfish wogwidwa m'mimba adapezeka kuti ali ndi nyama zochepa masentimita ochepa kuposa kukula kwa chilombocho.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Nsomba yotchuka yamalonda ndi European anglerfish, yomwe nyama yake ndi yoyera, yolimba komanso yopanda mafupa. Nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi za European anglerfish zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa matani 25-34 zikwi. Kusodza nsomba za monkfish kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito timitengo ta pansi, maukonde ndi mizere yapansi. Zambiri zimayikidwa m'migodi ku France ndi Great Britain.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale mawonekedwe a anglerfish onyansa komanso osakopa, wokhala m'madzi wodya nyama ngati uyu ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kukoma.
Nyama ya Monkfish ndiyabwino, yotsekemera komanso yosakhwima, mosasinthasintha, koma ndi mafuta ochepa. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mukatsuka gawo lalikulu la nsomba zoterezi zimangowonongeka, ndipo pakudya, mbali yakumbuyo yamthupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yoyimiriridwa ndi mchira wa monkfish.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Barracuda
- Marlin
- Moray
- Dontho
West Atlantic anglerfish ndi ya gulu la nsomba zamalonda... Dziko lapansi limagwira matani zikwi zisanu ndi zinayi. Malo opangira kwambiri ndi Brazil. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo ndi Greenpeace, American monkfish idayikidwa pa Special Seafood Red List, yomwe imayimilidwa ndi mitundu ya nsomba yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chotenga malonda yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha kuwedza kwambiri. Chiwindi ndi nyama ya nsomba zodyera pansi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizakudya zabwino, zomwe zidadzetsa chiwopsezo chowonjezeka ndikuwopseza kutha, chifukwa chake ku England kukhazikitsidwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kugulitsa nsomba m'masitolo angapo mdzikolo.
