Magot

Magot amakhala kumpoto kwa Africa ndipo, makamaka, amakhala ku Europe. Awa ndi anyani okha omwe amakhala ku Europe mu chilengedwe - momwe angatchulidwire, popeza akuyesetsa m'njira zonse kuti ateteze ku ngozi ndikupereka zonse zomwe angafune. Wolemba mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Magot

Mafotowa anafotokozedwa mu 1766 ndi K. Linnaeus, kenako adalandira dzina la sayansi la Simia inuus. Kenako anasintha kangapo, ndipo tsopano dzina la mitundu iyi m'Chilatini ndi Macaca sylvanus. Matsenga ndi a m'gulu la anyani, ndipo chiyambi chake chimamveka bwino. Anzake apamtima anyani anawoneka mu nyengo ya Cretaceous, ndipo ngati kale ankakhulupirira kuti anauka pafupifupi kumapeto kwenikweni, zaka 75-66 miliyoni zapitazo, posachedwapa lingaliro lina ndilofala kwambiri: kuti amakhala padziko lapansi pafupifupi 80-105 zaka miliyoni zapitazo.

Zambiri zotere zidapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamaola, ndipo nyani woyamba wotsimikizika, purgatorius, adangowonekera kutha kwa Cretaceous-Paleogene, wakale kwambiri wazaka pafupifupi 66 miliyoni. Kukula kwake, nyama iyi imafanana ndi mbewa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amawoneka ngati. Ankakhala mumitengo ndipo ankadya tizilombo.

Kanema: Magot

Imodzi ndi izo, nyama zoterozo zokhudzana ndi anyani monga mapiko aubweya (zimawerengedwa kuti ndi oyandikira kwambiri) ndipo mileme idawonekera. Nyani zoyambilira zidayamba ku Asia, kuchokera kumeneko adakhazikika koyamba ku Europe, kenako ku North America. Kuphatikiza apo, anyani aku America adakula mosiyana ndi omwe adatsalira ku Old World, ndipo adadziwa South America, kupitilira mamiliyoni ambiri azaka zopitilira izi ndikuzolowera kuzikhalidwe zakomweko, kusiyana kwawo kudakhala kwakukulu.

Woyimira woyamba kudziwika wa banja la anyani, komwe mphutsi ili, ali ndi dzina lovuta nsungwepitek. Anyaniwa amakhala padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 25 miliyoni zapitazo, zotsalira zawo zidapezeka mu 2013, anyani akale asanatchulidwe kuti Victoriopithecus. Mtundu wama macaque udawonekera pambuyo pake - zakale zakale zidapitilira zaka 5 miliyoni - ndipo awa ndi mafupa a magotolo. Zotsalira za anyaniwa zimapezeka ku Europe konse, mpaka kum'mawa kwa Europe, ngakhale kuti masiku ano akhala ku Gibraltar ndi North Africa kokha.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Kodi magotolo amawoneka bwanji

Mphutsi, monga ma macaque ena, ndi ochepa: amuna ndi 60-70 cm kutalika, kulemera kwawo ndi 10-16 kg, akazi ndi ocheperako - 50-60 cm ndi 6-10 kg. Nyani ali ndi khosi lalifupi, maso oyandikira amakhala pamutu. Maso enieni ndi ochepa, irises ake ndi abulauni. Makutu a Magot ndi ang'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi osawoneka, komanso ozungulira.

Nkhopeyo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo yazunguliridwa ndi tsitsi. Malo okhawo khungu pakati pamutu ndi pakamwa ndilopanda ubweya ndipo ali ndi utoto wa pinki. Komanso, kulibe tsitsi kumapazi ndi kanjedza; thupi lonse la magotilo lakutidwa ndi ubweya wokulirapo wautali wapakatikati. Pamimba, mthunzi wake ndi wopepuka, wachikasu wowongoka. Kumbuyo ndi kumutu kuli kofiyira, kofiirira-chikasu. Mthunzi wa chovalacho umatha kusiyanasiyana: ena amakhala ndi imvi, ndipo amatha kukhala opepuka kapena akuda kwambiri, maginito ena amakhala ndi malaya oyandikira chikasu kapena bulauni. Ena amakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wosiyana.

Ubweya wonenepa umalola kuti njenjete ipirire kuzizira, ngakhale kuzizira kozizira, ngakhale izi sizodabwitsa kwambiri m'malo awo. Alibe mchira, ndichifukwa chake limodzi la mayina amachokera - opanda zingwe. Koma nyani ali ndi zotsalira: njira yaying'ono kwambiri pamalo pomwe iyenera kukhala, kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 2 cm.

Miyendo ya magotoyi ndi yayitali, makamaka yakutsogolo, komanso yocheperako; koma nthawi yomweyo ali ndi minyewa, ndipo nyani ndizabwino kwambiri nawo. Amatha kulumpha patali, mwachangu komanso mosalimba kukwera mitengo kapena miyala - ndipo ambiri amakhala kumapiri komwe luso ili ndilofunikira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali nthano yoti anyaniwo atangotayika ku Gibraltar, olamulira aku Britain azigawo lino atha.

Kodi magoth amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Macaque magot

Ma macaque awa amakhala m'maiko anayi:

• Tunisia;
• Algeria;
• Morocco;
• Gibraltar (wolamulidwa ndi UK).

Odziwika ngati anyani okha omwe amakhala ku Europe mu chilengedwe. M'mbuyomu, magulu awo anali otakata kwambiri: munthawi zamakedzana, amakhala ku Europe ndi madera akulu ku North Africa. Kutha pafupifupi kwathunthu ku Europe ndi chifukwa cha Ice Age, zomwe zidawapangitsa kuzizira kwambiri.

Koma ngakhale posachedwapa, magotoyi amapezeka m'malo okulirapo - koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazo. Kenako anakumana m'malo ambiri ku Morocco komanso kumpoto kwa Algeria. Pakadali pano, ndi anthu okhawo m'mapiri a Rif kumpoto kwa Morocco, magulu obalalika ku Algeria, ndi anyani ochepa ku Tunisia omwe atsala.

Amatha kukhala m'mapiri (koma osaposa 2,300 mita) komanso m'zigwa. Anthu adawayendetsa kupita kumapiri: malowa alibe anthu ambiri, motero kumakhala chete pang'ono kumeneko. Chifukwa chake, magotolo amakhala m'malo am'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango: amapezeka m'mitengo ya thundu kapena ya spruce, yomwe ili ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri a Atlas. Ngakhale koposa zonse amakonda mkungudza ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi nawo. Koma samakhazikika m'nkhalango yowirira, koma pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, komwe siyofala kwambiri, amathanso kukhala m'malo odulidwa, ngati pali tchire.

Munthawi ya Ice Age, adazimiririka ku Europe konse, ndipo adabweretsedwa ku Gibraltar ndi anthu, ndipo kuitanitsa kwina kudapangidwa kale munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, popeza anthu akumaloko adatsala pang'ono kutha. Panali mphekesera zoti Churchill adalamula izi, ngakhale izi sizinafotokozeredwe bwino. Tsopano mukudziwa kumene kuli magotolo. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe macaque amadya.

Kodi magothoni amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Monkey Magot

Zosankha zamatsenga zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha nyama ndi mbewu. Yotsirizira ndiye gawo lake lalikulu. Anyaniwa amadya:

• zipatso;
• zimayambira;
• masamba;
• maluwa;
• mbewu;
• khungwa;
• mizu ndi mababu.

Ndiye kuti, amatha kudya pafupifupi gawo lililonse la chomeracho, ndipo mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndi udzu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, njala siziwopseza. Zomera zina zimakonda kukhala ndi masamba kapena maluwa, zina zimakumba mosamala kuti zifike kuzu lokoma.

Koma koposa zonse amakonda zipatso: choyambirira, awa ndi nthochi, komanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana za citrus, tomato wokhathamira, grenadilla, mango ndi zina zomwe zimafanana ndi nyengo yotentha yaku North Africa. Amathanso kutenga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, nthawi zina amapanganso minda yam'mudzimo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yazosankha imachepa kwambiri, magulo amayenera kudya masamba kapena masingano, kapenanso makungwa amtengo. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, chifukwa ndizosavuta kugwira nyama zina pamenepo.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Nkhono;
• nyongolotsi;
• Zhukov;
• akangaude;
• nyerere;
• agulugufe;
• dzombe;
• nkhono;
• zinkhanira.

Monga tingawonere pamndandandawu, amangokhala ndi nyama zazing'ono, makamaka tizilombo, samachita kusaka nyama zazikulu, ngakhale kukula kwa kalulu.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Magot kuchokera ku Red Book

Matsenga amakhala m'magulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala anthu khumi ndi awiri kapena anayi. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi gawo lake, komanso lokulirapo. Amafuna malo ambiri oti azidyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku: amayenda mozungulira malo ochuluka kwambiri ndi gulu lawo lonse. Nthawi zambiri amapanga bwalo ndi utali wozungulira wa makilomita 3-5 ndikuyenda mtunda wautali tsiku limodzi, koma kumapeto kwawo amabwerera kumalo komwe adayambira ulendowu. Amakhala m'dera lomwelo, samasamukira kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, chifukwa chake malo omwe anyani ankakhalako amawabwezeretsanso.

Pambuyo pake, maginito sangapitilize kukhala ndi moyo ndikudya, ndipo akuyenera kufunafuna zatsopano. Nthawi zina kusamuka kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe: zaka zowonda, chilala, nyengo yozizira - kumapeto kwake, vuto silimakhala kuzizira lokha, chifukwa maginito sasamala, koma chifukwa choti kulibe chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, gululi limakula kwambiri mpaka limagawika pakati, ndipo lomwe langopangidwa kumene limapita kukafunafuna gawo latsopano.

Kukwera masana, monga anyani ena ambiri, agawika magawo awiri: masana ndi pambuyo pake. Cha m'ma 12 koloko masana, nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, nthawi zambiri amapuma mumthunzi pansi pa mitengo. Ana amatenga masewera panthawiyi, akulu akupesa ubweya. Kutentha masana, gulu la ziweto 2-4 nthawi zambiri limasonkhana pamalo amodzi othirira nthawi imodzi. Amakonda kulumikizana ndipo amachita izi nthawi zonse kukwera masana komanso kutchuthi. Pazolumikizirana, mawu amitundu ingapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope, mawonekedwe, ndi manja.

Amayenda ndi miyendo inayi, nthawi zina amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyesera kukwera kwambiri momwe angathere kuti adziwe malo ozungulira ndikuwona ngati pali china chodyera pafupi. Amatha kukwera mitengo ndi miyala. Madzulo amakhala usiku. Nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku wonse mumitengo, ndikupanga chisa chawo panthambi zolimba. Zisa zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale zimatha kupanga zatsopano tsiku lililonse. M'malo mwake, nthawi zina amagona usiku m'miyala.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Magoth Cub

Magulu anyaniwa ali ndi malo olowera mkati, azimayi pamutu. Udindo wawo ndiwokwera, ndizazimayi zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayang'anira anyani onse mgululi. Koma amuna alpha amakhalaponso, komabe, amatsogolera amuna okhaokha ndikumvera akazi "olamulira".

Magileti samakonda kuchitirana nkhanza, ndipo amene ali wofunikira kwambiri samapezeka pakumenyana, koma mwavomerezo la anyani omwe ali mgululi. Komabe, mikangano pagululi imachitika, koma kangapo kuposa mitundu ina ya anyani.

Kubereka kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, makamaka kuyambira Novembala mpaka February. Mimba imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako mwana amabadwa - mapasa ndi ochepa. Mwana wakhanda amalemera magalamu 400-500, amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wofewa wakuda.

Poyamba, amakhala nthawi zonse ndi amayi ake m'mimba, koma enanso omwe ali mgululi amayamba kumusamalira, osati azimayi okha, komanso amuna. Nthawi zambiri, mwamuna aliyense amasankha mwana wake wokondedwa ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali limodzi ndi iye, kumusamalira: kuyeretsa chovala chake ndikusangalatsa.

Amuna onga iwo, kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti adziwonetse okha kwa amuna kuchokera mbali yabwino, chifukwa akazi amadzisankhira anzawo pakati pa omwe adadziwonetsa bwino polumikizana ndi ana. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa sabata lachiwiri la moyo, timagulu tating'onoting'ono titha kuyenda tokha, koma pamaulendo ataliatali, mayiyo amapitilizabe kunyamula.

Amadyetsa mkaka wa mayi m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira yamoyo, kenako amayamba kudya okha, limodzi ndi aliyense. Pakadali pano, ubweya wawo umawala - mwa anyani achichepere kwambiri pafupifupi wakuda. Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, achikulire amakhala atasiya kusewera nawo; m'malo mwake, matsenga achichepere amatha nthawi akusewera anzawo.

Pofika chaka amakhala atadziyimira pawokha, koma amakhala okhwima pakadutsa nthawi yayitali: akazi sanakwanitse zaka zitatu, ndipo amuna amakhala azaka zisanu. Amakhala zaka 20-25, akazi motalikirapo, mpaka zaka 30.

Adani achilengedwe a Magots

Chithunzi: Gibraltar magot

Mwachilengedwe, mfuti zilibe mdani, popeza ku North-West Africa kuli nyama zazikulu zochepa zomwe zingawaopseze. Kum'maŵa, kuli ng'ona, kumwera, mikango ndi akambuku, koma kudera lomwe macaquewa amakhala, kulibe. Kuopsa kokha kumayimiriridwa ndi ziombankhanga zazikulu.

Nthawi zina amasaka anyaniwa: choyambirira, ana, chifukwa akulu amakhala atakulirapo kale. Powona mbalame yomwe ikufuna kuukira, ziphuphu zimayamba kufuula, kuchenjeza amitundu anzawo za zoopsazo, ndi kubisala.

Adani owopsa kwambiri anyaniwa ndi anthu. Monga momwe zilili ndi nyama zina zambiri, ndichifukwa cha zochita za anthu komwe anthu amachepetsa. Ndipo izi sizitanthauza kuwonongedwa kwachindunji nthawi zonse: kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumayambitsidwa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndikusintha kwa anthu kukhala malo okhala maginito.

Koma palinso kulumikizana kwachindunji: alimi ku Algeria ndi ku Morocco nthawi zambiri amapha mfuti ngati tizirombo, nthawi zina izi zimachitika mpaka lero. Anyaniwa ankagulitsidwa, ndipo opha nyama mopha chilolezo akupitirizabe kutero masiku ano. Mavuto omwe atchulidwawa amangokhudza Africa yokha; palibe zoopseza zilizonse ku Gibraltar.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pakufukula ku Novgorod mu 2003, chigaza cha magoteni chidapezeka - nyani amakhala mchaka chimodzi mu theka lachiwiri la XII kapena koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XIII. Mwina zidaperekedwa kwa kalonga ndi olamulira achiarabu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Kodi magotolo amawoneka bwanji

Kumpoto kwa Africa, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, pali 8,000 mpaka 16,000 Magoths. Mwa chiwerengerochi, pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu ali ku Morocco, ndipo kotala lomwe latsala, pafupifupi onse ali ku Algeria. Pali ochepa omwe atsala ku Tunisia, ndipo anyani 250 - 300 amakhala ku Gibraltar.

Ngati mkatikati mwa zaka zapitazi, kutha kwa ziwopsezo kudawopseza anthu aku Gibraltar, koma tsopano, m'malo mwake, ndiokhayo okhazikika: mzaka zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa Magots ku Gibraltar kwakula pang'ono. Ku Africa, ikugwa pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake ma macaque adasankhidwa kukhala mitundu yazowonongeka.

Zonse ndizosiyana pakuyandikira: akuluakulu aku Gibraltar ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi kusungidwa kwa anthu akumaloko, ndipo m'maiko aku Africa nkhawa zotere sizikuwoneka. Zotsatira zake, mwachitsanzo, ngati anyaniwo adawononga mbewuzo, ku Gibraltar azilipira, koma ku Morocco palibe chomwe chidzapezeke.

Chifukwa chake kusiyana kwamalingaliro: alimi ku Africa akuyenera kuyimirira kuti ateteze zofuna zawo, chifukwa chake nthawi zina amawombera anyani omwe amadya malo awo. Ngakhale a Magots amakhala ku Europe kuyambira nthawi zakale, koma mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro amtundu, zidatsimikizika kuti anthu amakono aku Gibraltar adachokera ku Africa, ndipo choyambiriracho chidatha.

Zinadziwika kuti makolo apamtima kwambiri amakono a Gibraltar Magots amachokera ku Moroccan ndi Algeria, koma palibe amene anali ochokera ku Iberia. Koma adabweretsedwako Britain asanawonekere ku Gibraltar: mwachidziwikire, adatengeredwa ndi a Moor pomwe anali ndi Peninsula ya Iberia.

Kulondera Ziphuphu

Chithunzi: Magot kuchokera ku Red Book

Mitundu iyi ya anyani imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book ngati ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwake ndi kocheperako ndipo kumawonjezeka. Komabe, m'malo omwe muli matsenga ochulukirapo, pakadali pano pali njira zochepa zomwe zachitidwa kuti zitetezedwe. Anyani akupitiliza kuwonongedwa ndikugwidwa kuti agulitsidwe m'magulu azinsinsi.

Koma osachepera ku Gibraltar, ayenera kusungidwa, popeza pali njira zingapo zomwe zikutengedwa kuti ziteteze anthu am'deralo, mabungwe angapo akuchita izi nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, tsiku lililonse, mfuti zimaperekedwa ndi madzi abwino, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zakudya zina - ngakhale zimangopitilira kudya m'malo awo achilengedwe.

Izi zimathandiza kulimbikitsa kuberekana kwa anyani chifukwa zimadalira chakudya chochuluka. Kugwira ndi kuwunika zaumoyo kumachitika pafupipafupi, zimajambulidwa ndi manambala, komanso zimalandiranso ma microchips apadera. Ndi zida izi, munthu aliyense amawerengedwa mosamala.

Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa chakuchezera pafupipafupi ndi alendo, maginito aku Gibraltar adadalira kwambiri anthu, adayamba kuyendera mzindawu kukafuna chakudya ndikusokoneza dongosolo. Chifukwa cha izi, sikuthekanso kudyetsa anyani mumzinda, chifukwa kuphwanya muyenera kulipira chindapusa. Koma magotolowa adatha kubwerera kumalo awo achilengedwe: tsopano amadyetsedwa kumeneko.

Magot - nyani amakhala wamtendere komanso wopanda chitetezo pamaso pa anthu.Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa chaka ndi chaka, komanso malo omwe amakhala, ndipo kuti athetse izi, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti awateteze. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera, njira izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anyani a Gibraltar kunakhazikika.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.08.2019 chaka

Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:47