Dzina lina la Indo-bakha ndi musk bakha. Kalekale chodabwitsa ichi M'nyumba ankakhala kuthengo, koma adayesedwa bwino ndikuweta zoweta ndi Aaziteki ku Latin America. M'dera la Russian Federation, mbalameyi idayamba kuphunzitsidwa mzaka za m'ma 20-30 za m'ma 1900. Anayamba kuswana mochuluka monga ziweto.
Nyama yamphongo yamkati imakhala yotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwapadera komanso kugaya mosavuta. M'mayiko aku Europe, chiwindi cha mbalame ndichofunika kwambiri. Mbalameyi imafalikira pafupifupi m'maiko onse padziko lapansi chifukwa chobala zipatso kwambiri. Munthu wamkulu m'modzi mwa miyezi 12 amatha kutulutsa mazira opitilira zana ndikutulutsa anapiye opitilira 70.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Indootka
Bakha la muscovy limayimira zovuta, limakhala m'gulu la mbalame, lomwe limaperekedwa ku Anseriformes, banja la bakha, mtundu ndi mitundu ya muscovies. Bakha wa Muscovy, kapena momwe amatchulidwanso kuti Woody, adadziwika chifukwa chodziwika bwino chopeza mafuta m'mutu. Olemba akale ndi ofufuza ankanena kuti mapangidwe awa ali ndi fungo linalake la musk-nut. Komabe, asayansi amakono sangatsimikizire izi.
Kanema: M'nyumba
Malinga ndi mitundu ina yomwe idalipo, dzina la bakha wa muscovy limafanana kwambiri ndi dzina la midzi yakale yaku India yomwe ili m'chigawo chapakati ku Colombia, kapena Russia, yomwe idatchedwa "Muscovia". Malinga ndi malipoti ena, abakhawa amabwera ku Russia ndi ogwira ntchito pakampani yamalonda ya Moscow Company, yotchuka nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine II. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mbalame m'mabuku olemba kumachitika mu 1553. Piedro Ceci de Leon adalongosola koyamba za mbalameyi polenga, The Chronicle of Peru.
Pambuyo pake izi zidatchulidwa m'bukuli, mbalamezo zidabweretsedwa ku Africa, mayiko angapo ku Europe ndi Asia. Ngakhale Australia ndi Russia sizinali zosiyana. Abakha a Muscovy adayamba kubwera ku USSR kuchokera ku GDR mu 1981. Mu 1988, adabweretsedwa ku Russia wambiri kuchokera ku France. Poyamba, Amayi achikazi anali mbalame zamtchire zomwe zimakhala zambiri ku South America ndi Mexico. Aaztec mwachangu komanso mosamalitsa amaweta mbalamezo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame M'nyumba
Maonekedwe a mbalamezi amasiyana kutengera mitundu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhuku, iliyonse ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Azimayi m'nyumba amatha kukhala ndi mitundu iyi:
- zoyera;
- bulauni;
- galimoto;
- chakuda ndi choyera;
- Violet;
- mitundu yobiriwira;
- chofiira.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame zoweta zimasiyana kukula komanso mawonekedwe ake kuchokera ku mbalame zamtchire. Abakha achilengedwe amakhala pafupifupi 1.5-2 ocheperako komanso opepuka kuposa omwe amakhala kunyumba. Kulemera kwa thupi la nkhuku kumakhala pakati pa 4.5 mpaka 6 kilogalamu. Mwachilengedwe, mwachilengedwe, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawu amdima, osasintha. Anthu apakhomo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yowala, yodzaza.
Amayi azimayi ali ndi zizindikilo zakunja zomwe zimapezeka mu mitundu iyi ya mbalame zokha. Ali ndi thupi lokwanira komanso chifuwa chokulirapo. Thupi limakhala ndi malekezero pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe a ellipse. Abakha amtunduwu afotokoza zakugonana - amuna ndi akulu kuposa azimayi.
Mbalame zili ndi khosi lalifupi, ndi miyendo yaifupi yochepa koma yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi zotupa zambiri. Miyendo ili ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa. Mbali ina yapadera imatha kutchedwa yamphamvu, yayikulu komanso yolimba moyandikana ndi mapiko amthupi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Palibe kusintha kwa thupi la abakha a Indo, omwe amadziwika ndi oimira ambiri a Anseriformes.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono. Mlomo wokwera komanso wopingasa uli pamenepo. Maso ndi ochepa, mozungulira iwo pali zikopa za khungu lofiira. Amatchulidwa kwambiri mwa akazi, komanso momveka bwino mwa amuna. Kukula kowoneka bwino kwambiri kumafotokozeredwa mwa amuna, kumakweza malo, udindo. Palinso nthenga yaying'ono pamutu.
Ngati mbalameyo ili ndi mantha, kapena ikumva kuti ikuyandikira, ngoziyo imamveka ndikututumuka. Abakha ali ndi nthenga zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapanga chivundikiro cholimba, chopanda madzi. Izi zimapangitsa mbalame kukhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi Indo-mkazi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: M'nyumba m'madzi
Mukakhala m'malo achilengedwe, mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri matupi amadzi, makamaka mathithi. M'madera amenewa mumapezeka tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Amayi Amayi Amamva bwino ngakhale opanda madzi, pamtunda. Masiku ano, Amayi achikazi amafalitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ngati nkhuku. Amalimidwa kuti apeze nyama, mazira, komanso nyama zokongola, zoweta.
Mexico, Central ndi South America amadziwika kuti kwawo ndi mbalame. Poyamba, mitundu ya mbalameyi idakhala kumadera otentha. Ngati azimayi a Indo amakhala m'malo abwino kwa iwo, samakonda mafuta, ndipo nyama yawo imakhala yofewa komanso yosavuta kudya.
Zosangalatsa: Nyama ya bakha yofiira ndi yofiira, osati yoyera ngati nkhuku zina.
Ndi chifukwa cha mikhalidwe iyi yomwe mbalameyi imasamalidwa bwino, mkati mwa nthaka yaulimi komanso pamalonda. Masiku ano, kuthengo mwachilengedwe, malo okhala mbalamezi ndi ochepa.
Malo okhala azimayi m'nyumba mwachilengedwe:
- South America;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Argentina;
- Peru;
- Uruguay.
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimakhazikika pafupi ndi magwero amadzi, madambo ndi nkhalango. Amakonda kupanga chisa makamaka mumitengo. Amakhalanso nthawi yayitali kumeneko. Izi zimathandizidwa ndimiyendo yayifupi koma yolimba.
Kodi mayi wa Indo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: M'nyumba Yoyera
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe zimadya mizu, mbewu, zimayambira ndi masamba, makamaka zomera zam'madzi. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu zazing'ono zimathandizanso pakuwonjezera zakudya zazomera. Abakha amadya kwambiri. Mukasungidwa kunyumba, mbalame zimafunikira chakudya chocheperako kangapo kuposa mitundu ina ya nkhuku.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mukasunga mbalame kunyumba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chakudya ndi madzi otentha zitha kuyambitsa matenda ambiri.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kunyumba:
- phala;
- tirigu;
- chimanga;
- barele wokhazikika;
- beets;
- chisakanizo chabwino cha zitsamba;
- nsonga za chakudya kapena beets.
Mukamayang'anira nkhuku kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi zowonjezera mchere pazakudya zawo. Mwakutero, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zamagulu, zipolopolo, choko. Monga chovala chapamwamba, m'pofunika kuthira mchere m'madzi ndikuwonjezera pazakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, obereketsa mbalame amalangizidwa kuti aziwonjezera chisakanizo cha granite ndi fiber kwa odyetsa.
Ngati mbalame zikusowa mavitamini, mchere, kapena chakudya sichokwanira, zimatha kuchita zinthu zomwe sizingafanane nazo. Amamwa mazira awoawo, nthenga zawo, kapena amadya zofunda. Uku ndikuyitanitsa ndipo kumatanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuyambiranso zakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndikoyenera kusamala osati zakudya zokha, komanso kayendedwe kabwino. Njira yovomerezeka ndikudya katatu patsiku. Mmawa wa m'mawa, thupi limafikitsa chakudya chonyowa koposa zonse - nsonga, beet wa chakudya, masana ndi bwino kupatsa chakudya chouma - chimanga ndi zitsamba. Amayi achikazi amawonjezera bwino misa pa chimanga, pomwe amawakonda kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Indootka
Mwachilengedwe, abakha amtchire amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pafupi ndi madzi osiyanasiyana. Magulu ambiri amapangidwa kawirikawiri, makamaka pakati pa kuswana. Kusamuka ndikwachilendo pamitundu iyi ya mbalame. Mbalame zimakonda kwambiri madzi, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakonda kusambira m'madzi ofunda, chifukwa alibe mafuta okwanira ophimba nthenga. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbalamezi zisambe m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, chifukwa chophimba cha nthenga chimatha kuzizira ndipo mbalameyo imira.
Akasungidwa kunyumba, bakha amakula gawo lawo mwachangu, amazolowera ndikuyesera kuti asachoke. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a miyendo ndi kukhalapo kwa zikhadabo zolimba, zakuthwa pa iwo, mbalame zimatha kumanga zisa panthambi zamitengo.
Mbalamezi ndizodekha komanso zosasunthika. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi - kukangana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizosaloledwa kuzisunga pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Chifukwa cha khalidweli ndi mpikisano komanso kulimbana ndi chakudya. Pachifukwa chomwechi, kuwonongera anapiye kumatha kuwonedwa. Bakha wamatabwa amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yodekha. Nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi mawu. Ngati bakha akumana ndi mavuto, amasiya kuikira mazira.
Chosangalatsa: Malo omwe bakha amasungidwa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi magalasi osweka, zidutswa zachitsulo, zokutira zachitsulo, ndi zina zambiri. Chilichonse chomwe chimawala chimakopa chidwi cha mbalame kwambiri. Zowopsa ndizoti izi zitha kudyedwa.
Mukakhala pakhomo, mbalame zimayenera kupanga malo abwino ndikukonzekeretsa nyumbayo ndi kutentha, kapena kumanga chisa chofunda. Ndiyeneranso kusamala ndi kupezeka kwa chisa ndi malo amlengalenga. Mbalame siziyenera kukhala moyandikana. Malo abwino okwanira ndi lalikulu mita imodzi ya akulu atatu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Amphaka
Chikhalidwe chamtundu wa abakha amtunduwu ndikulephera kupanga awiriawiri, okhazikika. Kuti muzitha kubereka mbalame kunyumba, muyenera kusankha mwamuna wabwino. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu, ikatchulidwa, kukula kwakukulu mozungulira maso. Kuchokera kwa wamwamuna wotere, mudzakhala ndi ana athanzi komanso olimba.
Ndizosavomerezeka kuti muphatikize mzimu wa anthu amtundu umodzi. Pakufulumira kubereketsa mbalame kunyumba, m'pofunika kusankha wamwamuna m'modzi yekha, popeza kukhalapo kwa amuna angapo kumatha kubweretsa kulimbana kwawo kosalekeza, ndipo yaikazi siyikhala ndi umuna. Izi zipangitsa kuti mbeu ikhale yofooka komanso yosasunthika.
Mzimayi mmodzi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 7-10 ndipo amawafungatira muchisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 35. Sizachilendo kuti akazi amaikira mazira mosakhazikika. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kumanga zisa pasadakhale pomwe mkazi adzaikira mazira. Nthawi zambiri, mazira amayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi yomwe mkazi amayamba kukulira mazira, ndiyofunika kusamala ndi zakudya, mavitamini ndi michere yomwe imakhalamo. Ndiyeneranso kuyika thanki lamadzi pafupi ndi chisa.
Chosangalatsa: Sizachilendo kuti akazi aziwonetsa chidwi ndi ana. Munthawi yokakamira, yaikazi ikawona anapiye aang'ono a ena, imatha kusiya chisa chawo ndikupita ndi anapiye a anthu ena.
Ngati anapiye aswa kunyumba, adzafunika kuthandizidwa m'masiku ochepa oyambilira. Ayenera kugulitsidwa, kutenthetsedwa ndi kudyetsedwa, chifukwa sangathe kumwa ndikudya paokha. Patatha masiku angapo, mutha kuwatumiza ku bakha. Kudyetsa kuyenera kuyamba ndi dzira yolk. Pang'onopang'ono, zakudyazo zimakulitsa ndikubzala ndi zinthu zatsopano. Munthu wathanzi kuchokera ku ana atsopano pakadutsa masiku 2-3 kuyambira tsiku lobadwa amalemera magalamu 60-65, molimba mtima amakhala ndi miyendo, mtundu wa maula ndi wachikasu.
Anthu amakula msinkhu pa tsiku la 200. Bakha wamatabwa nthawi zambiri amawoloka ndi mbalame zamitundu ina. Pankhaniyi, amatha kubereka ana olimba, koma osabala. Zaka zapakati pa moyo wa munthu m'modzi wosamalidwa bwino zitha kufikira zaka 20. Komabe, palibe amene amasunga nkhuku zambiri. Amuna nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mpaka zaka 6, akazi - mpaka 3. Ziweto zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangidwira nyama, zimaphedwa mwezi wachiwiri wamoyo.
Tsopano mukudziwa masiku angati indowka imakhala pamazira. Tiyeni tiwone yemwe amasaka bakha wa musk kuthengo.
Adani achilengedwe a Indo-dots
Chithunzi: Mbalame M'nyumba
Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe amakhala ndi adani ambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yodya nyama yomwe imakhala mdera lomwe amakhala nthawi zonse imakonda kusaka abakha. Indo-bakha wamtchire amakhalanso nyama yokoma ya mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe kukula kwake kumapitilira kukula kwa bakha wa musk.
Adani achilengedwe:
- nkhandwe;
- marten;
- galu wa raccoon;
- kadzidzi;
- khwangwala;
- chinyengo;
- nkhwangwa.
Kwa mbalame zam'madzi, makamaka nyama zazing'ono, nsomba yayikulu yoopsa ndi ngozi. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyama ndi mbalame zodya nyama sizimangopha anthu akulu okha, komanso zimawononga zisa ndikudya mazira. Abakha ambiri amtengo amamwalira chifukwa chosowa chakudya chokwanira. Zisa za bakha zimawononganso nthawi yamadzi osefukira.
Kunyumba, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimafa chifukwa chakudya kosakwanira komanso kosiyanasiyana, komanso malo ochepa, kusunga mbalame zambiri m'malo ochepa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: M'nyumba ku Russia
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa bakha wa muscovy sikuwopsezedwa. Ndizofala m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi terminology ya International Union for Conservation of Nature, mitundu iyi ya mbalame ili ndiudindo "woyambitsa nkhawa zochepa".
M'nyumba amawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame yopanda ulemu potengera chakudya ndi malo okhala. Amasinthasintha msanga kuzinthu zatsopano, amakulitsa gawo. Palibe chachilendo chomwe chimafunikira kusunga ndi kuweta nkhuku. Amafuna zida za chisa popangira ndi chakudya ndi madzi ochepa.
Poyerekeza, abakha a muscovy amamwa pafupifupi theka la madzi ndi chakudya cha abakha wamba apakhomo. Kuphatikiza apo, bakha wamatabwa amakhala ndi moyo wokwera kwambiri komanso kubereka. Mkazi aliyense wokhwima amabereka chaka chilichonse ndipo amafungatira anapiye 7 mpaka 15 nthawi imodzi.
Bulu la musk ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri. Anaphunzitsidwa bwino komanso kulimidwa ndi alimi m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. M'nyumba amasiyana mofatsa, modekha komanso modzichepetsa pazifukwa zomwe amumangitsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/26/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 21:49
