Gawo la Krasnoyarsk ndilofanana m'chigawo china cha France. Imayambira kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kuchokera ku Severnaya Zemlya kupita ku Tuva, kwa 3000 km kuchokera kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo, kuchokera ku Yakutia kupita ku Nenets kudziyimira pawokha, kwa ma 1250 km. Amakhala mumtsinje wa Yenisei.
M'dera la Krasnoyarsk Territory pali mapangidwe ambiri a geological: West Siberian Lowland, yomwe imayambira kumanzere kwa Yenisei Bank, Central Siberian Plateau kumabanki akumanja, mapiri a Western Sayan kumwera kwa Gawo.
Pali madera atatu okhala ndi nyengo yunifolomu mderali: kozizira, kozizira komanso kotentha. Mu Januware, kumpoto kwa dera, kutentha kumatsika, pafupifupi, mpaka -36 ° C, kumwera - mpaka -18 ° C, chilimwe mu tundra kutentha kwakukulu kumakwera kufika ku +13 ° C, kumwera kwa dera - mpaka +25 ° C.
Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi nyengo zasunga ndikulitsa Zinyama za m'dera la Krasnoyarsk... Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi ndi nthawi, nyama zamakedzana zimadzikumbutsa: zotsalira zawo zimapezeka m'nthaka yachisanu ya tundra.
Zinyama zakale
Mammoths ndi nyama zomwe zinatha kumapeto kwa glaciation yomaliza, pafupifupi 10,000 BC. Zinyama zazikuluzikulu zonga njovu zinali zapamwamba kuposa nyama zonse zapadziko lapansi masiku ano. Kulemera kwawo kukuyerekeza matani 14-15, kutalika kwake ndi 5-5.5 m.Mammoths amakhala kumpoto kwa Eurasia ndi America.
Zotsalira za nyama zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Siberia, makamaka ku Taimyr. Mu 2012, wazaka 11 wokhala pachilumba, Yevgeny Salinder, adapeza nyama yayikulu yosungidwa bwino. Chodziwika bwino pazomwe apezazi ndikuti akatswiri ofufuza zamoyo samapeza mafupa okha, komanso nyama ya nyama, kuphatikiza ziwalo zina zamkati. Uku ndiko kupezeka kwakukulu kwambiri kwa mammoth komwe kwatsala mzaka zaposachedwa.
Zinyama M'dera la Krasnoyarsk
Nyama zakutchire za dera la Krasnoyarsk - ndiye, choyambirira, mitundu 90 ya nyama. Kwa ambiri, Siberia ndi kwawo, ena adachokera ku Far East, pali osamukira kumayiko aku Europe ndi Central Asia zoogeographic.
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda
Chilombo cholusa, wachibale wa chimbalangondo chofiirira. Ali ndi kholo limodzi limodzi. Mu nthawi ya Pleistocene, kugawanika kwa mitundu kunachitika. Chimbalangondo cha kumalo ozizira chasandulika chilombo chachikulu chakumtunda. Kutalika kwake kumatha kukula mpaka mamita 3. Kulemera kwamwamuna aliyense kumatha kupitilira 800 kg.
Khungu la chimbalangondo ndi lakuda, tsitsili ndilotuluka, lopanda utoto, mkati mwake. Mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a ubweya waubweya zimapangitsa ubweya wa nyama kukhala yoyera. Pansi pa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa lotentha, imatha kukhala yachikasu. Chimbalangondo chimasaka nyama zam'madzi, chimadya nyama zowola, ndikufikira komwe anthu amakhala kuti chikasaka chakudya. Kusungunuka kwa ayezi - kumawopseza kukhalapo kwa chimphona choyera.
Chipale cha Chipale
Nyama yapakatikati. Irbis ndi dzina lachiwiri la nyama. Imafanana ndi kambuku, koma ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake: kulemera kwake sikupitilira 40 kg. Irbis ili ndi malaya okhwima, osazizira chisanu ndi mchira wautali, wabwino kwambiri.
M'dera la Krasnoyarsk, limangokhala m'mapiri a Sayan, komwe kulibe anthu oposa 100. Izi ndizosowa, zachilendo kwambiri Nyama za m'dera la Krasnoyarsk. Pachithunzichi amatha kuwoneka m'moyo - ayi.
Mu 2013, msonkhano woyamba wapadziko lonse wokhudza kusamala nyalugwe unachitikira ku Bishkek. Mayiko omwe amakhala ndi kambuku wa chipale chofewa agwirizana kuti apange Long-Term Global Snow Leopard ndi Habitat Protection Program (GSLEP).
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Amagawidwa kudera lonselo, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo ya mkungudza. Nyamayo ndi yayikulu, nyama za ku Siberia zimafikira makilogalamu 300, ndipo nthawi yozizira kulemera kwake kumatha kukulira. Nyamayo ndi yamphongo, siyikana zakufa. Kudera la Krasnoyarsk, ma subspecies awiri amapambana: Eurasia kumalire akumanzere a Yenisei, ndi Siberia kumanja.
Ma Canines
Zowononga zimapezeka kulikonse ku Krasnoyarsk Territory. Mwa mitundu 35 yomwe imapanga banja la canine, mitundu yambiri ndi iyi:
- Nkhandwe ndi chilombo choopsa ndipo imakhala ndi kusaka pagulu lokonzedwa bwino. Nkhandwe wamba imapezeka kulikonse m'chigawochi. Kumpoto kwa derali, m'nkhalango-tundra, kulamulidwa ndi subspecies, tundra wolf. Malo akumpoto kwambiri amakhala ndi nkhandwe. Ma subspecies onse ndi owala, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera.
- Nkhandwe ndi chilombo chaching'ono, chimatha kusaka makoswe nthawi yachilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu. Osawopa madera a anthropogenic, amayandikira nyumba, amapita kumalo otayira zinyalala.
- Nkhandwe ya Arctic ndi nyama yodziwika kumpoto chakutali; kwanthawi yayitali, asodzi am'deralo akhala akusakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wofunika. Nyamayo imatchedwa nkhandwe yakuba chifukwa chofanana m'mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe.
Wolverine
Wodya nyama zapakatikati, gawo la banja la weasel. Zimapezeka m'nkhalango zamtchire ndi m'nkhalango za Krasnoyarsk. Kulemera, kutengera malo okhala ndi nyengo, kumatha kukhala 10-20 kg. Kunja, ichi ndi chilombo chachilendo.
China chake pakati pa chimbalangondo, galu ndi mbira. Ubweyawo ndi wandiweyani, wachikuda-bulauni wakuda. Mzere wasiliva ukhoza kudutsa mbali yakumbuyo. Chilombocho chimasungulumwa, chankhanza kwambiri komanso chankhanza. Imasaka nyama zopanda ungwe, mbalame zakumtunda, imadya zovunda.
Sable
Nyama yochokera ku mtundu wa martens. Amagawidwa m'nkhalango zonse za ku Siberia. Amakwera bwino mitengo, amasunthira mwachangu pamiyala yamiyala ndi chivundikiro cha chisanu. Ana agalu amapezeka mchaka, ndikutentha kokhazikika.
Mkazi kwa ana amakonzekeretsa dzenje losaya m'mizu ya mitengo, mipata yamiyala. Khwangwala amadyetsa makoswe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mabwinja, zisagalu ndi achule. Ubweya wa nyama umayamikiridwa. Alenje a Taiga amasaka nyama m'nyengo yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito misampha ndi mfuti.
Ng'ombe ya musk
Artiodactyl yayikulu. Kulemera kwake kwa nyama yoyamwitsa kumatha kufika 600 kg. Akazi ndi opepuka - osapitirira 300 kg. Yaikulu yamutu, yolimba yowola, yokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Nyanga zimakhala ndi mabowo amphamvu, opatuka mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu. Gulu la ng'ombe za Taimyr musk, malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidapangidwa mu 2015, ndi pafupifupi mitu 15,000. Ng'ombe ya musk - Nyama za Red Book za Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Elk
Wokhala m'nkhalango, wofalikira kudera lonse lakumpoto kwa Eurasia, kuphatikizapo Krasnoyarsk Territory. Amuna amakula mpaka 2 mita atafota, akazi amakhala otsika pang'ono. Nyani wamkulu amatha kulemera mpaka 600-700 kg.
Imadyetsa udzu, masamba, moss, makungwa ang'onoang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira yachisanu, zimapangitsa chakudya chochepa kusamukira kumalo komwe kuli chakudya chopezeka. Mobwerezabwereza amayesa kuweta ndi kuweta nyamayo; minda ya moose ilipo kamodzi ngakhale pano.
Nkhosa zazikulu
Nkhosa za bighorn zimakhala ndikuswana m'khola la Putoransky; nthawi zina amatchedwa chubuki kapena nkhosa zazikulu. Anthuwa amapatsidwa gawo lodziyimira palokha - Putorana ram. Nyama zimakhala m'malire a nkhalango ndi madambo obiriwira okhala ndi milu yamiyala. Kuchokera kudera lamapiri la Putorana, anthu adasamukira kumpoto. Kum'mwera kwa Taimyr kunalowa nkhosa zingapo.
Musk agwape
Artiodactyl yonga nswala ndi nyama yaying'ono. Ngakhale amuna akuluakulu samapitirira 20 kg. Mosiyana ndi agwape, agwape alibe nyanga, koma amuna amakhala ndi mayini ataliatali kuyambira pachibwano chapamwamba kutsika ndi 7-8 cm.
Zikuwoneka zachilendo kwa zitsamba ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chomenyera pankhondo zamphongo. Nyama zili ndi chitsulo chomwe chimatulutsa musk - mankhwala ofunikira komanso zopangira mafuta onunkhira. Malo okhala kwambiri ndi mapiri a Sayan, mpaka kutalika kwa 900-1000 m.
Narwhal
Zanyama zotetezedwa ku Krasnoyarsk Territory musamangokhala pamtunda. Narwhal ndi nyama zam'madzi zosawerengeka zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'mabuku a Red Data Books aku Russia komanso zigawo. Amakhala m'madzi akutchire, ku Krasnoyarsk Territory nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi Chilson Island, milandu yama narwhals omwe amalowa m'mphepete mwa Yenisei adadziwika.
Kutalika kwa nyama zamakono ndi 4-5 m, mano, omwe ndi dzino lakumtunda losinthidwa, amatha kufikira mamita 2-3. Amakhulupirira kuti mkombowo umaphwanya chipale chofewa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida. Pali lingaliro kuti iyi ndi sensa yovuta yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopeza chakudya ndikuyenda pagawo lamadzi. Cholinga chomaliza cha mano sichinafotokozedwe.
Laptev walrus
Ma subspecies osowa a walrus, amapuma ndikuberekanso ku Taimyr. Gulu la Laptev walruses limakhala anthu 350-400. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa ma walrus kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwawo kumakulanso.
Walrus ndi nyama yayikulu yopatsa chidwi. Kulemera kwa mwamuna wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 1500, pomwe mkazi amakhala wopepuka pang'ono. Amadyetsa nkhono zam'madzi, nsomba, amatha kudya nyama zakufa komanso amatha kuukira zisindikizo.
Mbalame za m'dera la Krasnoyarsk
Zosangalatsa Nyama za m'dera la Krasnoyarsk sizinyama zokha. Mitundu yambirimbiri ya mbalame imakhazikika m'malo onse owoneka bwino m'derali. Makamaka mbalame zambiri zimasonkhana m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso pazilumba za Arctic Ocean.
Kadzidzi Polar
Wokhala ndi nthenga wokhala mu tundra. Yaikulu, yayikulu-kadzidzi, kadzidzi. Mkazi amalemera pafupifupi 3 kg, amunawo ndi 0,5 kg opepuka. Mutu wa mbalameyo ndi wozungulira, maso ndi ang'ono, opapatiza ndi iris wachikaso. Lemmings amapanga maziko azakudya.
Chiwerengero cha mbalame chimasiyanasiyana kwambiri chaka ndi chaka molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mandimu. Kuphatikiza pa onga mbewa, kadzidzi amasaka nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi mbalame, amatha kugwira nsomba, ndipo samakana zakufa.
Mbalame yoyera
Mbalame yodzichepetsa, yolemera zosapitirira 0,5 kg, yokhala ndi nthenga zoyera. Imayendayenda kudera lonse la Arctic. Makoloni a mbalame zisafuna kuoneka m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Severnaya Zemlya zilumba. Chisa chachikulu kwambiri cha zisa 700 chidapezeka pachilumba cha Domashny. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame, zomwe ndizocheperako modabwitsa, zimakhudzidwa ndikutentha ndi kubwerera m'firiji.
Wood grouse
Mbalame yayikulu, yapadera ya banja la pheasant. Kulemera kwamwamuna kumatha kupitirira 6 kg. Nkhuku ndi zopepuka - zosaposa 2kg. Nesting bird, imasuntha chakudya chochepa. Amakhala m'dera lonse la taiga m'derali. M'nkhalango zosakanikirana bwino, zimakokota kupita kudera lodzala ndi moss. Amadyetsa zipatso, mphukira, masamba, tizilombo.
Amuna amasonkhana kumapeto kwa kasupe pachakudya chamakono. Mwambo wovuta wokhala ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza komanso mayendedwe umayamba. Nthawi zambiri nkhwawa zamatabwa zimakhala zosamala kwambiri, koma nthawi yokwatirana amaiwala za ngoziyo, amasiya kumva phokoso. Izi zidapatsa mbalameyo dzina.
Zisa ndi zimbudzi pansi m'malo osawonekera. Pofundira pali mazira 6 mpaka 12; Amayi amawasirira masiku 25-27. Ana ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, zamseri m'nkhalango za m'nkhalango zimasunga kuchuluka kwa zamoyozi ngakhale zili zolusa komanso osaka nyama.
Eastern Marsh Harrier
Nyama yaying'ono yamphongo. Polemera makilogalamu 0,7 ndi mapiko otalika mpaka mamita 1.4. Chombocho chimagwira mbalame zazing'ono, makoswe, ndi zokwawa. Imayang'ana nyama yonyamula yomwe ikuyenda pansi pamtunda. Zisa za mbalamezi kumwera kwa Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Zisa zimamangidwa m'nkhalango zamatchire pafupi ndi madzi, m'zigwa zamadzi osefukira. Mzimayi amapanga clutch ya mazira 5-7 apakatikati, amawasakaniza masiku 35-45. Kwa dzinja zimawulukira kumadera akumwera a Asia, India, Korea.
Garshnep
Mbalame yaying'ono - wokhala m'madambo a Krasnoyarsk. Gawo la banja lokoka. Mbalameyi imakhala yakuda bulauni ndipo imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu. Imawuluka pansi osati kwakanthawi, imakonda kuyenda pansi.
Amadyetsa tizilombo, masamba, mbewu. Nthawi yokolola, amuna amayang'anira akazi mwachangu: amapanga maulendo apandege ovuta ndi mayimbidwe apadera. M'chisa cha pansi, chachikazi nthawi zambiri chimaswana anapiye anayi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imasamukira ku India, kumwera kwa China.
Tsekwe zofiira
Chizindikiro cha mbalame Dolgan-Nenets Taimyr dera. Ndi gawo la banja la bakha. M'malo mwake, ili ndi tsekwe zazing'ono zolemera thupi zosapitirira 1.8 kg ndi mtundu wowala, wosiyanitsa. Taimyr ndiye malo obisalira atsekwe kwambiri.
Mbalame zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zimamanga zisa pansi, kuziyika pansi, zimayika mazira asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo masiku pafupifupi 25, anapiye amawoneka, omwe makolo amawachotsa nthawi yomweyo pachisa, patatha milungu 3-4 anapiye amatuluka pamapiko. M'dzinja, gulu la atsekwe amawulukira ku Balkan m'nyengo yozizira.
Nsomba
Mbalame ndi nyama m'dera la KrasnoyarskSindikutha kuthetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa m'mphepete. Mitsinje ndi Nyanja ya Arctic zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zomwe sizachilendo, zomwe zambiri ndizofunika pamalonda.
Salimoni
- Arctic omul ndi nsomba yowopsa; nthawi ya zhora imathera m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic. Kulemera kwa nsomba wamkulu kumatha kufikira 3 kg. Pobzala, omul imakwera m'mitsinje yaying'ono komanso yayikulu ku Siberia.
- Nelma ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera; m'matumba akulu amadzi, kulemera kwake kumatha kupitirira 50 kg. M'mitsinje yaying'ono, kulemera kwake kumakhala kochepera. Predator, amasaka nsomba zonse zazing'ono, amphibiya, nkhanu.
- Muksun ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera yomwe ili m'gulu la whitefish. Kuphatikiza pa beseni la Mtsinje wa Yenisei, limapezeka ku Far East, Canada, Alaska. Nyama ya nsomba imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino. Kudera la Krasnoyarsk, malonda a muksun ayimitsidwa kuyambira 2014. Gulu la nsomba likubwezeretsedwanso kudzera pakupanga kwazokha.
- Chir ndi nsomba yamadzi amadzi. Imalekerera madzi amchere amchere m'malo omwe mitsinje imadutsa mu Nyanja ya Arctic. Pofika zaka 6, imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 2-4. Amalowa mu Yenisei ndi Ob kuti abereke.
- Pyzhyan, nsomba ili ndi dzina lapakati - Whitefish yaku Siberia. Ilipo mitundu iwiri: ngati nsomba ya semi-anadromous ndi madzi amchere. Mitsinje yomwe imakhala ndi Nyanja ya Arctic, komanso madzi amchere amchere amchere.
- Tugun ndi nsomba yaying'ono yoyera. Thupi lake limakwezedwa ndi masentimita 20 m'litali, kulemera kwake sikupitilira 100 g. Mtengo wamalonda wa nyamayi watsika: kugwidwa m'zaka za zana la 21 kwatsika kangapo.
- Lenok ndi nsomba yomwe imatha kugwidwa kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Chulym. Amakonda mitsinje yam'mapiri ndi nyanja. Amakula mpaka 70-80 cm, ndikulemera makilogalamu 5-6. Amadyetsa tizilombo, mphutsi, achule. Kuphatikiza pa Gawo la Krasnoyarsk, limakhala m'mitsinje ya Mongolia ndi Far East.
Mbalame za ku Siberia
Nsomba zochokera ku banja la sturgeon. Pali mawonekedwe a semi-anadromous ndi madzi oyera. Ma sturgeon akuluakulu ndi zimphona zenizeni - nsomba zamamita awiri zimatha kulemera pafupifupi 200 kg. Sturgeon amadyetsa zamoyo za benthic: mphutsi, nyongolotsi, mollusks, zimatha kudya mazira ndi ana a nsomba zina.
Nsomba zimakula msinkhu pazaka 10-15. Msinkhu wakukhwima umasiyana kutengera momwe moyo umakhalira. Pafupifupi zaka zapansi pa mbalame zam'madzi za ku Siberia ndizoposa zaka 50.
Ziweto zoweta komanso zoweta
Nyama zaulimi m'dera la Krasnoyarsk ndi anzawo akunyumba ndi mitundu ndi mitundu ya Eurasia: kuyambira ng'ombe mpaka nkhuku zazing'ono. Pali mitundu yomwe yapangidwa ku Siberia, ndipo yopanda moyo m'malo amenewa ndiosatheka.
Mphaka waku Siberia
Amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwo udayamba ulendo wawo ku Central Asia, koma adatenga mawonekedwe ake omaliza kum'mawa kwa Urals, ku Siberia, ndiye kuti, kudera la Krasnoyarsk Territory. Mphaka ndi wamkulu kukula: amatha kulemera kwa 7-9 kg. Chimaonekera ndi malaya otentha. Obereketsa amati ubweya wa amphaka aku Siberia ndi hypoallergenic. Siberia ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamphaka.
Nenets Laika
Uwu ndi mtundu wachilendo wachiaborijini. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galu woweta komanso wosaka. Moyo wamikhalidwe yambiri, mgwirizano wanthawi zonse ndi anthu wapanga galu wolimba wokhala ndi psyche okhazikika.
Mbali yapadera ya mtunduwo ndi chiyero chake. Moyo wopanda chitukuko udawonetsetsa kuti kusakhala ndi zosafunika m'mwazi wa nyama, kusungabe zinthu zofunika kwa galu wapadziko lonse lapansi, waku Siberia, wakumpoto.
Mphalapala
Anthu aku Canada komanso aku America amatcha nyamayi kuti Caribou. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbawala: zakutchire ndi zoweta. Zinyama zakutchire ndi zazikulu 15-20% kuposa zoweta. Koma palibe kusiyana kwamitundu ina. Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi nyanga, zamtundu uliwonse komanso kukula. Akazi ali ndi nyanga zowala kwambiri kuposa zamphongo.
Deer - kwa nthawi yayitali yatsimikizira kupulumuka kwa anthu akumpoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamodzi ndi agalu, ngati njira yonyamulira. Nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, nsapato ndi zovala zimasokedwa kuzikopa.Kanyankhanga - nyerere zazing'ono, zazing'ono - ndizofunika monga magwero apadera a mphamvu ndi thanzi.
Siberia biocenosis ndi khola ndithu. Komabe, pali madera akuluakulu 7 otetezedwa ku Krasnoyarsk Territory. Malo achilengedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku Eurasia ndi Great Arctic Reserve yomwe ili m'derali. Pa 41692 sq. Km. Mitundu ya zomera ndi nyama ku Siberia zimasungidwa.
