Mwa mitundu yonse ya abusa, agalu akulu, olemera, olimba komanso okongola akunja amadziwika, kutsogolera mbiri yawo kuyambira nthawi yomwe Aroma amalamulira ku Europe.
Inde ndi - Galu Wam'mapiri wa Entlebucher, galu wakale kwambiri ku Europe, yemwe mbiri yake imayamba zaka mazana angapo zapitazo m'chigwa cha Entlebuch, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Bern, kudera la Switzerland amakono.
Makhalidwe amtundu ndi mtundu wa Entlebucher
Ngakhale mu chithunzi entlebucher amawoneka osangalala, odekha komanso ochezeka. Momwe zimakhalira. Monga mitundu ina yambiri yoweta, galu uyu sanatenge nawo gawo pakapangidwe ka mawonekedwe ake, motsatana, nyamazo zidapangidwa mosadukiza, kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukanika kwawo kwakanthawi komanso kukhazikika kwamaganizidwe.
Makhalidwe amenewa amapanga galu Mtundu wa Entlebucher bwenzi labwino la ana, makamaka kwa ana. Chilichonse chomwe mwana amachita, chinyama ichi sichidzabwerera mmbuyo ndipo sichimupweteketsa munthuyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, galu azidyetsa mwanayo, kumulepheretsa kukwawa pagawo lamasewera, ndiye kuti, nyamayi ndi nanny wabwino kwambiri, pafupi ndi pomwe mutha kusiya mwana wamng'ono ndikuyenda bwino.
Mbali agalu entlebucher munthu akhoza kulingalira za chibadwidwe - chitetezo cha gawo lake, chizolowezi chodyetsera banja lake, mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsetsa kuti poyenda anthu samabalalika wina ndi mnzake, malingaliro otetezera - zonsezi zimawonekera pawokha, monga nyama ikukula.
Agalu a Entlebucher samasowa maphunziro, maphunziro ndikukhazikitsa mikhalidwe iliyonse. Nyama izi "ndizokonzeka". Zachidziwikire, mosangalala adzaphunzira kutsatira malamulo aliwonse kapena kubweretsa wand, koma sikoyenera kuphunzitsa nyama kuyang'anira nyumba kapena kusamalira mwana, ili m'majini.
Komanso, anthu aku Bernians amadziwika chifukwa chosakhalitsa ndi chisangalalo chilichonse. Zilakolako zosaka nyama izi kulibiretu, sizithamangitsa amphaka, ndipo sizimatha kuthawira kwina kwa eni ake poyenda, ngakhale atha msinkhu.
Kufotokozera kwa mtundu wa Entlebucher (zofunikira zofunika)
Zonsezi, pakadali pano, malinga ndi kusinthidwa komaliza kwa ma Bernese mu Novembala 2001, pali mitundu inayi ya nyama izi.
Entlebucher - woyimilira kwambiri onse oimira abusa aku Bernese. Monga tawonera muyezo womwe umapereka zofunikira pakuwonekera kwa nyama, kutalika kwake:
- kuyambira masentimita 44 mpaka 52 kwa anyamata;
- kuyambira 42 mpaka 50 cm - kwa atsikana.
Mndandanda wazinyama zoyipa zikuphatikizapo mfundo izi:
- osanenedwa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, ndiye kuti, kusakhazikika kwamaliseche mwa amuna;
- Kupatuka kwakukulu pazofunikira zakutali, kupitilira masentimita asanu;
- mafupa owonda, kupatsa nyama chisomo china;
- osakhazikika, osatchulidwa kuti apumule minofu;
- kuluma pansi kapena kuwira kwambiri ndi mano akusowa;
- kuwala, kukhazikika, kapena maso otupa;
- lakuthwa ndi elongated mphuno;
- kutsetsereka kwam'mbuyo, kapena kufupikitsa kwambiri ndikubwerera kumbuyo;
- kupindika kwa miyendo ndi malo olumikizirana, onse "X" ndi "mawilo";
- kuponyera mchira kumbuyo, mchira utapinda "ndowe".
Ponena za utoto Oyendetsa ku Switzerland, zonse zimawoneka ngati zosavuta - malinga ndi muyezo, pamafunika tricolor, koma posankha mwana wagalu, muyenera kudziwa kuti mfundo zotsatirazi siziloledwa:
- chizindikiro choyera chakumutu kwa nyama;
- wamtali, ngati nsapato, mawanga oyera pamiyendo;
- zolemba zoyera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwawo sikuli m'manja onse;
- chopumira, ngati chogawanika, choyera pachifuwa;
- "kolala" yathunthu, monga collie, sichilandiridwa kwathunthu, chifukwa nyama izi ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa;
- osati wakuda ndiye mtundu waukulu wa utoto komanso kusapezeka kwa mitundu itatu yamtundu womwewo.
Kwa nyama zamtunduwu, kufanana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zofunikira za miyezo pakadali pano ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo sizimalekerera zolakwika zilizonse:
- muyeso wofanana kutalika kwa kutalika kwa nyama - 8:10;
- chiŵerengero chofanana cha kukula kwa mphuno ndi kukula kwa mutu - 9:10.
Ponena za zina zonse, zofunikira pakuwonekera kwa abusa aku Bernese, ndi awa:
- Mawonekedwe General.
Nyama yaying'ono, yolinganizidwa bwino, yolumikizidwa pang'ono yomwe imapereka chithunzi cha luntha, mphamvu ndiubwenzi.
- Mutu.
Mofanana mokwanira ndi thupi lonse, lalikulu, loboola pakati, lokumbutsa mutu wa chimbalangondo.
- Mphuno.
Lobe ndi wakuda yekha, mphuno zimatchulidwa. Mwambiri, mphuno imakhala yolimba, yamankhwala komanso yolumikizana pang'ono ndi mlomo wapamwamba.
- Chojambula.
Wamphamvu, wowoneka bwino kwambiri mwachilengedwe, wokhala ndi mizere yolimba yolimba komanso mphuno yolunjika mwamtheradi. Popanda kunola, kuchepa komanso kuwonetsa kwina kwa chisomo kapena, mosemphana ndi zina.
- Milomo.
Sitiyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro aliwonse okhumudwa kapena kuwuluka. Mtundu wakuda wakuda okha ndi womwe umaloledwa. Nthawi zambiri, pakatsekedwa, pakamwa pa nyama kumapereka chithunzi cha kachulukidwe ndi kukhazikika.
- Nsagwada.
Scissor bite, mwachitsanzo, koma osafunikira kuluma pincer.
- Maso.
Wamng'ono, wamdima komanso wosangalatsa kwambiri, wokhala ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta zina. Zikope zake ndi zakuda zokha, zolimba, zoyandikana kwathunthu.
- Makutu.
Sing'anga, kukwera kwakukulu, kwamakona atatu ndi kugwa, olumikizidwa patsogolo. Cartilage ndi yamphamvu kwambiri.
- Mchira.
Kupitilira mwachilengedwe kumbuyo, kwakuda komanso kotukuka.
- Ubweya.
Chovala chapamwamba ndi chofupikirako, cholimba komanso chosalala. Chovalachi ncholemera, chopangidwa bwino komanso chopezeka paliponse.
- Ochekenera.
Mitundu itatu, yakuda kwambiri. Zolemba zamtundu wofiyira ndi zoyera ziyenera kukhala molingana. Mwambiri, zoperewera zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa malinga ndi muyeso, komanso zofunikira zake, zimawoneka nthawi yomweyo, zili m'makanda amwezi, chifukwa chake Gulani entlebucher, momwe galu yemwe samakwaniritsa zofunikira za mphete zowonekera adzakula, ndizosatheka.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Zonse zokolola za entlebucher yodzazidwa ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kusamalira, kudyetsa ndi chisamaliro chofunikira paumoyo wa nyama. Wolerera wabwino sangataye mwana wagalu popanda kabuku katsatanetsatane katsatanetsatane.
Mwambiri, agaluwa safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi thanzi lachitsulo, imalekerera kuzizira mosavuta. Koma nyama izi zimawona kutentha koyipa. Nyengo yabwino ya abusa aku Bernese imafika mpaka 20 digiri Celsius nthawi yotentha. Ponena za nthawi yachisanu, chisanu chilichonse sichowopsa kwa galu uyu.
Malo okhala nyama mnyumbayo sayenera kulembedwa, komabe, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti galu azikhala nthawi yayitali pabedi ndi eni ake kapena nazale, osati pamipando yake.
Chovala cha galu chimafunikira kutsuka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha malaya amkati ambiri. Ponena za kutsuka, muyenera kusamba m'busa waku Bernese ndi shampu pokhapokha pakufunika kutero kapena chionetsero chisanachitike.
Agalu amakonda kusambira, chifukwa chake amakhala anzawo abwino oyenda bwato kapena ulendo wamisasa wokhala ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto pafupi ndi dziwe.
Ponena za chakudya, nyama zimakonda kudya ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zomangika kwambiri. Amakonda kunenepa msanga, ndipo anthu amafunika kuwunika kukhutira ndi chakudya. Galu yemweyo ndi wokonzeka kudya nthawi zonse komanso mwamtheradi chilichonse.
Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kukayezetsa zanyama kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo mayeso oterewa ndiofunikira kuti nyama ziwoneke m'mipheteyo.
Mtengo ndi ndemanga
Mtengo wa Entlebucher Pakali pano ku Russia kuyambira ma ruble zikwi 20 mpaka 60,000. Mtengo wa makanda umatengera komwe adachokera, udindo wa makolo, kutchuka kwa mphakawo, makamaka, ndi umbombo wa obereketsa.
Monga akunenera ambiri ndemanga za entlebucher, mtengo wa ana agalu ndi funso lovuta kwambiri. Ana agalu, omwe amafunsira ma ruble 50 kapena kupitilira zikwi zambiri, nthawi zambiri amadikirira eni ake kwa miyezi 4-8, panthawi yomwe mtengowo udadzilungamitsa kale. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, makanda opitilira 30 sauzande amapeza eni ake mwachangu, ndipo malinga ndi miyezo, ana agalu sali osiyana.
Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukhala ndi bambo wokongola waku Bernese, simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi zotsatsa zomwe zimafotokoza phindu la ana agalu omwe ali ndi katemera omwe ali kale ndi katemera omwe ali ndi ndalama zopitilira 1000 "imodzi", muyenera kungophunzira mosamala malingaliro onse odyetsera ana, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri ku Russia, ku Moscow kokha Madera a Bernese amakula m'malo asanu ndi limodzi.
