"Buku Lofiira la Ukraine lakhala mndandanda." Uwu ndiye mutu wankhani m'nyuzipepala ya VESTI. Imanenedwa pazenera la vesti-ukr. Mtolankhani Maria Razenkova adachita kafukufuku pazakudya zingapo ku Kiev.
Zidapezeka kuti mwa makasitomala angapo okhazikika amatumizira zimbalangondo, zotchinga kapena nyemba zofiira, beaver michira casseroles. Pali zinthu zopitilira 10 mumenyu yamithunzi, theka lake ndi nyama yochokera ku Red Book nyama.
Ngati pali mitundu 85 mu mtundu wa 1980, ndiye kuti m'magazini yomaliza ya bukuli pali pafupifupi 600. Maria Razenkova, monga akatswiri ena ambiri, amadandaula za kusasamala kwa anthu. Nyama zaponderezedwa kale ndi zochitika zachuma za anthu, mawonekedwe ndi zachilengedwe zikusintha chifukwa cha izo.
Chifukwa chiyani ndikuwononganso zamoyo zachilendo? Tiyeni tiyese kukumbukira ena a iwo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira. Zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo, koma kudera la Ukraine zili pachiwopsezo chotha. Ndi ma cutlets ati omwe alipo ...
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kuwerengera kotsiriza kuli zimbalangondo zosakwana 500 ku Ukraine yense. Ambiri amiyendo yamiyendo amakhala ku Transcarpathia. Pafupifupi anthu zana limodzi analembedwa m'zigawo za Lviv ndi Chernivtsi. Zimbalangondo zina zonse zimakhala ku Sumy ndi Kiev.
Clubfoot kulowa nyama za "Red Book" la Ukrainemonga momwe ziliri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali anthu 200,000 omwe atsala padziko lapansi. Padziko lonse lapansi, ndichinyengo. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo chofiirira chimaphatikizidwa mu "Red Book" yaku Russia ndikufalitsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Pachithunzicho ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira
Lynx wamba
Linaphatikizidwa mu "Red Book" la Ukraine chifukwa cha kuwomberana koopsa ku Europe konse. Iwo amapha chifukwa cha ubweya. Tsopano kusaka nyama ndi mphaka kukuphwanya malamulo. Ukraine ikhoza "kudzitama" okha amphaka zakutchire mazana anayi okha.
Onsewo - nyama za "Red Book" la Ukraine ku Polesie... Otsatirawa amatanthauza madera a Kiev ndi Sumy. Mphutsi simapezeka kunja kwawo.
Kutha kwa lynx sikudzangolepheretsa Nezalezhnaya nyama yokongola, yowona bwino komanso yokongola, komanso kugwedeza chilengedwe. Mphaka wamtchire amakonda kusaka nyama zodwala. Kudya iwo, ziphuphu zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa matendawa, zimachiritsa anthu omwe awazunza.
Pali lingaliro lakuti ziphuphu zimayambukira anthu podumpha kuchokera pamitengo. Ndi nthano chabe. Amphaka a Red Book amayesetsa kupewa anthu. Palibe milandu yolembedwa yakuzunzidwa ndi cholinga chofuna kupindula ndi mnofu wa munthu, makamaka pamtengo.
Lynx wamba
Chikumbu
Zikuwoneka ngati chimphona, chimavala nyanga zazikulu. Ndi iwo, kutalika kwa thupi la nswala kumafika masentimita 10. Ku Ulaya, ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri. Ku Ukraine, mbawala zimapezeka kumadera akummawa ndi pakati. Apa, nyamayo imakhazikika m'nkhalango za oak kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi thundu.
Kukula kwake kwa kachilomboka kumatsimikizira kutalika kwake. Pakadali pano, mpaka masentimita 10, tizilombo timathamanga m'masabata 3-4 okha. Chikumbu chachikulu chimakhala chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, mbawala imabwera mdziko lino pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Mbawala sizimalizidwa chifukwa chodyera ubweya kapena malo odyera. Mpaka kachilomboka katchulidwe mu "Red Book", sikanaphedwe chifukwa cha, koma chifukwa cha. Pali chikhulupiliro chofala chakuti zikumbu zazikulu zimatsamwitsa nkhuku ndi nyanga zawo ndikumwa magazi awo. M'malo mwake, nswala ndizodyera zamasamba, zokhutira ndi udzu ndi timadziti ta mitengo.
Chikumbu
Dokowe wakuda
Zikuwoneka mopitilira muyeso. Thupi lakumtunda ndi khosi zimakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda, pamimba pamayera. Pamutu pake mbalame pali "kapu" yofiira. Miyendo ilinso mu "masokosi" ofiira. Ku Ukraine kuli zokongola ngati 400. Anthu ambiri akupezeka kumpoto kwa dzikolo.
Akokowe akuda awiriwiri amakhala okhulupilika kwa anzawo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku awo. Dokowe wakuda amamanga chisa chawo mumitengo, osagwera pansi pa 20 mita pamwamba panthaka. Payenera kukhala nyanja kapena dambo pafupi.
Storks wakuda - nyama zolembedwa mu "Red Book" la Ukrainenyengo kunena kwake. Mbalame zimafika ku Nezalezhnaya mu Epulo ndipo zimachoka mu Ogasiti-Seputembara. Chilimwe chimathera pa kuswana. Mbalame zomwe zimadutsa ku India ndi Africa.
Chithunzi ndi dokowe wakuda
Mink waku Europe
Anayamba kukhala umphawi chifukwa chotseka ubweya ndikubweretsa mink yaku America ku Europe. Wotsirizayo adakhala wolimba mtima, wamphamvu kwambiri. Maonekedwe aku Europe sakanatha kupikisana nawo. Kuwerengera komaliza kwa nyama zaku Ukraine kunangopereka chidziwitso pafupifupi anthu 200 okha.
Kunja kwa dzikolo, mink yaku Europe nayenso yalephera "kuteteza malo ake", imaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda wa World Conservation Union. Kugulitsa malaya a mink, zachidziwikire, sikunenedwe.
Kulemera kwa mink imodzi yaku Europe sikupitilira kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Mink siimasiyana pamitundu yozungulira. Chifukwa chake timaganizira kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange malaya amoto.
Ngati ndi kutalika kwa bondo ndipo kukula kwake ndi 46, mufunika zikopa 30. Mophiphiritsa, malaya aubweya 6-7 amayenda kudera la Ukraine. Popeza kuletsedwa kugwira mitundu ya ku Europe, tsopano asokedwa ku zikopa za ku America za mink.
Mink waku Europe
Muskrat
Nyama yovutayi imakhala m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Seim. Izi zimachitika m'chigawo cha Sumy ku Ukraine. Palibe anthu opitilira 500 omwe amakhala kuno. Mitunduyi imapezeka kumapiri a kum'mawa kwa Europe, osapezeka kunja kwake.
Kunja, chinyama chikuwoneka ngati chisakanizo cha mole yokhala ndi hedgehog, imalemera pafupifupi 0,5 kilogalamu. Umu ndi momwe nyama idaliri zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale komanso kusintha kwakung'ono pamawonekedwe, moyo, desman amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wobwereranso.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu aku desman kukupitilira kuchepa, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. M'zaka zapitazi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinaphedwa chifukwa cha ubweya. Anayamikiridwa pamwamba pa beaver.
Cholinga chake ndikapangidwe kakang'ono ka tsitsi la desman. Ndi ofooka m'munsi, koma otambalala pamwamba. Kunja, izi zimapangitsa ubweya kukhala wolimba, ngati velvet. Ming'alu yamkati imasungabe kutentha. Kuzizira muubweya wa beaver.
Kuphatikiza pa zikopa za desman, adasakidwa chifukwa chotseka zotupa zaminyewa. Mu 19 ndi theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 20, madzi awa anali okhawo okonza mafuta onunkhira.
Pachithunzicho ndi desman
Wopalasa wamawangamawanga
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 2000, zinali zofala ku Ukraine. Masiku ano pali magulu osiyana mdera la Kharkov. Anthu adasokonezedwa ndi chithandizo chaminda ndi mankhwala. Zinakhudza kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo ndikuwononga malo ake.
Pokhala minda yomwe kuli malo olimapo, wopangayo amadyetsa kubzala, amawakumba. Mwambiri, kuchokera pakuwona kwa alimi, mbewa ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, sanalekerere opumirawo. Ena a iwo akhala gwero la ubweya wotsika mtengo. Ndi chamangamanga. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo.
M'buku laposachedwa kwambiri la "Red Book" ku Ukraine, akuti za kuchuluka kwa agologolo amathothomathanda pafupifupi anthu 1,000. Sanatchulidweko ngati ali pangozi, koma mitunduyi ili pangozi.
Wopalasa wamawangamawanga
Mphaka wamtchire
Mwini wa amphaka oweta - mphaka wa m'nkhalango amakhalabe m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama kungakhale kuyambira theka la mita kapena kupitilira apo, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 35, ndipo amalemera kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 8 makilogalamu. Kunja, mphaka wa m'nkhalango ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wamba wamizeremizere imvi, uli ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe nyama imeneyi imawonekera.
Kujambula ndi mphaka wamnkhalango
Korsak
Korsak ndi nkhandwe yeniyeni, imangokhala m'mapiri ndi madera amapiri okhala ndi masamba osowa. Ankhandwe oterewa samakweranso mapiri, koma amangodzipangira okha.
Korsak (nkhandwe)
Shatsky eel
Amakhala m'madzi a Shatsk. Alipo 30, onse omwe ali mdera la Volyn. Mitunduyi imatulukira m'nyanja ya Sargasso. Kuchokera pano pa nyanja ya Atlantic mwachangu imathamangira kumitsinje yaku Europe, mpaka kukafika ku Nyanja ya Svityaz. M'madamu ena a netiweki ya Shatskaya, eel ndiyosowa.
Popeza kuti Shatsky eel ndiye gwero lalikulu la ndalama kwa anthu amderalo, nsombazo zimaloledwa, koma malire ake akhazikitsidwa. Nsomba zosowa zimaperekedwa m'malesitilanti. Mabala a Sushi amayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha nsomba za shatsk. Nthawi yomweyo, cholengedwa chonga njoka chidalembedwa mu "Red Book" ku Ukraine.
Dziwani kuti eel wamba adaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda womwe uli pangozi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sushi ku Japan. Kukoma kwa nsombazo ndi kwabwino kwambiri kwakuti matani 70,000-80,000 amagwidwa pachaka. Mitunduyi idasamalidwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature mu 2008.
Pachithunzicho ndi shatsky eel
Njati
Nthawi ina, amakhala ku Lvov, Chernigov, Volyn ndi Kiev Ukraine. Kodi nyama za "Red Book" ndi ziti?? Ndi zazikulu, ziweto, zokhala ndi ziboda ziwiri, matupi amphamvu ndi tsitsi lakuda lomwe limakhala pansi.
M'zaka za zana la 21, zitha kuwonedwa m'malo osungira nyama mdziko muno komanso m'malo otetezedwa a nkhalango. Mwachidule, mitunduyi idazimiririka ku Ukraine, koma imasungidwa m'malo opangira zinthu.
Njati ndizofanana ndi njati. Zomalizazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizinyama zazikulu kwambiri ku United States. Kudera la Europe, mutuwo ndi wa njati. Munthu mmodzi - 700-800 kilogalamu ya misa.
Kukula sikulepheretsa njati kukhala zolimba. Amalumpha zopinga 1.5-2 mita kutalika. Nyama zakonzekera izi, kuthawa, mwachitsanzo, kwa osaka. Popeza kuti mitunduyi imapangidwanso, idagwidwa ndi anthu akale chifukwa cha khungu ndi nyama.
Njati pachithunzichi
Malo ogona m'munda
Rentent yosowa imapezeka kumadera a Cherkasy, Rivne ndi Kiev ku Ukraine. Nyamayo imakhala m'malo oyimilira mwachilengedwe. Kuchepetsa kwawo kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa mitundu ya zamoyo. Kudula mwaukhondo kunachulukirachulukira.
Mitengo yakufa, yovunda ndi yopanda pake imachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ana azikula. Ogona m'minda amataya nyumba zawo zachisanu. Mosiyana ndi mbewa zambiri, nyama za Red Book sizimakonda kukumba maenje pansi.
Ngakhale amawoneka okongola, dormouse ndi chilombo. Menyu ya mbewa imakhalanso ndi zipatso, zipatso, mbewu. Koma, gawo lawo pazakudya silipitilira 40%. Zina zonse ndi tizilombo, mphutsi ndi zina zopanda mafupa.
Sabata yopanda iwo imadzetsa tulo tofa nato mopitilira muyeso weniweni. Chinyama chimasiya kuyenda, chimayang'ana nthawi imodzi. Nthawi ngati izi, ogona amakhala osatetezeka, koma alibe mphamvu zomenyera moyo.
Malo ogona m'munda
Nsomba ya trauti
Trout yatchulidwa mu "Red Book" la Ukraine. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsomba zam'madzi mdziko muno zatsala pang'ono kutha. Trout ndi dzina la 19 la subspecies zawo. Madzi amadzi amtengo wapatali ku Ukraine. Oimira mitundu iyi amakula mpaka theka la mita kutalika. Poyerekeza, zolengedwa zam'madzi ndizochulukirapo kuwirikiza.
Ngakhale kuletsedwa kwa usodzi, nsomba zam'madzi ku Ukraine zikupitilirabe. Kupatula kwake ndi usiku wowala mwezi. Pazifukwa zosamveka, nsomba zamtchire zimakana kusaka ndi kusambira pamwamba pamadzi usiku pomwe satellite yadziko lapansi ikuwonekera bwino.
Masana komanso nyengo yopanda mwezi, nsomba zimathamangitsidwa, zimathamanga mpaka makilomita 30 pa ola limodzi. Izi ndizomwe zimatsutsana ndi madzi, kuyenda. Chizindikiro cholembera pakati pa nsomba zamtsinje.
Nsomba zam'madzi
Chiwombankhanga chachikasu
Amphibian amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yovuta; amakhala ku Carpathians komanso pafupi ndi mapiri. Pali achule ochepera 1,000. Msana wawo ndi wobiriwira-wabiliwira ndi utoto wa azitona. Mimba ya chule, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi yachikasu.
Mawanga akuda amapezeka pachikhalidwe chowala. Mitundu yosiyanayo ikuwonetsa kuwopsa kwa mitunduyo. Koma, njoka, ma ferrets ndi ma hedgehogs sizimayimitsidwa. Chuleyu amadyetsa mbozi, ntchentche zamapiko awiri, ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono.
Chingwe wachikopa chachikasu chimameza nyamayo. Palibe kusuntha kwachizolowezi cha lilime lotayidwa. Minofu yomwe ili mkamwa mwa chule-buku la chule idapangidwa mosiyana ndi ma congeners. Muyenera kutsegula pakamwa panu ndikudziponyera kwa ozunzidwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, zisoti zimabisala. Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu samabwerera kuchokera pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, achule amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi akasupe otentha. Mwamwayi, amapezeka ku Transcarpathia. Madzi otentha amapatsa mpata mwayi wokhala osagona chaka chonse.
Chiwombankhanga chachikasu
Zikopa ziwiri
Mileme imakhalanso ku Ukraine. Anthuwo amawatcha mileme yonse. M'malo mwake, si mileme yonse yomwe ndi mbewa, koma zonse ndizinyama.
Mtundu wa Kozhan pakati pawo ndiwosatetezeka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika m'ma nkhokwe, nyumba zosiyidwa, pansi pamadenga a nyumba zamzindawu. Anthu sakonda malo oterewa, choncho amawononga zamoyozo, ndikuzithamangitsa m'nyumba zawo.
Mleme wa zipatso ku Ukraine umatchedwa bicolor chifukwa cha utoto wake. Pansi pa ubweya wa nyama ndi wakuda, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala poyera. Maonekedwe onse a ubweya wa mileme ndi siliva. Khosi la nyama limakongoletsedwa ndi kolala yoyera.
Ku Ukraine, zikopa zimapezeka kulikonse. Nyamayo inalowa mu "Red Book" chifukwa cha anthu ochepa. Madera a mbewa ndi ochepa, ngakhale amafalikira mdziko lonselo.
Zikopa ziwiri
Mkuwa wamba
Pofotokozera njoka yamutu wamkuwa, ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti mawonekedwe awonekedwe ake ndi kupezeka kwa mamba pafupi ndi mutu ndi mimba, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe amphira ndi rhomboid okhala ndi zonyezimira zamkuwa.
Mkuwa wamba
Chupacabra
Tiyeni tikwaniritse mndandanda ndi nyama kuchokera ku "Red Book" yosadziwika ya Ukraine. Pomwe asayansi amati palibe Chupacabra, zambiri zakukantha kwake mbuzi zimachokera ku madera a Kiev ndi Rivne.
Owonawo amalankhula za zolengedwa zopanda ubweya zomwe zimakhala ndi mano akuthwa komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kangaroo. Chupacabra ya chilombocho adatchulidwa ndikuphatikiza mawu achi Spain akuti chupar ndi cаbra.
Wachiwiri amatanthauzira kuti "mbuzi" ndipo woyamba amatchedwa "kuyamwa." Kutchulidwa konse kwa chirombo kumalumikizidwa ndikuukiridwa kwa mbuzi. Chilombocho chimamwa magazi awo, koma sichidya nyama. Chifukwa chake ngati Chupacabra ilipo, ndi vampire pakati pa nyama.
Mwina zikuwoneka ngati chithunzi cha chupacabra
Kupezeka kwakatchulidwe ka chupacabra ndi umboni wa mitundu yochepa ya zamoyozo komanso chifukwa chophatikizidwira mu "Red Book". Komabe, asayansi aphunzira matupi angapo a Chupacabras. Pakadali pano, adapezeka kuti ndi zipolopolo zankhandwe ndi nkhandwe.
Amakonda kuchita nkhanambo. Matendawa amakupangitsani kukhala ndi ubweya wambiri, amakupangitsani misala, amasintha mawonekedwe anyama. Chifukwa chiyani, posakomoka, amenya mbuzi zokha? Asayansi sanapezebe yankho ku funso ili la alimi omwe ziweto zawo zinagwidwa ndi chupacabras.
