Aliyense amene akuganizabe kuti nsomba yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi namgumi wabuluu walakwitsa kwambiri. Anangumi ali m'gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa, ndipo pakati pawo ndiwopambana kwambiri. Ndipo apa whale shark ndiye kwambiri nsomba yamoyo yayikulu kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a whale shark
Nsomba yayikuluyi idabisala kwa maso a ichthyologists kwanthawi yayitali ndipo idapezeka ndikufotokozedwa posachedwa - mu 1928. Zachidziwikire, m'masiku akale panali mphekesera zakukulira kosaneneka kwa chilombo chomwe chimakhala pansi pa nyanja, asodzi ambiri amawona mawonekedwe ake kudzera pagawo lamadzi.
Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba, wasayansi waku England Andrew Smith anali ndi mwayi kuwona ndi maso ake, ndiye amene adafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane akatswiri azanyama za mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Nsomba zomwe zidagwidwa pagombe la Cape Town, kutalika kwa 4.5 mita, zidatchedwa Rhincodon typus (nsomba ya whale).
Mwinanso, wazachilengedwe adagwira wachinyamata, popeza kutalika kwa wokhala m'madzi kumakhala pakati pa 10-12 mita, nsomba ya whale shark - matani 12-14. Kwambiri whale shark wamkulu, yomwe inapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, inkalemera matani 34 ndikufika kutalika kwa 20 mita.
Shark adadziwika kuti si chifukwa cha kukula kwake, koma kapangidwe ka nsagwada: pakamwa pake pamakhala pakati pamutu, ngati anamgumi enieni, osati konse kumunsi, monga ambiri a achibale ake a shark.
Whale shark ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo kotero kuti amakhala m'mabanja osiyana, opangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi ndi mtundu umodzi - Rhincodon typus. Thupi lalikulu kwambiri la whale shark limakutidwa ndi masikelo otetezera, mbale iliyonse imabisika pansi pa khungu, ndipo pamwamba pake mumangowona nsonga zakuthwa ngati mano.
Mambawo amaphimbidwa ndi chinthu chofanana ndi enamel, vitrodentin, ndipo siocheperako mphamvu yakupha mano a shark. Zida izi zimatchedwa placoid ndipo zimapezeka m'mitundu yonse ya nsombazi. Khungu la whale shark limatha kutalika mpaka 14 cm. Mafuta osanjikiza - onse 20 cm.
Kutalika kwa whale shark kumatha kupitilira mamita 10
Kuchokera kumbuyo, whale shark amajambulidwa mdima wandiweyani wokhala ndi mizere yabuluu komanso yabulauni. Mawanga oyera oyera ozungulira amwazikana pamiyala yakuda. Pamutu, zipsepse ndi mchira, ndizocheperako komanso zachisokonezo, pomwe kumbuyo zimapanga mawonekedwe okongola amizere yopingasa. Shaki iliyonse ili ndi kapangidwe kake, kofanana ndi zala zamunthu. Mimba yayikulu ya shark ndi yoyera kapena yonyezimira pang'ono.
Mutuwu ndiwofewa, makamaka kumapeto kwa mphuno. Mukamadya, pakamwa pa nsombazi zimatseguka, ndikupanga mtundu wa chowulungika. Mano nsomba za Whale ambiri adzakhumudwa: nsagwada zili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 6 mm), koma chiwerengerocho chidzakudabwitsani - pali pafupifupi 15 zikwi!
Maso ang'onoang'ono akuya kwambiri amakhala pambali pakamwa; mwa anthu akuluakulu, eyeballs sichiposa kukula kwa mpira. Shark sadziwa kuphethira, komabe, ngati chinthu chilichonse chachikulu chikuyandikira diso, nsomba imakokera diso mkati ndikuphimba ndi khola lapadera lachikopa.
Zosangalatsa: whale sharkMonga oimira ena amtundu wa shark, osowa mpweya m'madzi, amatha kuzimitsa gawo lina laubongo wake ndikupita ku tulo kuti asunge mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti nsombazi sizimva kuwawa: thupi lawo limapanga chinthu chapadera chomwe chimatseka zomverera zosasangalatsa.
Moyo wa Whale shark komanso malo okhala
Whale shark, kukula kwake zomwe zimatsimikizika chifukwa chakusowa kwa adani achilengedwe, pang'onopang'ono amalima kukula kwa nyanja pamtunda wosapitirira 5 km / h. Nyama yokongolayi, ngati sitima yapamadzi, imayenda pang'onopang'ono m'madzi, nthawi ndi nthawi ikutsegula pakamwa kuti imezere chakudya.
Malo omwe pali whale shark ndiopadera monga zolemba zala za anthu
Whale shark ndi zolengedwa zochedwa komanso zolefuka zomwe sizikuwonetsa nkhanza kapena chidwi. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza chithunzi cha whale shark pafupifupi kukumbatirana ndi zosunthira: zowonadi, mtundu uwu suli owopsa kwa anthu ndipo umakulolani kusambira pafupi ndi iwo wokha, kukhudza thupi kapena ngakhale kukwera, kugwiritsitsa kumapeto kwake.
Chokhacho chomwe chitha kuchitika ndikumenya ndi mchira wamphamvu wa shark, womwe umatha, ngati siwupha, ndiye kuti ndibwino kulemala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi, whale shark amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osachepera m'modzimmodzi, koma nthawi zina, m'malo opezera nsomba pasukulu, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira mazana.
Chifukwa chake, pagombe la Yucatan mu 2009, akatswiri a ichthyologists adawerengera anthu opitilira 400, kudzikundikira kumeneku kudachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mazira a mackerel, omwe nsombazi zimadya.
Sharki, kuphatikizapo anamgumi, nthawi zonse amayenda, chifukwa alibe chikhodzodzo. Minofu yomaliza imathandiza mtima wa nsombayo kupopa magazi ndikusungabe magazi okwanira moyo wonse. Samagona ndipo amangomira pansi kapena kubisala m'mapanga apansi pamadzi kuti apumule.
Shark amathandizidwa kuti apitirize kuyandama ndi chiwindi chawo chachikulu, chomwe ndi 60% adipose minofu. Koma kwa whale shark, izi sizokwanira, ziyenera kuyandama pamwamba ndikumeza mpweya kuti zisamapite pansi. Whale shark ndi mtundu wa pelagic, ndiye kuti, amakhala kumtunda kwa nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri sichimira pansi pa 70 m, ngakhale imatha kulowa m'madzi mpaka 700 m.
Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba za whale nthawi zambiri zimawombana ndi sitima zazikulu zam'madzi, zopunduka kapena kufa. Shark sadziwa kuyimitsa kapena kutsika pang'ono, chifukwa pakadali pano mpweya wa oxygen umadutsa m'miyendo ndi wocheperako ndipo nsomba zimatha kubanika.
Whale shark ndi thermophilic. Pamwamba madzi m'malo omwe amakhala amakhala otenthedwa mpaka 21-25 ° С. Ma titan awa sangapezeke kumpoto kapena kumwera kwa kufanana kwa 40. Mitunduyi imapezeka m'madzi a Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic.
Whale shark amakhalanso ndi malo omwe amakonda: gombe lakum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, zilumba za Seychelles, chilumba cha Taiwan, Gulf of Mexico, Philippines, ndi gombe la Australia. Asayansi akuganiza kuti 20% ya anthu padziko lapansi amakhala kunyanja ya Mozambique.
Kudyetsa nsomba za Whale
Chodabwitsa, koma nsomba ya whale satengedwa ngati chilombo mwanjira iliyonse. Ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, whale shark sichiukira nyama zina zazikulu kapena nsomba, koma imadyetsa zooplankton, crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimagwera pakamwa pake. Sardines, anchovies, mackerel, krill, mitundu ina ya mackerel, tuna yaying'ono, jellyfish, squid ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "fumbi lamoyo" - ndiwo chakudya chonse cha nkhwangwa.
Ndizodabwitsa kuwona chakudya chachikulu ichi. Shaki imatsegula pakamwa pake chachikulu, m'mimba mwake imatha kufika mita 1.5, ndikutenga madzi am'nyanja limodzi ndi nyama zazing'ono. Kenako pakamwa pamatsekedwa, madzi amasankhidwa ndipo amatuluka kudzera m'matope, ndipo chakudyacho chimatumizidwa m'mimba molunjika.
Shaki ili ndi zida zonse zosefera, zopangidwa ndi mbale 20 zamatenda, zomwe zimalumikiza zipilala, ndikupanga mtundu wa latisi. Mano ang'onoang'ono amathandiza kusunga chakudya pakamwa pako. Njira iyi yodyera siyabwino kokha whale shark: chimphona ndipo bigmouth amadyedwa chimodzimodzi.
Whale shark ali ndi kholingo laling'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 10 cm m'mimba mwake). Pofuna kukankha chakudya chokwanira kudzera mu kabowo kakang'ono chonchi, nsomba yayikuluyi imatha maola 7-8 patsiku ikupeza chakudya.
Shark gill pump pafupifupi 6000 m³ wamadzi pa ola limodzi. Whale shark sangatchedwe wosusuka: imadya makilogalamu 100-200 okha patsiku, omwe ndi 0.6-1.3% yokha ya kulemera kwake.
Kubereketsa ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa shaki ya whale
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kunalibe pafupifupi chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza whale shark. Idangoyamba kumene kusungidwa bwino mu ukapolo, m'madzi akuluakulu, momwe zimphona zoterezi ndi zaulere.
Mpaka pano, padziko lapansi pali 140 okha. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wamakono womwe umapangitsa kuti zizitha kupanga nyumba zazikuluzikuluzi, zatheka kuwona moyo wa zolengedwa izi ndikuphunzira momwe amachitira.
Whale shark ndi nsomba za ovoviviparous cartilaginous. M'mimba mwako nsomba zazikulu kwambiri 10-12 mita imatha kunyamula mazira mpaka 300, omwe atsekeredwa m'mapapiso apadera ngati mazira. Shark amatola mkati mwa mkazi ndipo amabadwa ngati anthu odziyimira pawokha komanso othandiza. Kutalika kwa whale shark wakhanda ndi 40-60 cm.
Pakubadwa, makanda amakhala ndi michere yambiri yokwanira, yomwe imawalola kuti asamadye kwa nthawi yayitali. Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe shark wamoyo adatulutsidwa mu harpoon shark ndikuyikidwa mu aquarium yayikulu: the cub adapulumuka, koma adayamba kudya masiku 17 okha. Malinga ndi asayansi, nthawi yoti bembwe la whale shark ili ndi bere ndi pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, wamkazi amachoka pagululi ndikuyenda yekha.
Ichthyologists amakonda kukhulupirira kuti whale shark amafika pokhwima pogonana ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 4.5 m (malinga ndi mtundu wina, kuyambira 8). Zaka za nsombazi nthawi ino zitha kukhala zaka 30-50.
Zaka zamoyo zam'madzi zazikuluzizi zimatha kukhala zaka 70, zina zimakhala ndi zaka 100. Koma anthu omwe akhala zaka 150 kapena kupitilirapo akukokomeza. Masiku ano, nsomba za whale zimayang'aniridwa, zimakhala ndi ma beacon, ndipo njira zawo zosamukira zimayang'aniridwa. Pali anthu chikwi chimodzi chokha omwe "adadziwika", ndi angati omwe akuyenda mozama osadziwika.
Ponena za whale shark, yoyera kapena china chake, mutha kuyankhula kwa maola ambiri: lirilonse ndi dziko lonse lapansi, malo ochepa ndi chilengedwe chachikulu. Ndikopusa kuganiza kuti tikudziwa zonse za iwo - kuphweka kwawo kumaonekera, ndipo kupezeka kwa maphunziro ndi zabodza. Atakhala pa Dziko Lapansi kwa mamiliyoni a zaka, akadali ndi zinsinsi zambiri ndipo sasiya kudabwitsa ofufuza.
