Mkwiyo - cholengedwa chosazolowereka chaku nyanja chofanana ndi mizukwa yochokera m'nthano. Chodabwitsa komanso chosiyana ndi ena. Zonse zakunja zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala pansi pamadzi ambiri, mumdima wakuya komanso osadutsika. Tiyeni tiyese kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wawo wosamvetsetseka wa nsomba, osangoyang'ana mawonekedwe okha, komanso machitidwe awo, mawonekedwe, njira zoswana ndi zokonda zawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Angler
Anglers amatchedwanso monkfish, ali mgulu la nsomba zakuya kwambiri za m'nyanja, kuti zifanane ndi anglerfish. Ufumu wa nsombazi uli munyanja yakuya kwambiri. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anglerfish yoyamba idapezeka Padziko Lapansi zaka zopitilira 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Ngakhale izi, nsomba zodabwitsazi sizinaphunzitsidwe bwino, mwina chifukwa chakukhala kwawo m'nyanja kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akazi okhaokha ndi omwe ali ndi ndodo pakati pa osodza.
Anglers onse agawika m'mabanja 11, omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 120 ya nsomba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana osati m'malo okhazikika, komanso kukula, kulemera, ndi zina zakunja.
Zina mwa mitundu ndi izi:
- nsomba zakuda (South Europe) anglerfish;
- Kum'mawa anglerfish;
- American anglerfish;
- European anglerfish;
- Kumadzulo kwa Atlantic anglerfish;
- nsomba angler;
- South Africa anglerfish.
Ndodo zachikazi zazimayi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, zonsezi zimadalira mtundu wa nsomba. Kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa khungu kumatheka pa illicia. Mu ma anglers ena, amatha kupindika ndikukula pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera paphiri. Kukuwuluka mumdima, Esca ndi chimbudzi chodzaza ndi mamina okhala ndi mabakiteriya a bioluminescent. Usodzi womwewo umapangitsa kuyaka kapena kuimitsa, kukulitsa ndikuchepetsa zombo. Kuunika ndi kunyezimira kwa nyambo ndikosiyana ndipo pamtundu uliwonse wa nsomba ndiwokha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe angler amawonekera
Monga tanena kale, chachikazi chimasiyana ndi chachimuna mwa kukhalapo ndi ndodo yapadera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa nyama. Koma kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi sikumathera pamenepo, amuna ndi akazi a anglers ndi osiyana kwambiri kotero kuti asayansi amawagwiritsa ntchito monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nsomba, yamphongo ndi yaikazi, zimasiyana kwambiri kukula kwake.
Akazi ndi zimphona poyerekeza ndi kukongola kwawo. Kukula kwazimayi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 5 cm mpaka mita ziwiri, kulemera kwake kumakhala mpaka 57 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa amuna sikupitilira masentimita 5. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi magawo! Chinthu china chogonana chimakhala chakuti abambo ang'onoang'ono ali ndi maso abwino komanso fungo labwino, lomwe amafunikira kuti apeze wokondedwa.
Makulidwe a nsomba angler amasiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana, tidzafotokozera ena mwa iwo. Kutalika kwa thupi la European anglerfish kumatha kutalika kwa mita ziwiri, koma, pafupifupi, sikupitilira mita imodzi ndi theka. Misa yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi imakhala pakati pa 55 mpaka 57.7 kg. Thupi la nsombalo ndilibe mamba; limalowetsedwa m'malo ndi zikopa zambiri zikopa ndi ma tubercles. Malamulo a nsombazi amawoneka bwino, opanikizika kuchokera mbali ya lokwera ndi pamimba. Maso ndi ochepa, omwe amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi mzake. Chombocho chimakhala ndi bulauni kapena bulauni-bulauni hue, mawonekedwe ofiira amapezekanso, ndipo timadontho todera titha kupezeka pathupi.
Kutalika kwa American anglerfish kumakhala pakati pa 90 mpaka 120 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 23 kg. Kukula kwa angledfish yakuda yakuda kumasiyana theka la mita mpaka mita. Kutalika kwa West Atlantic anglerfish sikudutsa masentimita 60. Cape monkfish ili ndi mutu waukulu, womwe umawoneka bwino, mchira wa nsomba siutali. Kutalika, nsomba iyi nthawi zambiri sikudutsa mita.
Far East anglerfish imakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, gawo lake lamutu ndilotakata kwambiri komanso lophwatalala. Pomwepo pakuwoneka kukula kwakukulu pakamwa ndi nsagwada zotsika, zomwe zimakhala ndi mzere umodzi kapena iwiri ya mano akuthwa. Zipsepse zomwe zili pachifuwa ndizokwanira ndipo zimakhala ndi lobe. Pamwambapa, nsombazi zajambulidwa ndi malankhulidwe a bulauni okhala ndi timiyala ta mthunzi wowala, womwe umapangidwa ndi malire amdima. Mimba ili ndi mthunzi wowala.
Chosangalatsa: Monkfish imayenda pansi pansi pogwiritsa ntchito kulumpha, komwe imatha kuyamika chifukwa cha zipsepse zawo zolimba.
Mwambiri, ma anglers amangokhala kubisalira, amaphatikizana kwathunthu ndi pansi, osazindikirika pansi. Mitundu yonse yaziphuphu ndi zophulika mthupi lawo zimathandizira izi. Mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu, anglers ali ndi khungu longa mphonje lomwe limayenda nsagwada, pamilomo ya nsomba. Kunja, mphonjeyi ndi yofanana ndi ndere, yomwe imagwedezeka pamadzi, chifukwa cha ichi, nsombayo imadziwika ngati chilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nsomba ya angler yomwe imagwidwa kuchokera pansi ikuwoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi pansi. Amatupa, ndipo maso ake amawoneka kuti akutuluka m'mbali mwawo, zonse ndi kukakamizidwa kwambiri, komwe kumafika mumlengalenga 300 mozama.
Kodi nsomba angler amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Angler underwater
Anglers amakhala mozama kwambiri kuyambira theka ndi theka mpaka kilomita zitatu ndi theka. Adazolowera kale mdima komanso kupsyinjika kowonjezera m'madzi am'nyanja. Nyani wakuda wakuda amakhala kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, popeza adakonda dera lochokera ku Senegal kupita kuzilumba za Britain.
Nsomba iyi ili m'madzi a Black and Mediterranean. Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti West Atlantic anglerfish adalembetsa kumadzulo kwa Atlantic, akukhala mozama kuchokera pa 40 mpaka 700 mita.
American anglerfish idakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ku North America kontinenti, ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic pakuya kwa 650 mpaka 670 mita. Monkfish yaku Europe idatenganso ulendo wopita ku Atlantic, koma imangoyandikira kufupi ndi magombe aku Europe, dera lomwe amakhala limayambira kumayendedwe amadzi a Nyanja ya Barents ndi Iceland mpaka ku Gulf of Guinea, ndipo nsomba zimakhalanso ku Black, Baltic ndi North Seas.
The Far Eastern anglerfish amakonda Nyanja ya Japan; imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Korea, ku Peter the Great Bay, pafupi ndi chilumba cha Honshu. Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nsomba ya angler imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsombayi imadya.
Kodi nsomba ya angler imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Angler
Monkfish ndi nyama zomwe nyama yake imakonda kudya. Nsomba zakuya panyanja zimatha kukhala chakudya chotafuna nsomba za angler, zomwe zimawadikirira mwamwano.
Nsombazi ndizo:
- maulalo;
- gonostomy;
- nsomba za nkhono kapena zisago;
- alireza.
M'mimba mwa ma anglers omwe agwidwa, ma gerbils, cheza chaching'ono, cod, eels, shark apakatikati, ndi flounder adapezeka. Mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya herring ndi mackerel. Pali umboni kuti anglers agwira mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi. Monkfish imadya crustaceans ndi cephalopods, kuphatikiza cuttlefish ndi squid. Amuna ang'onoang'ono amadya ma copopods ndi chaetomandibulars.
Kusaka kwa monkfish ndichosangalatsa kwambiri. Ikabisala pansi ndikubisala pansi, nsomba iwonetsa nyambo yake (escu) yomwe ili kumapeto kwa ndodo, imayamba kusewera nayo, ndikupanga mayendedwe ofanana ndi kusambira kwa kansomba kakang'ono. Mkazi satenga chipiriro, amadikirira modalira. Wothamangayo amadzipangitsa yekha kukhala wothamanga kwambiri ndi liwiro la mphezi. Komanso zimachitika kuti nsomba ayenera kupanga kuukira, amene anapanga mu kulumpha. Kulumpha kumatheka chifukwa cha zipsepse zamphamvu za pectoral kapena kutulutsa kwamadzi kudzera m'mitsempha.
Chosangalatsa: Pakamwa pakamatseguka pa nsomba, china chake chimakhala ngati chingalowe, ndiye kuti nyamayo, limodzi ndi mtsinje wamadzi, zimayamwa mwachangu pakamwa pa woyimitsayo.
Kususuka kwa anglers nthawi zambiri kumasewera nawo nthabwala yankhanza. Mimba ya akazi imatha kutambasula mwamphamvu kwambiri, choncho nyama yawo imatha kukula katatu kuposa nsomba yomwe. Woyimba angakutsamwitse ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri, koma sangathe kulavulira, chifukwa mano a nsombayo amayang'ana mkatimo, motero amapuma movutikira ndi kufa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Angler wamadzi
Zing'onozing'ono zimadziwika za chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa monkfish, pankhaniyi sanaphunzirebe pang'ono. Zolengedwa zodabwitsa zam'madzi izi ndizobisika. Asayansi apeza kuti mkazi wamkulu kwambiri samawona chilichonse ndipo amakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira, ndipo amuna, m'malo mwake, amayang'ana mwatcheru bwenzi lokhala ndi mwayi wowona, komanso fungo. Kuti adziwe nsomba zazimayi zamtundu wawo, amamvera ndodo, mawonekedwe a nyambo ndi kuwala kwake.
Khalidwe la nsomba zakuya za m'nyanjazi zitha kuwonedwa mwanjira inayake kudzera mu ubale wapakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, womwe umakhala wapadera m'mitundu ina ya nsomba za angler. Mwa nsomba zapaderazi, pali chodabwitsa chonga chiwerewere cha amuna.
Khalidwe la mabanja anayi a nsomba angler:
- linophrine;
- ceratia;
- zochititsa chidwi;
- caulofrin.
Kuphatikizana kwachilendo kotereku kumawonekera poti champhongo chimakhwimitsa thupi la mkazi, pang'onopang'ono chimasandulika gawo lake. Atawona mnzake, wamwamuna amamuluma kwenikweni mothandizidwa ndi mano ake akuthwa kwambiri, kenako amayamba kukula limodzi ndi lilime ndi milomo, pang'onopang'ono ndikusandulika gawo lofunikira pathupi kuti apange umuna. Kudya, mkaziyo amadyetsanso njonda yomwe yakula kwa iye.
Chosangalatsa: Pa thupi la anglerfish wamkazi, pamatha kukhala amuna asanu ndi mmodzi nthawi imodzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti ayambe kuthira mazira nthawi yoyenera.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Angler deep sea
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amuna am'modzi aku Europe omwe amakhala monkfish amatha kukhwima atakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo akazi amatha kubereka ana azaka 14 zokha, kutalika kwawo kukafika mita. Nthawi yobzala nsomba zodabwitsa izi sizimachitika kwa onse nthawi imodzi. Nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumpoto zimayamba kuyambira mu Marichi mpaka Meyi. Nsomba kumwera zimayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Juni.
M'nyengo yosodza yaukwati, azimayi onga angler ndi abambo awo amakhala pamtunda wakuya mamita 40 mpaka 2 km. Atatsikira pansi mozama, chachikazi chimayamba kubala, ndipo amuna amatulutsa mazira. Pambuyo pake, nsomba imathamangira kumadzi osaya, pomwe imayamba kudya. Nthiti zonse zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mazira a nsomba, omwe amakhala ndi ntchofu pamwamba. Kutalika kwa tepi iyi kumatha kukhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 90 cm, kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 8 mpaka 12 mita, ndipo makulidwe ake sapitilira 6 mm. Mazira otere a mazira, omwe amakhala ndi pafupifupi miliyoni, amathamangira m'madzi am'nyanja, ndipo mazirawo amakhala m'maselo apadera amtundu umodzi.
Patapita kanthawi, makoma am'manja amagwa, ndipo mazirawo akusambira kale mwaulere. Mphutsi za Anglerfish zidaswa kwa milungu iwiri zimakhalapo m'madzi apamwamba. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, omwe sanasanjidwe; mwachangu amakhala ndi zipsepse zazikulu zam'mimba. Choyamba, amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mazira ndi mphutsi za nsomba zina.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kukula kwa mazira kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana, zimatengera mtundu wa nsomba. Ku anglerfish yaku Europe, caviar imasiyana pakati pa 2 mpaka 4 mm m'mimba mwake, mu American monkfish ndiyocheperako, m'mimba mwake kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 1.8 mm.
Kukula ndikukula, anglerfish mwachangu nthawi zonse amasintha, pang'onopang'ono kukhala ofanana ndi abale awo okhwima. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kukafika 8 mm, nsomba zimasunthira kukhala moyo kuchokera kumtunda mpaka kuzama. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, ziwanda zam'nyanja zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuyenda kwawo kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono. Zaka za moyo wa anglers mwachilengedwe zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa nsomba, koma American monkfish amatha kutchedwa chiwindi chachitali pakati paomwe akukhala munyanja, omwe amatha kukhala zaka 30.
Adani achilengedwe a Anglerfish
Chithunzi: Anglerfish yamwamuna
The anglerfish ilibe adani mwachilengedwe. Mwachiwonekere, izi ndichifukwa cha moyo wake wakuya kwambiri panyanja, wowopseza mawonekedwe akunja komanso luso lodzibisa losayerekezeka. Ndizosatheka kuwona nsomba yotereyi pansi, chifukwa imalumikizana ndi nthaka yapadziko lapansi kotero kuti imapangitsa kukhala wathunthu nayo.
Monga tanenera kale, kusilira chakudya komanso kususuka kwambiri kumawononga nsomba. Wothamangayo amameza nyama yayikulu kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake imam'menya ndikufa, chifukwa samatha kulavulira chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka ka mano. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyama zomwe zagwidwa m'mimba mwa anglers, zomwe ndizochepa masentimita ochepa kukula kwa nyama yomwe imadya-nsomba.
Pakati pa adani a anglers akhoza kuwerengedwa anthu omwe amawedza nsomba zodabwitsa izi. Nyama ya monkfish imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino, mmenemo mulibe mafupa, imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Zambiri mwa nsombazi zimagwidwa ku UK ndi France.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali umboni woti chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi amapeza matani 24 mpaka 34 zikwi za mitundu yaku Europe ya anglerfish.
Nyama yolusa imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kosakhwima, siyabwino konse. Koma amagwiritsa ntchito mchira wa nsomba ngati chakudya, ndipo zina zonse zimawonedwa ngati zonyansa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe angler amawonekera
Monga tafotokozera kale, anglerfish ndi nsomba zamalonda. Maukonde apadera apansi ndi maukonde a ma gill amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwire iyo, chifukwa chake malo okhala m'nyanja yayikulu samapulumutsa nsomba zachilendozi. Kugwira monkfish yaku Europe matani masauzande kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu, omwe sangakhale ndi nkhawa. Nsomba imavutika chifukwa cha nyama yake yolimba komanso yokoma, yomwe ilibe mafupa. Makamaka Achifalansa amadziwa zambiri za mbale za monkfish.
Ku Brazil, anglerfish ya West Atlantic imachotsedwa, padziko lonse lapansi imagwidwa matani 9,000 pachaka. Kusodza kwakukulu kwachititsa kuti nsomba zisakhale zosowa m'malo ena ndipo zimawoneka ngati zili pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, izi zidachitika ndi monkfish yaku America, yomwe idatsalira pang'ono chifukwa chakuwedza mopitilira muyeso, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa mabungwe ambiri osamalira zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, nsomba za angler zikuchepa. Kukonda nyama yokoma ya nsomba kwachititsa kuti mitundu ina ikhale pachiwopsezo cha kutha, chifukwa nsomba iyi idagwidwa zochuluka kwambiri. M'mayiko ena ndi zigawo zina, nsomba za anglerfish zimawerengedwa ngati Buku Lofiira ndipo zimafunikira njira zina zodzitetezera kuti zisasowe konse kunyanja.
Angler nsomba alonda
Chithunzi: Angler wochokera ku Red Book
Monga tanenera kale, chiwerengero cha nsomba za anglerfish chikuchepa, chifukwa chake kumadera ena kuli ochepa. Kugwidwa kwakukulu kwa nsombayi, yomwe imawonedwa kuti ndi yamalonda komanso yamtengo wapatali potengera kukoma ndi mawonekedwe azakudya, zidadzetsa zokhumudwitsa.Pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, bungwe lotchuka lotchedwa "Greenpeace" lidaphatikizaponso monkfish waku America mu Red Lists of Marine, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotheratu chifukwa cha usodzi wosalamulirika ochuluka. M'dera la England, m'masitolo akuluakulu ambiri amaletsedwa kugulitsa anglers.
European anglerfish yatchulidwa mu Red Data Book of Ukraine kuyambira 1994 ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera pano ndikuletsa kugwira nsomba iyi, kuzindikira malo omwe akuyendetsedwa kosatha ndikuwaphatikiza pamndandanda wamalo otetezedwa. Kudera la Crimea, European anglerfish ilinso pa Red Lists, chifukwa ndizosowa kwambiri.
M'mayiko ena, nsomba za anglerfish zikupitilirabe, ngakhale ziweto zawo zatsika kwambiri posachedwa, koma kusodza ndikololedwa. Tikuyembekeza kuti posachedwa posachedwa zoletsa zina zakugwira nyama zachilendo zam'madzi izi zidziwitsidwa, apo ayi zinthu sizingakonzeke.
Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti wokhala modabwitsa wakuya wakuda, monga angler, sichimenyedwa kokha ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kupezeka kwa ndodo yapadera yosodza, komanso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba zamphongo ndi zazimuna. Zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa komanso zosadziwika sizikuchitika munyanja yakuya ya nyanja zapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza, ndipo ntchito zofunikira za nsomba zodabwitsazi sizinafufuzidwebe, zomwe zimakopa chidwi chawo ndikudzutsa chidwi chomwe sichinachitikepo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09/25/2019
Tsiku losintha: 25.09.2019 pa 23:01
