Mitundu ina ya nyama ndi yosangalatsa osati mwa iwo wokha, komanso ngati chikhalidwe cha anthu. Atero meerkats. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona moyo wawo akawonetsa zizolowezi zawo zachilengedwe muulemerero pakati pawo. Ngakhale zili choncho kutchfun Koyamba, zimadzetsa chisoni komanso zimakhudza munthu, zowona ndizankhanza kwa abale awo ndipo amamuwona ngati imodzi mwazinyama zokhetsa magazi kwambiri.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti limodzi ndi izi, ma meerkats azolowera kugwira ntchito limodzi, ndiye kuti, ngakhale atha kupha mnzake, amamusowadi. Meerkats amakhala ndiubwenzi wofunda ndi anthu; akhala kwanthawi yayitali m'nyumba, monga amphaka, akugwira makoswe ndi tizilombo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Meerkat
Monga mtundu, meerkats ndi am'banja la mongoose, nyama yolusa, yomwe imakhala ngati mphaka. Meerkats sali ofanana kwambiri ndi amphaka, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi osiyana kwambiri, ndipo zizolowezi ndi moyo wawo ndizosiyana kotheratu. Ngakhale ambiri okhulupirira chisinthiko amati ma feline oyamba adapezeka pakatikati pa Eocene zaka pafupifupi 42 miliyoni, "kholo limodzi" la gulu lonse lino silinapezeke mu paleontology. Koma, mbali ina, mitundu yakutha ya meerkats idapezeka, ndichifukwa chake panali lingaliro loti nyama izi zidachokera ku mongoose wamawangwa womwe umakhala kumwera kwa Africa.
Kanema: Meerkats
Dzinalo "meerkat" limachokera ku dzina lamtundu wa mitundu ya Suricata suricatta. Nthawi zina dzina lachiwiri la nyama limapezeka m'mabukuwa: myrkat yoonda kwambiri. Pofalitsa nkhani zopeka komanso zawayilesi yakanema, meerkats nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "angelo a dzuwa". Iwo ali nalo dzina ili chifukwa chakuti pakadali pano kuyimirira kwawo moyang'aniridwa ndi dzuwa, ubweya wa nyamawo umanyezimira bwino ndikuwoneka ngati chinyama chomwecho chikuwala.
Thupi la meerkat ndilolonda. Thupi la nyama ndilofanana. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali ndi zala zinayi zamphongo komanso mchira wautali, woonda. Ma meerkats amakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu pamapazi awo akumbuyo, omwe amawathandiza kukumba maenje komanso kutulutsa tizilombo pansi. Komanso thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya wokutira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Meerkat yanyama
Meerkat ndi kanyama kakang'ono, kokha 700-1000 magalamu polemera. Pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mphaka. Thupi limalitali, pafupifupi masentimita 30-35 ndi mutu. Masentimita 20-25 ena amakhala ndi mchira wa nyama. Ali nayo yopyapyala, ngati khoswe, yoyikidwa kumapeto. Meerkats amagwiritsa ntchito michira yawo ngati zotchingira. Mwachitsanzo, ziweto zikaima ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kapena zikateteza njoka. Panthawi yolimbana ndi njoka, chinyama chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati nyambo komanso chinyengo.
Ndikosavuta kuyeza kutalika kwa thupi la meerkat pomwe akuwonera china ataimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Meerkats amatenga izi nthawi zambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse amafuna kuyang'ana patali. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwathunthu kuti apereke mawonekedwe momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimasinthitsa nyamazi kuti ziwone nyama yolusa ikadali kutali ndi kwawo.
Akazi ali ndi mawere asanu ndi limodzi pamimba pawo. Amatha kudyetsa anawo paliponse, ngakhale ataimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna ndipo amadziwika kuti ndiwo akulu. Zingwe za meerkats ndizochepa, zoonda, zolimba komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Zala ndizitali ndi zikhadabo. Ndi chithandizo chawo, meerkats amatha kukumba pansi, kukumba mabowo, ndikuyenda mwachangu.
Mphuno ndi yaying'ono, yotakata kuzungulira makutu ndikuthina kwambiri mphuno. Makutuwo amakhala pambali, m'malo otsika, ochepa, ozungulira. Mphuno ili ngati ya mphaka kapena ya galu, yakuda. Meerkats ali ndi mano 36 pakamwa, pomwe pali ma incis 3 kumanja ndi kumanzere, pamwambapa ndi pansipa, canine imodzi iliyonse, 3 premolar incisors ndi ma molars awiri owona. Ndi iwo, chinyama chimatha kudula chivundikiro cholimba cha tizilombo tolimba ndi nyama.
Thupi lonse lanyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya, kuyambira mbali yakumbuyo ndilolimba komanso mdima, kuchokera mbali yamimba silichulukanso, lalifupi komanso lopepuka. Mtundu umasiyana kuyambira kufiira koyera komanso utoto wachikaso mpaka malankhulidwe akuda. Meerkats onse ali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pa malaya awo. Amapangidwa ndi nsonga zaubweya wofiirira wakuda, womwe uli pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Pakamwa ndi pamimba pa nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowala, ndipo makutu ake ndi akuda. Nsonga ya mchira imakhalanso yakuda. Ubweya umawonjezera voliyumu ya nyama yowonda. Popanda iye, meerkats angawoneke owonda kwambiri komanso ochepa.
Chosangalatsa: Meerkat ilibe ubweya wolimba pamimba pake. Pamenepo, chinyama chimangokhala ndi chovala chamkati chofewa.
Kodi meerkat amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Live meerkat
Meerkats amapezeka makamaka kumwera kwa Africa.
Amapezeka m'maiko monga:
- SOUTH AFRICA;
- Zimbabwe;
- Namibia;
- Botswana;
- Zambia;
- Angola;
- Congo.
Nyama izi zimasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yotentha ndipo zimatha kulimbana ndi namondwe wa fumbi. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'zipululu komanso m'zipululu. Mwachitsanzo, meerkats amapezeka ambiri m'madera a Namib ndi Kalahari Desert.
Ngakhale amatha kutchedwa olimba, meerkats sanakonzekeretse kuzizira, ndipo ndizovuta kupirira kutentha pang'ono. Izi ndizofunika kukumbukira kwa iwo omwe amakonda kukhala ndi nyama yachilendo kunyumba. Ku Russia, ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kayendedwe kanyumba kanyumba osaphatikizira ma drafiti azaumoyo wa nyama.
Meerkats amakhala ngati nthaka youma, yocheperako kuti athe kukuwirirani. Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi makomo angapo ndipo imatuluka ndipo imalola nyama kubisala kwa adani pakhomo limodzi, ndipo pamene nyamayo imang'amba malowa, meerkat imathawa kudzera potuluka kwina. Komanso, nyama zitha kugwiritsa ntchito zibowo za anthu ena, zokumbidwa ndi nyama zina ndikusiya. Kapena ingobisalani mu kudula kwachilengedwe.
Ngati malowa amalamulidwa ndi miyala yamiyala, mapiri, malo otumphuka, ndiye kuti meerkats mokondwera amagwiritsa ntchito mapanga ndi ma nook cholinga chofanana ndi maenje.
Kodi meerkat imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Meerkat
Meerkats amadyetsa makamaka tizilombo. Amatchedwa amenewo - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri samapita kutali ndi malo awo okhala, koma amakumba pafupi ndi nthaka, muzu, amatembenuza miyala ndipo potero amadzipezera chakudya. Koma samangokonda pazakudya zokha, chifukwa chake amakhala ndizosiyanasiyana.
Meerkats amapeza zakudya zawo kuchokera:
- tizilombo;
- akangaude;
- zokonda;
- zinkhanira;
- njoka;
- abuluzi;
- mazira akamba ndi mbalame zazing'ono;
- zomera.
Imodzi mwa nyama zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndikusaka zinkhanira zomwe zimakhala zambiri m'chipululu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, poizoni wa njoka ndi zinkhanira siowopsa kwa nyama, chifukwa meerkat imatha kutetezedwa ndi ziphezi. Ngakhale pali zochitika zowonjezereka komanso nthawi zina zakufa kwa nyama zolumidwa ndi njoka kapena chinkhanira. Meerkats ndi agile kwambiri. Amachotsa mwachangu zinkhanira kuti adzadye bwinobwino mtsogolo.
Amaphunzitsa ana awo maluso oterewa, ndipo ngakhale anawo sangathe kudzisaka okha, nyama zam'madzi zimawapatsa chakudya mokwanira ndikuwaphunzitsa kupeza chakudya chawo komanso kusaka. Amathanso kusaka ndi kudya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha ichi, meerkats adadziwika ngati ziweto.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Meerkat nyama
Meerkats amawerengedwa kuti ndi ophunzira kwambiri. Kuti azilankhulana, atha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu opitilira makumi awiri, lirilonse liri ndi masilabo angapo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuti achenjeze za zoopsa, chilankhulo chawo chili ndi mawu omwe amawonetsa kutalika kwa chilombocho potengera "patali" ndi "pafupi." Amauzanso komwe zoopsa zimachokera - pamtunda kapena pandege.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: choyamba, chilombocho chimasainira achibale ake kuti ngoziyo ili patali bwanji, ndipo pokhapokha - kuchokera komwe ikuyandikira. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi apeza kuti achichepere amaphunziranso tanthauzo la mawuwa motere.
M'chilankhulo cha meerkats, palinso mawu osonyeza kuti kutuluka pogona ndi kwaulere, kapena, mosiyana, ndikosatheka kutuluka, popeza pali zoopsa. Meerkats amagona usiku. Moyo wawo ndimasana okha. M'mawa, atangodzuka, gulu lina limaimirira mosamala, anthu ena amapita kukasaka. Kusintha kwa alonda nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakadutsa maola ochepa. Nthawi yotentha, nyamazo zimakakamizidwa kukumba maenje.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakufukula, makutu awo amawoneka ngati atsekeka kuti nthaka ndi mchenga zisalowemo.
Chifukwa chakuti usiku wam'chipululu umazizira, ndipo ubweya wa meerkats nthawi zambiri sumapereka kutentha kwabwino, nyama zimakhala zoziziritsa, chifukwa chake m'gulu nthawi zambiri amagona molimba wina ndi mnzake. Izi zimawathandiza kukhala ofunda. Kutacha, gulu lonse limawotha dzuwa. Komanso dzuwa litatuluka, nthawi zambiri nyama zimatsuka m'nyumba zawo, zimawononga dothi lokwanira, ndikulitsa maenje awo.
Kumtchire, meerkats sakhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wautali umakhala wazaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Komanso, meerkats ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amafa, koma imfa ya anthu imachulukitsidwa ndi chonde chambiri, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa meerkats sikuchepera. Ndipo kotero, kufa kwa nyama ndikokwera, kumafikira 80% mwa ana ndi 30% mwa akulu. Ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gopher meerkat
Meerkats ndi nyama zocheza kwambiri. Amachita zonse m'magulu. Amakhala m'magulu akulu, ambiri, pafupifupi anthu 40-50. Gulu limodzi la meerkats limatha kukhala pafupifupi makilomita awiri, kukhala ndi kusaka pamenepo. Milandu yosamuka kwa meerkats siachilendo. Ayenera kuyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya chatsopano.
Pamtsogolo pa gululo pamakhala champhongo ndi chachikazi, ndipo zazikazi ndizotsogola, ndikubadwa pakati pa meerkats. Ndi mkazi amene amatsogolera gulu la ziweto amene ali ndi ufulu woswana. Ngati wina achulukana, amatha kuthamangitsidwa ndipo ngakhale kung'ambika. Ana obadwa nawo amathanso kuphedwa.
Meerkats ndi achonde. Amayi amatha kubereka ana atsopano katatu pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 70 okha, mkaka wa m'mawere umatha pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Litala limodzi limatha kukhala ndi ana awiri mpaka asanu. Ana a akulu awiriwa amasamaliridwa ndi gulu lonse lankhosa. Achibale amabweretsa chakudya, amaluma ana agalu kuchokera ku ubweya wa tiziromboto mpaka atakhala ndi njira yochitira okha, ndikuwateteza munjira iliyonse. Zimafika poti ngati chilombo chokwanira mokwanira chikaukira gulu, ndipo aliyense alibe nthawi yobisala kwa iye, ndiye kuti akulu amakwirira anawo okha, potero amapulumutsa anawo pangozi miyoyo yawo.
Kuleredwa kwa anawo kumakonzedwa bwino m'magulu, zomwe zimasiyanitsa nyama zam'mimba ndi nyama zina, zomwe ana amaphunzira osati pakuleredwa, koma pakuwona momwe makolo awo amakhalira. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha izi ndi chifukwa cha chipululu chovuta cha malo awo.
Zosangalatsa: Meerkats, omwe amaweta, mosiyana ndi amtchire, ndi makolo oyipa kwambiri. Amatha kusiya ana awo. Cholinga chake ndikuti nyama zimapereka chidziwitso chawo ku mbadwo watsopano kudzera m'maphunziro, ndipo imathandizira kwambiri nyama zam'thupi kuposa zachibadwa.
Adani achilengedwe a meerkats
Chithunzi: Cubs of meerkat
Kukula pang'ono kwa nyamazo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zoopsa kwa adani ambiri. Ankhandwe amasaka nyama pansi. Kuchokera kumwamba, amawopsezedwa ndi akadzidzi ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, makamaka ziwombankhanga, zomwe sizisaka ana aang'ono okha, koma ngakhale nyama zikuluzikulu zazikulu. Nthawi zina njoka zazikulu zokwanira zimatha kulowa m'mabowo awo. Mwachitsanzo, king cobra imatha kudya osati ana agalu akhungu, komanso akuluakulu, pafupifupi achikulire - omwe amatha kupirira nawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, meerkats amayenera kumenya nkhondo osati ndi adani okha, komanso ndi abale awo. M'malo mwake, ndi adani awo enieni. Amakhulupirira kuti magulu anyaniwa amadya mwachangu chakudya chomwe chilipo m'derali ndikuwononga madera awo. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, mabanjawo amakakamizidwa kuti azitha kuyendayenda m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Izi zimabweretsa nkhondo zapakati pa mabanja zamagawo ndi chakudya. Nkhondo za nyama ndizowopsa; gawo lililonse mwa magawo asanu a meerkats omenyera amafera mmenemo. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi amateteza maenje awo moopsa kwambiri, popeza banja likafa, adani nthawi zambiri amapha ana onse mosasankha.
Meerkats amalowa ndewu ndi oimira amtundu wawo okha. Amayesa kubisalira nyama zolusa pogona kapena kuthawa. Nyama ikawonekera pamalo ake oyang'ana, nyamayo imadziwitsa abale ake za iyo ndi mawu, kuti gulu lonse lidziwe ndikubisala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Banja la meerkats
Ngakhale amafa mwachilengedwe, meerkats ndi mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomwazika. Masiku ano, palibe chowopseza, ndipo mitundu ya anthu ndiyokhazikika. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikukula kwaulimi pang'onopang'ono m'maiko ena aku South Africa, malo okhala nyama akuchepa, ndipo malo awo achilengedwe akusokonekera.
Kuthekera kowonjezerapo kuchitapo kanthu kwa anthu kumatha kukulitsa vuto. Koma pakadali pano meerkats ndi amtundu wabwino ndipo sanaphatikizidwe mu Red Book. Palibe chilichonse chomwe chingachitike pofuna kuteteza ndi kuteteza nyamazi.
Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama kumatha kufikira anthu 12 pa kilomita lalikulu. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa asayansi, kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu ndi anthu 7.3 pa kilomita lalikulu. Ndi mtengowu, meerkat imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi masoka ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Nyama ndizosavuta kuweta, chifukwa chake zimagulitsidwa m'maiko ambiri aku Africa. Kuchotsedwa kwa nyama izi kuthengo sikungakhudze anthu chifukwa chakubala kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kutchfun saopa anthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa alendo kotero kuti amadzilola kuti azisisitidwa. Amapita kwa munthu popanda mantha, ndipo amalandira "mphatso" zokoma kuchokera kwa alendo ndi chisangalalo chachikulu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 18.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 18:03
