Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chisindikizo cha ered
Chisindikizo chokhazikika Ndikupanga zambiri dzina mitundu ingapo ya pinnipeds. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimasiyanitsa zinyama izi ndi zisindikizo zina ndi kupezeka kwa makutu ang'onoang'ono.
Banja la zisindikizo zamakutu limaphatikizapo mitundu 9 ya zisindikizo zaubweya, mitundu 4 yamikango yam'nyanja ndi mikango yam'nyanja. Chiwerengero cha banja la zisindikizo zamakutu muli mitundu 14 ya nyama.
Oimira mitundu yonseyi ndi nyama zolusa. Chakudya chimapezeka pansi pamadzi, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito luso labwino kwambiri la alenje. Pamtunda, zisindikizo zimakhala zosasunthika ndipo zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Amawonetsa zochitika zomwezo usiku komanso masana.
Mtunduwo ndi wolimba, wopanda chilichonse chosiyanitsa. Eared chisindikizo ubweya ali ndi imvi ndi utoto wofiirira, palibe zisonyezo pathupi. Ubweya ukhoza kukhala wolimba komanso wandiweyani, ichi ndichikhalidwe cha zisindikizo, kapena, m'malo mwake, chimatha kumamatira pakhungu, ndikupanga chivundikiro chopitilira, ichi ndi cha zisindikizo.
Zisindikizo zonse zamakona ndizazikulu kwambiri. Wamphongo nthawi zonse amakhala wokulirapo kuposa wamkazi. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu, kutengera mtunduwo, kumatha kukhala pakati pa 200 mpaka 1800 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhalanso pakati pa masentimita 100 mpaka 400. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala ndi mchira wawufupi ndi khosi lalitali, lalitali.
Zipsepse zakutsogolo zimapangidwa bwino, mothandizidwa ndi nyama zawo kuyenda pamtunda. Miyendo yakumbuyo siyiyikulu komanso yogwira ntchito, koma imakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Mulibe zikhadabo kumiyendo yakutsogolo, kapena m'malo mwake, zimakhalabe koyambirira.
Pakusambira, miyendo yakutsogolo imagwira ntchito yayikulu, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha mbali. Nsagwada za zisindikizo zimapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa mano ndi 34-38, kutengera mtunduwo. Chisindikizo cha mwana chimabadwa ndi mano a mkaka, koma pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4 chimagwa ndipo zolimba zimakula m'malo mwake.
Moyo wokhala ndi chisindikizo chokhazikika komanso malo okhala
Malo okhala zisindikizo zowuluka ndi ochulukirapo. Nyama zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'madzi akumpoto kwa Arctic Ocean. Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, nyamazi zimakhala m'nyanja ya Indian m'mbali mwa nyanja ku South America komanso pagombe la Australia.
Pafupifupi nthawi zonse sungani gulu, ngakhale nthawi yopha mikondo. Rookery ili pagombe pamalo amiyala. M'nyengo yokwanira, amakonda malo opanda phokoso ndi zilumba zobisika. Adani a zisindikizo zam'madzi m'madzi ndi shaki zazikulu ndi anamgumi opha. Kwa ana a nyama izi, kukumana ndi chidindo cha kambuku ndi ngozi yakufa.
Komabe, anthu amakhalabe oopsa kwambiri pazisindikizo zapansi komanso m'madzi. Nyama izi ndizofunika kusaka, zikaphedwa, ubweya, khungu ndi mafuta zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa osaka nyama. Zisindikizo sizimasuntha, sizipita patali m'nyanja. Amakonda malo am'mbali mwa nyanja, amamva bwino. Chifukwa chokha chosinthira malo okhala ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu.
Pamene chilengedwe chimasokonezeka, zisindikizo zimayenera kuyang'ana madera ena okhala ndi malo okhala. Zisindikizo zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chodziletsa. Pakakhala ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira, ngakhale zazikazi zokhulupirika kwa anawo zimatha kuzisiya ndikuthamangira m'madzi mwachangu.
Eared kudya chisindikizo
Zisindikizo zokhazikika nsomba zosiyanasiyana, cephalopods. Nthawi zina zakudya zazinyama zimathandizidwa ndi ma crustaceans. Kupatula kwake ndi zisindikizo zaubweya wa ku Antarctic, zomwe zimadya makamaka krill.
Oimira ena amtundu uwu - mikango yam'nyanja, amatha kusaka ma penguin ndipo amatha kudya ana a zisindikizo zina. Zikasaka pansi pamadzi, zisindikizo zimazungulira masukulu a nsomba m'gulu la ziweto ndikudya nyama zawo. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kufika pamtunda wa makilomita 30 pa ola limodzi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo pachisindikizo cha m'makutu
Nyengo isanakwane, zisindikizo zowuluka sizimatha kupita kumtunda kwa nthawi yayitali, koma zimakhala m'madzi nthawi zonse. Kumeneko amakhutiritsidwa ndipo amakonzekera kukwatirana. Nthawi ikafika, amuna amakhala oyamba kutuluka pamtunda ndikuthamangira komwe adabadwira. Kuyambira pomwe amachoka, anthu omwe adyedwawo amayamba kumenyera malo abwino kwambiri komanso amphepete mwa nyanja.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zatsimikiziridwa kuti chaka chilichonse zisindikizo zimakonda kukhala m'dera limodzi lodziwika bwino. Pambuyo pogawana malo, amuna onse akamadziponyera okha, akazi amayamba kuwonekera kumtunda.
Zisindikizo zimayesera kusonkhanitsa akazi ambiri momwe angathere m'gawo logonjetsedwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti akope akaziwo. Posankha zazikazi, zisindikizo zamakutu ndizowakakamira anzawo.
Nthawi zina pomenya nkhondo ndi azimayi, azimayi nawonso amatha kuvutika. Mwa magawano otere, chisindikizo cham'nyanja cham'madzi chimatha kusonkhanitsa akazi azimayi pafupifupi 50 m'derali. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, azimayi ambiri omwe atengezedweratu akadali ndi pakati pambuyo pa nyengo yokwanira yomaliza. Mimba imatenga masiku 250 mpaka 365. Pambuyo pobereka, patatha masiku 3-4, mkaziyo amakhala wokonzeka kukwatira.
Eared chisindikizo khanda
Kubereka ndikofulumira, kwachibadwa, njira yachilengedwe imatenga zosaposa mphindi 10-15. Zisindikizo zokhazokha zimabereka mwana m'modzi pachaka. Chisindikizo chaching'ono chimabadwa ndi malaya amdima, pafupifupi akuda. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, malaya amoto amasintha mtundu kukhala wowala.
Sabata imodzi atabadwa, ana onse amasonkhana pamodzi ndipo amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi motere, amayi amatha kudyetsa bwino ndikusiya anawo. Nthawi yodyetsa ikafika, chisindikizo chachikazi chimapeza mwana wake mwa kununkhiza, chimamudyetsa mkaka, kenako chimasiya pakati pa ana ena. Pafupifupi, akazi amadyetsa ana kwa miyezi 3-4.
Pambuyo pa umuna, wamwamuna samachita chidwi ndi mwana wamkazi komanso wamtsogolo. Anawo amaleredwa ndi mayi yekha, abambo satenga nawo gawo pakulera.
Nthawi yodyetsa ikatha, ana asindikiza amatha kusambira pawokha ndikusiya rookery kuti abwerere kuno chaka chamawa. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi zisindikizo ndi zaka 25-30; akazi a nyama izi amakhala zaka 5-6 kutalika. Mlandu walembedwa pomwe chidindo chachimuna chachimuna chimakhala m'ndende zaka 41, koma chodabwitsa ichi sichichitika kawirikawiri.
Msinkhu wabwinobwino wa zisindikizo umawonedwa kuti ndi zaka 45-50, koma samakhala mpaka zaka izi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikutsatira: chilengedwe, matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kupezeka kwa ziwopsezo zakunja.
