Woponda matabwa ndi membala wofala kwambiri wa banja losema mitengo. Amakhala m'nkhalango zambiri zosakanikirana, zosakanikirana m'maiko osiyanasiyana okhala ndi nyengo zotentha. Izi ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri, zaphokoso. Ndikosatheka kuti musazindikire iwo chifukwa cha nthenga zowala, chipewa chofiira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wotchera nkhalango
Wosema matabwa ndi mmodzi mwa oimira ochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'banja la nkhandwe. Mbalameyi yomwe imawoneka mwapadera imakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zosakanikirana. Mitengo yambiri yamatabwa imangokhala. Komabe, anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto chakumpoto amatha kusamukira kumadera oyandikana nawo. Osangokhala chisanu chokhwima, komanso nyengo zosavomerezeka zodyetsera zimapangitsa mbalame zosamukasamuka.
Chosangalatsa: Banja la nkhalango masiku ano lili pafupifupi mitundu mazana awiri ndi makumi awiri osiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa mbalame kumakhala pakati pa masentimita khumi ndi asanu mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi atatu. Mitengoyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yachilengedwe kwambiri.
Mutha kuzindikira woponda matabwa ndi chomwe chimatchedwa chipewa chofiira, chomwe chili pambali yamutu. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo kuyambira mitundu khumi ndi inayi mpaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mitundu ya nkhuku yaying'ono sinaphunzirebe bwino, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwake. Zina mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri zamatchire ndi: zokopa zazikulu, zofiira, zachikasu, zamutu zofiirira, zaku Malaysia, Arabia, zapakatikati komanso zazikulu zamatabwa.
Chosangalatsa: Woodpeckers ndi nyama zaphokoso. Amatha kugunda mtengo mwachangu kwambiri - nthawi 20-25 pamphindikati. Izi ndizowirikiza kawiri kuthamanga kwa mfuti zamakina.
Odula mitengo, monga ena ambiri am'banja la odula mitengo, amatenga gawo lofunikira m'nkhalango. Amachotsa tizirombo m'nkhalango, amathandiza mbalame zing'onozing'ono kupeza zisa. Ogwetsa mitengo amatulutsa khungwa lakuthwa la mtengo, kusiya mabowo a mawere, opha ntchentche.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wowona mbalame
Mitengo yamitengo yamtunduwu imakhala yayikulu mpaka yaying'ono. Kukula kwake, amatha kufanana ndi thrush wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi nthawi zambiri sikudutsa masentimita makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi awiri. Mapiko ake amakhala, pafupifupi, masentimita makumi anayi ndi asanu. Kulemera kwake kwa nyama kumakhala magalamu sikisite mpaka zana.
Chofunika kwambiri chakunja kwa nkhwangwa ndi mtundu wake wowala. Mtundu wa nthenga umayang'aniridwa ndi nyimbo zakuda, zoyera. Maonekedwe okongola a nyama amaperekedwa ndi chipewa chofiira pamutu komanso chofiira (m'ma subspecies ena - pinki). Kumbuyo ndi mutu wonsewo ndi wabuluu pang'ono. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, nthawi zina imakhala ndi bulauni yakuda. Mwambiri, utoto umadalira malo okhala.
Kanema: Wotulutsa Woodpecker
Woponda matabwa, monga ena onse m'banjamo, ali ndi miyendo ya zygodactyl. Ali ndi zala zitatu kuloza kutsogolo, kumbuyo kamodzi. Kapangidwe koteroko kamawathandiza kuti nyamayo igwire mosavuta, mosavuta mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, mosasunthika imakhala pamalo owongoka. Nthenga zolimba za mchira zimathandizanso pantchitoyi. Amathandizanso kugwiritsitsa thunthu pamene akusuntha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbali yapadera ya mbalame zotere ndi lilime lalitali, nthawi zina lovuta. Mwa akuluakulu, imatha kufikira masentimita khumi m'litali. Mothandizidwa ndi lirime lotere, zimakhala zosavuta kupeza kachilomboka, tizilombo kuchokera ku makungwa a mitengo.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mapiko olimba, akulu. Komabe, samazigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi. Mapikowa amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aziuluka kuchokera pamtengo umodzi kupita kwina. Nthawi yotsala, ometa matabwa amakonda kukwera chitamba pofunafuna chakudya. Mbali yapadera ya mbalame ndi mawu awo. M'miyala yamatabwa, mawonedwe ake ndi achidule, omwe amakumbutsa kopitilira muyeso. Mutha kufuula kwambiri pangozi.
Kodi nsangalabwi yemwe amaoneka kuti amakhala amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Wopanga Woodpecker Wamkulu
Woponda matabwa amakhala wodziwika m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana. Amakhala ku Africa, Morocco, zilumba za Canary, Europe. M'madera aku Europe, amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula ndi madera okwera kwambiri, Ireland, kumpoto kwa Scandinavia. Komanso, mbalameyi imapezeka ku Asia Minor, Sicily, Sardinia, Caucasus, Transcaucasia.
Mapiko a Woodpeckers amakhala ambiri ku Scandinavia ndi Finland. Kumeneko amatha kupezeka m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Mitundu imeneyi imayimilidwa kwambiri ku Ukraine. Anthu ochuluka amapezeka kum'mwera kwa boma mpaka mzinda wa Dnipro. Osati kukumana ndi mbalame zokhazokha m'malo opezeka ku Ukraine. Mitengo yamitengo yayikulu imakhala pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Russia, imapezeka kumapiri a Crimea, Mongolia, ndi kumadzulo kwa China.
Anthu odula mitengo alibe zofunikira kwambiri m'malo awo. Amatha kusintha mtundu uliwonse. Chokhacho chomwe chimafunikira kwa iwo ndikupezeka kwa mitengo. Amakhala kumpoto kwa taiga, pazilumba zazing'ono zamatabwa, m'minda ndi m'mapaki. Mbalamezi sizimaopa kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, chifukwa chake zimamanga zisa zawo ngakhale m'mapaki a mizinda yodzaza ndi anthu.
Ngakhale kuli pulasitiki poyerekeza ndi biotypes, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo sikungagawidwe mofanana. Nthawi zambiri amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhalango. Anthu omwe amakhala ku Africa nthawi zambiri amasankha mkungudza, popula, nkhalango za azitona moyo wawo wonse. Ku Russia, nyamayo nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira. Ku Poland - mumtengo wa oak-hornbeam, alder-ash ash.
Kodi wodula mitengo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Wotchera matabwa
Zakudya za opala nkhuni zimadalira zinthu ziwiri:
- Nyengo ya chaka;
- Dera la Habitat.
M'nyengo yotentha - kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe, mbalame zimadzipezera chakudya, makamaka pamtengo wa mitengo yosiyanasiyana, pansi. Amasanthula mtengo uliwonse mosamala. Kuyendera kumayambira pansi pa mbiya. Amakwera mumtengo mozungulira, osaphonya ngakhale sentimita imodzi ya khungwa. Poyang'anitsitsa, mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito lilime lake lalitali, ndikuyiyika m'ming'alu. Ngati lilime lizindikira chakudya, ndiye kuti mulomo wamphamvu umaphatikizidwa pantchitoyo. Imaphwanya khungwa pomwe nyama imatha kufika mosavuta.
M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kafadala wagolide, kafadala, makungwa, ma beetle, magulugufe;
- Imago wa agulugufe;
- Nsabwe za m'masamba;
- Mbozi;
- Nyerere;
- Otsatira;
- Nkhono.
Amathanso kudya gooseberries, currants, plums, raspberries, yamatcheri. Poterepa, nyama zimachotsedwa zipatsozo. Zipatso ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera la Europe. Kumeneko, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimapanga minda yambiri. Nthawi zina odula mitengo amadya kamtengo kamtengo.
Zosangalatsa: Njira yayikulu yopezera chakudya ndikutola. Njirayi ndiyolimba, yopweteketsa mtima, koma osati kwa wopseza nkhuni iyemwini. Ubongo wake uli, titero, utayimikidwa mkati mwa chigaza pazingwe, kuzungulira ndi madzi. Zonsezi zimachepetsa kwambiri nkhonya.
M'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti nyama zizipeza chakudya chawo kuthengo. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ambiri amayandikira pafupi ndi anthu. Kumeneko amatha kudzipezera chakudya m'madyerero apadera komanso m'malo otayira zinyalala. M'nyengo yozizira, odula mitengo samanyoza nyama zakufa, nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi zisa za mbalame zazing'ono, amadya mazira awo kapena anapiye atsopano. Komanso m'nyengo yozizira, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamasamba zimawonjezeredwa pachakudya cha nkhuku. Amadya nthanga za thundu, beech, hornbeam, mtedza, zipatso, maamondi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wotchera matabwa mwachilengedwe
Anthu odula mitengo amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'nkhalango moyo wawo wonse. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamanyimbo osiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe, zaka. Maenje amamangidwa mumitengo yofewa. Kawirikawiri ndi aspen, alder, birch. Mwamuna akugwira ntchito yomanga dzenje. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimatha kukhazikika m'mapanga omwe amatayidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nkhalango. Zakudyazo ndizosiyanasiyana; munthawi zosiyanasiyana, zimadzazidwa ndi maudindo atsopano.
Woponda matabwa ndi mbalame yodabwitsa komanso yaphokoso. Amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu. Ngakhale mizinda ikuluikulu simumuwopa. Ambiri mwa achikulire amakhala okha. Iwo samabwera kawirikawiri m'magulu. Nyama imagwira masana masana, nthawi zambiri "amasaka" mdera laling'ono. Mbalame iliyonse ili ndi malo ake odyetserako ziweto. Ngati mlendo awuluka pa iyo, ndewu imatha kuchitika.
Chosangalatsa: Asanathamange kunkhondo, wopala matabwa nthawi zonse amachenjeza mnzake. Amakhala pamalo enaake, amatsegula pakamwa pake, ndipo nthenga pamutu pake zimachita phokoso. Nthawi zina izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwopsyeze mdani amene angakhale mdani wanu.
Mitengo yamatabwa ndi mbalame zamtendere. Amawulukira kumadera oyandikana nawo kwambiri, kokha panthawi yobereka. Komabe, ngati mbalame youluka siyichoka pamalowo, ndiye kuti nkhondo yayikulu imayamba. Pakumenyana, mbalamezi zimapwetekana kwambiri. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko ndi milomo yawo poteteza ndi kumenyetsa. Mitengoyi nthawi zambiri samaopa anthu. Amangokwera pamwamba pamtengowo ndikupitiliza kufunafuna chakudya.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wowona mbalame
Akazi opangira nkhuni achimuna ndi achimuna alibe kusiyana kulikonse. Chokhacho chomwe mungawasiyanitse kunja ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wa nthenga. Mbalame zamphongo zimakhala ndi nape wofiira, zazikazi zachikaso kapena zakuda. Mitengo yamatabwa yamawangamawanga ndi yokhazikika. Ku Japan kokha ndi komwe milandu ingapo ya polyandry idanenedwa.
Nthawi yoswana imayamba kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha nkhalango. Nyama zimapanga awiriawiri, ikatha nthawi yoberekera, ambiri mwa iwo amatha. Ndi maanja ochepa okha omwe amapitiliza kukhalira limodzi mpaka masika otsatira. Nyengo yokwatirana ya mbalame imayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja. Ntchito zokambirana zingapitirire mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Pofika Meyi, mbalamezi zikupanga kale awiriawiri, akumanga zisa za "banja".
Mwambiri, njira yoswana ingagawidwe m'magawo angapo:
- Kuzolowera. Amuna ndi akazi amadziwana bwino, kuphatikiza malo awo odyetserako ziweto. Akakumana, amuna amadzionetsera mwachidwi - amafuula, ng'oma pamitengo, ndikukopa chidwi m'njira iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri pamasewera olimbirana, mbalame zimayamba kuwuluka mlengalenga ngati agulugufe. Masewerawa amatchedwa mating flight;
- Kuyanjana. Ndi ndege zosanja zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathera mukakwatirana. Ntchitoyi imachitika panthambi yopingasa ndipo imatenga pafupifupi masekondi asanu ndi limodzi. Kukwerana nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kukuwa kwakukulu;
- Kuyala, kusamalira ndi kusamalira anapiye. Wokonza mitengo amatchera pafupifupi mazira asanu ndi awiri nthawi imodzi. Mazirawo ndi oyera ndipo khungu lawo limanyezimira. Makolo onsewa amachita mazira, koma amuna amakhala nthawi yayitali pachisa. Njira yosakaniza ndi yochepa - masiku khumi ndi atatu. Anapiye amaswa opanda kanthu, akhungu, ndi njala yabwino. Mpaka kukula, makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali powapatsa chakudya. Patatha masiku makumi awiri abadwa, anapiye amatha kuphunzira kuuluka, ndipo atatha masiku khumi, amatha kupeza chakudya pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a opindika matabwa
Chithunzi: Middle Woods Woodpecker
Woponda matabwa sapezeka mosavuta kwa nyama zolusa. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo, yomwe ndiyokwera kwambiri kwa nkhandwe, mimbulu, zimbalangondo ndi nyama zina zikuluzikulu. Nthawi zina amapezeka pansi. Ndipamene pamene zilombazi zimakhala ndi mwayi wogwira ndikudya mbalameyo. Pachifukwa ichi, lero kulibe chilichonse chokhudzana ndi ziwombankhanga zomwe zimapezeka pamitengo yamatabwa. Adani enieni apadziko lapansi amatha kutchedwa ermine, marten. Nyama izi ndizochenjera komanso zochenjera.
M'madera otentha, mbalame zamatabwa zimatha kuukiridwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala mpheta kapena goshawks. Kunja kwa nkhalango, adani akuluakulu a nkhwangwa ndi mbalame zamphamba. Amawasaka mozemba, amawukira onse. Mbiri imadziwa milandu yakuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu okhala ndi zikopa za peregrine falcons.
Olumikiza matabwa ali ndi chiopsezo kwambiri m'masiku oyamba amoyo. Pamene makolowo akuuluka kukafunafuna chakudya, zisa zawo zimawonongedwa ndi agologolo, magulu ogona. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mbalame wamba, zomwe zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri, zimatulutsidwa kunja kwa nkhalango. Komanso, adani achilengedwe a nyama izi ndi nkhupakupa, utitiri, midges, nsabwe zamatabwa, tizilombo tina tomwe timayamwa magazi. Sizimayambitsa kufa kwa mbalame yomweyo, koma zimafooketsa thanzi lawo.
Mosazindikira, munthu nthawi zina amakhalanso mdani wa nkhwangwa. Ndi anthu omwe akuchita kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwononga chakudya cha mbalame, kuipitsa mpweya ndi nthaka. Zonsezi mosakayikira zimakhudza ziweto.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha nkhalango
Ngakhale kuti anthu amakhudzidwa, kuwombedwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama ndi tiziromboti, anthu onse okhala ndi nkhwangwa zimawonongeka kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndizazikulu kwambiri, zotchinga matabwa ndizofala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo, tizilombo, kachilomboka.
Oimira awa a banja lokhala ndi nkhalango amakhala nthawi yayitali, koma lero kulibe chidziwitso chokwanira pa chiwerengero chawo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi sikuyambitsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi, apatsidwa gawo loteteza "Zoyambitsa Zovuta Zazikulu".
Chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa anthu okhala ndi mitengo yamatabwa m'malo ena kumatha kusinthasintha nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina mbalame zimafa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuukira kwa adani, koma zimabwezeretsa anthu ake kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana. Komanso zigawo zakumpoto, otema mitengo amakhala osamukasamuka. Pachifukwachi, kukula kwa anthu awo m'madera akum'mwera kumatha kusintha kangapo pachaka.
Kutalika kwa mitengo yamatabwa yamitengo kumakhala pafupifupi. Kutchire, ili ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi. Komabe, asayansi adakwanitsa kujambula mlandu pomwe munthu wamkulu amakhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pakadali pano, iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Woponda matabwa imasiyana ndi oimira ena a banja lokonda matabwa kukula kwake, mtundu wachilendo. Ali aang'ono, mutu wawo umakongoletsedwa ndi zisoti zofiira kwambiri, mwa akuluakulu - mawanga ofiira ang'onoang'ono. Mitengo yamatabwa yowonongeka ndi dongosolo lenileni la nkhalango. Amamasula mofulumira nyambo ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/14/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 20:42
