Ogwira agalu padziko lonse lapansi akhala akuyesetsa kuti agulitse galu yemwe adzakhala wopanda mantha, wodalirika, wolimba, wosachita nkhanza, wokhulupirika komanso wofatsa nthawi yomweyo.
Pakhala pali zoyesera zambiri kuti zidutse mmbulu wakutchire ndi galu wamkulu woweta, makamaka West Siberia ndi Samoyed Laika. Ntchito zonsezi zinali ndi cholinga chimodzi - kupeza galu, bwenzi lenileni laumunthu, yemwe mungadalire nthawi iliyonse.
Nthawi yomweyo, panali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga mwana wagalu wosakanizidwa kuchokera pamalowo, omwe sangakwaniritse zoyembekezera za omwe amakhala ndi agalu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho. Ana agalu omwe amapeza chifukwa chowoloka adalandira ukali woyipa kuchokera kwa makolo awo amtchire ndipo anali ovuta kuwaphunzitsa kapena, m'malo mwake, anali amantha kwambiri. Pakhala pali zochitika za kubadwa kwa anthu okhala ndi zofooka zosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha kuyesa kwanthawi yayitali, zidapezeka kuti maziko owoloka bwino amatengera mtundu wa nyama ndi kuthekera kwawo. Mmbulu uyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro kwa munthu, sayenera kuwonetsa kukwiya kowonjezereka.
Kuchokera kwa galu, mawonekedwe oyang'anira ndi ntchito amafunikira. Chifukwa cha kuyesaku, mtundu wapaderadera komanso watsopano wapangidwa posachedwa nkhandwe.
Wolfdog pachithunzichi amafanana ndi nkhandwe komanso galu woweta nthawi imodzi chifukwa ndi wosakanizidwa pakuwoloka mmbulu wakutchire ndi ziweto zoweta za ku Germany.
Mpaka pano, mtundu uwu sunazindikiridwe ndi akatswiri azamatsenga, koma omwe adawapanga analibe cholinga chotere. Kuyesera kumeneku kunali ndi zolinga zina - zimafunikira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamagulu apadera ndikupeza galu wapadziko lonse, wosatopa, wosavomerezeka.
Kuyesaku kunayenda bwino, ngakhale mpaka pano palibe wogwira ntchito nkhandwe yoswana nazale... Palibe ana agalu ochokera ku mtundu wosakanizidwa uku pogulitsa. Pali malo amodzi oti muwone ana agalu kolulu - uku ndikuyesa kumunda kwa ntchito zapadera zomwe zimabwereka agalu.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti palibe aliyense wodzilemekeza amene amakhala ndi galu amene angayang'anire ndikugulitsa galu kwa munthu. mtundu wa nkhandwe. Zimphona izi zimafunikira kuphunzitsidwa maluso apadera ndikugwira nawo ntchito kwakanthawi kwakanthawi nawo, kuyambira paunyamata.
Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi achinyengo omwe amapereka Gulani nkhandwe pamtengo winawake. Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa oterewa amakhala achinyengo enieni omwe sanapezepo mtundu wapaderawu. Kwa anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ndi chiweto ndi chipembedzo cha nkhandwe, mutha kuziwona ngati njira ina galu wolfdog Nkhandwe yaku Czech.
Zochitika zakale za nkhandwe
M'nthawi zakale, zimadziwika za kuwoneka kwa agalu oyamba a nkhandwe. Anthu adaphunzira za izi kuchokera pazofukula zakale. Zikuoneka kuti hybrids zoterezi zidali m'chigawo cha America zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Adawonekera ku Europe pambuyo pake.
Koma kuyambira pamenepo, sanakhale mtundu wosiyana chifukwa chaukali wawo, zolakwika zina, zovuta ndi zovuta zamaphunziro. Pakatikati pake, chinali chilombo chenicheni.
Chaka cha 2000 chinali chodziwika ndi chakuti obereketsa adapeza mmbulu wokoma mtima komanso wanzeru dzina lake Naida, yemwe adaleredwa ndi nkhalango kuyambira ali mwana. Nyama iyi sinali ndi zizolowezi za nkhandwe, yomwe idakhala maziko abwino kwambiri a zinyalala zamtsogolo.
Naida adawoloka ndi galu waku Germany wotchedwa Barin. Ntchitoyi sikupezeka pakadali pano. Koma ana agalu a wolfdog adabadwa kwa iye mkati mwa zaka 16. Perm Institute of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Ministry ili ndi zisanu Mimbulu ya Permian. Ena onse adalandiridwa kuboma.
Makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhandwe
Obereketsawo anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, koma chiwopsezo chawo chinali choyenera kupeza galu wokhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera:
- Kununkhira kwakuthwa, chifukwa chake hybrids amatha kununkhira njirayo pasanathe mphindi, amatenga kununkhira masiku asanu ndi awiri apitawa, ndikusiyanitsa kununkhira kwa magazi ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kuchokera kwa wodwala khansa. Agalu osavuta, ngakhale ali ndi banja labwino kwambiri, alibe mikhalidwe yotere.
- Mphamvu yamphamvu. Mano a mimbulu ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa, adapangidwa kuti azipha. Ndi maphunziro oyenera, hybrids awa akhoza kukhala zida zabwino motsutsana ndi adani chifukwa cha mano awo akuthwa, omwe samaperekedwa kwa agalu wamba.
- Kutalika kwa moyo. Pafupifupi, agalu amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20. Agalu a Wolf amakhala zaka 25 - 40.
- Kupanda chikondi, Nthawi zina kulumikizana kwapafupi kwa eni ake ndi chiweto chake kumasokoneza ntchito. Ngati m'busa waku Germany atha kunyong'onyeka ndi munthu wina yemwe ali ndi zambiri, ndiye kuweruza kufotokozera kwa nkhandwe, alibe gawo ili konse. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kuwongolera zochitika zaubongo wosakanizidwa m'njira yoyenera.
Zofunikira pa nyamayi ndi nzeru zawo zapamwamba, mikhalidwe yapadera ya mwana aliyense wagalu wamtunduwu. Palibe amene adaneneratu kuti zinyalala zidzakhala ndi mtundu wanji.
Ponena za mtundu wa mtunduwo, palibe zinthu wamba kwa iwo. Mwambiri, zonsezi zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe ya DNA mwa mwana wagalu. Kwa galu aliyense, chiwerengerochi ndi chake ndipo chimasiyana kwambiri kwa abale ndi alongo.
Chifukwa chake, palibenso mtundu wina wamakhalidwe agalu za nkhandwe. Koma pali china chofanana pakati pa agalu onsewa. Ndi achidwi, othamanga msanga, achangu, ofulumira kuphunzira, ali ndi nzeru zodabwitsa.
Makhalidwe a nkhandwe mokhudzana ndi anthu nawonso sizimadziwika. Koma mokulira, agalu samakhulupilira ndipo amasamala kwambiri ndi anthu. Agalu ena amatha kuwonetsa kuuma, kukalipa komanso mawonekedwe ovuta.
Koma, monga mukudziwa, mitundu yambiri yayikulu ya agalu imapatsidwa mawonekedwe otere. Mavuto oterewa amatha kupewedwa ngati muwaphunzitsa kuyambira ali aang'ono mpaka kucheza, kuwaphunzitsa molondola, komanso osawalanga. Mimbulu siyimalekerera chilango chamtundu koposa zonse. Pambuyo pakuphedwa kwanthawi yayitali, nyama imatha kukwiya komanso kusalamulirika.
Anthu omwe sali osiyana ndi agalu amakhalabe ndi nkhandwe. Amasangalala kukumba maenje, kutafuna ndi kutafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, kukwera mipanda ndikuwononga chilichonse choyandikira ngati zili pamalo obisika.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhandwe
Kulongosola kwa mtunduwo kumayang'aniridwa mwachidule komanso mwachangu. Wophatikiza ndi chidziwitso chake chakunja ayenera kukhala ngati nkhandwe ndikukhala wamkulu kukula. Kutalika kwapakati pa nkhandwe ndi 62-67 cm, ndikulemera kwa 35-45 kg.
Maonekedwe ake amathandizidwanso ndi mimbulu yokhala ndi thupi louma, mbali zosalala komanso zopindika, nsagwada zolimba, zomwe zimakhala ndi "imfa", burashi yayikulu kwambiri, miyendo yayitali ndi yolimba. Mtunduwo umathandizidwanso ndi imvi, ndimithunzi yake yonse.
Zadziwika kale kuti achibale oyandikira kwambiri a mimbulu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi utoto wakuda kuposa pichesi kapena agalu oyera. Chikhalidwe chokha komanso chosagwedezeka kwa agalu onsewa ndizoyenera komanso zokwanira.
Pakatikati pake, nkhandwe ndi mnzake wochezeka kwambiri, wokwanira komanso wophunzitsidwa mosavuta. Amakumana mwachangu ndi anthu atsopano ndikuzolowera zikhalidwe zatsopano. Kuti muphunzitse galu wotere, sikokwanira kuti munthu akhale ndi gawo la akatswiri, ndikofunikira kuti akhale akatswiri.
Nthawi zambiri, agalu ammbulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. M'mikhalidwe yomwe agalu wamba sangathe. Kusaka ndi nkhandwe makamaka kupusa kopanda tanthauzo chifukwa owetawo sanabereke chiweto pazifukwa izi.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza galuwe
Mwambiri, mikhalidwe ya chinyama ichi imapezekanso pamakhalidwe abwino, koma palinso zina zabwino zomwe muyenera kumvera:
- Sitiyenera ngakhale kuyankhula zakusunga mtundu uwu mu nyumba yaying'ono. Galu amakhala momasuka mnyumba yayikulu, yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, mnyumba ya aviary kapena kanyumba kosangalatsa. Itha kupangidwira nyumba, koma ndibwino kuyiyika pafupi ndi msewu.
- Kusunga chiweto china pamodzi ndi mtundu uwu ndi chosafunikira.
- Mulimonsemo simuyenera kumumanga unyolo. Zochita zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti pakapita nthawi, galu amakhala ngati wamisala ndikulephera kudziletsa. Kuphatikiza apo, galu amalira mosalekeza unyolo.
- Wolfdog ndiyofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi luso lotsogolera. Galu satenga munthu wamakhalidwe ofatsa mozama.
- Malo akulu ndi otseguka ndi omwe amafunikira kwambiri pakukula bwino ndikusintha kwanyama. Ngakhale galu ndi wolimba, ayenera kupatsidwa nyumba momwe mulibe maumboni.
Ndikofunika kuti akhale ndi mwayi wobisalira dzuwa lotentha mumthunzi komanso chisanu chozizira. Pakhoma lalitali limafunikira. Ndikokwanira kupereka galu madzi ndi chakudya munthawi yake ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muzing'amba malaya ake, komanso kuyang'anira momwe maso ndi makutu ake alili.
Mtengo wa galu wa nkhandwe ndikuwunikiranso za izi
Zatchulidwa kale kuti palibe malonda agaluwa. Chifukwa chake, palibe amene amalengeza mtengo wa nkhandwe. Pali zongoganiza kuti kubwereka pamwezi kumawononga ndalama zambiri.
Ponena za ndemanga za agalu a nkhandwe, ndizabwino kwambiri. Galu uyu, wokhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwa iyo, atha kukhala mnzake wokhulupirika kwambiri komanso wowona.
