Kuuluka pamwamba pamadzi albatross odziwika kwa anthu oyenda panyanja akuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Zinthu zopanda malire za mpweya ndi madzi zimayang'aniridwa ndi mbalame yamphamvu yomwe imawulukira kumtunda kuti ipitilize mpikisano, koma moyo wake wonse uli pamwamba pa nyanja ndi nyanja. Kuthambo kumateteza albatross pakati pa olemba ndakatulo. Malinga ndi nthano, amene adalimba mtima kupha mbalame adzalangidwa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame yam'madzi yayikulu kwambiri imalemera makilogalamu 13, mapiko a albatross mpaka mamita 3.7. Mwachilengedwe, kulibe mbalame zotere kukula kwake. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mbalame ndizofanana ndi glider, ndege yokhala ndi mpando umodzi, yopangidwa motsatira chitsanzo cha nzika zokongola za mnyanjayi. Mapiko amphamvu ndi kulemera kwa thupi amalola kuti inyamuke nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame zamphamvu kwa masabata 2-3 zimatha kuchita popanda sushi, kudya, kugona, kupumula pamwamba pamadzi.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a albatross ndi ma petrel. Mbalame zili ndi malamulo owoneka bwino okhala ndi nthenga zakuda - chitetezo chotentha komanso chopanda madzi. Mchira wa albatross ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri umadulidwa mopepuka. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza, aatali, ndi otalika kwambiri. Kapangidwe kawo kamapereka zabwino:
- pakunyamuka - osagwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwa minofu chifukwa cha tendon yapadera pakufalitsa mapiko;
- pothawa - zimauluka pamafunde am'nyanja, m'malo mouluka pamwamba pamadzi.
Albatross pachithunzichi imagwidwa nthawi zambiri modabwitsa. Miyendo ya Albatross ndi yayitali kwambiri. Zala zakumaso zimalumikizidwa ndi mamina akusambira. Chala chakumbuyo chikusowa. Miyendo yamphamvu imapereka chiyembekezo chodalirika, komabe mbalame zimawoneka bwanji albatross pamtunda, mutha kulingalira, ngati mungakumbukire kayendedwe ka bakha kapena tsekwe.
Nthenga zokongola zimatengera kusiyanasiyana kwa nthenga zakuda komanso zoyera pachifuwa. Kumbuyo ndi kunja kwa mapiko kumakhala kofiirira. Achinyamata amalandira zovala zotere pofika chaka chachinayi cha moyo wawo.
Mbalame ya Albatross ali m'gulu la mndandanda wa dongosolo la tubenose, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mphuno zopindika kukhala machubu owopsa. Kutalika kotalika, kutambasulidwa pathupi kumakuthandizani kuti muzimva kununkhiza, komwe si mbalame.
Mbali yosowa imeneyi imathandiza kupeza chakudya. Mlomo wamphamvu wokhala ndi milomo yolumikizika yaying'ono. Nyanga zapadera pakamwa zimathandiza kuti nsomba zizikhala zoterera.
Mverani mawu a albatross
Liwu la ambuye am'nyanja limafanana ndi kuyandikira kwa mahatchi kapena kuchuluka kwa atsekwe. Kugwira mbalame yonyenga sikovuta konse. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa sitima, kuponyera nyambo ndi mbedza ya nsomba pa chingwe chachitali. Pomwe zinali zapamwamba kukongoletsa zovala ndi nthenga, zinagwidwa chifukwa cha fluff, mafuta, osangalatsa.
Mbalame yakuda yakuda ikuuluka
Mbalame sizifa ndi madzi ozizira, sizimira pansi pa nyanja. Chilengedwe chawateteza ku nyengo zovuta. Koma mafuta omwe atayika kapena zoipitsa zina zimawononga mafuta osanjikiza pansi pa nthenga, ndipo mbalame zimatha kuuluka ndikufa ndi njala ndi matenda. Kuyera kwa madzi am'nyanja ndi sine qua yopanda kupulumuka kwawo.
Mitundu ya Albatross
Pakadali pano, mitundu 21 ya ma albatross imasiyanitsidwa, yonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wofananira komanso luso losayerekezeka poyendetsa ndege. Ndikofunika kuti mitundu 19 ilembedwe mu Red Book. Pali kutsutsana pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa zamoyo, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti malo okhala mbalame akhale oyera kuti achulukane.
Amsterdam albatross. Mtundu wosowa wopezeka ndi asayansi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 80 za m'ma 1900. Kukhazikika kuzilumba za Amsterdam za Indian Ocean. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuopsezedwa kuti chiwonongedwa.
Amsterdam albatross wamkazi ndi wamwamuna
Kukula kwa mbalameyi kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kubadwa kwake. Mtunduwo ndi bulauni kwambiri. Ngakhale maulendo ataliatali, abwereranso kwawo. Kusiyana kwakukula kumafotokozedwa ndikudzipatula kwamtundu wina.
Mbalame zotchedwa albatross. Mtundu woyera umakhalapo, kumtunda kwa mapikowo kumakhala ndi nthenga zakuda. Amakhala kuzilumba zakumadzulo. Ndi mtundu uwu womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala chinthu cha akatswiri azinyama. Akuyenda albatross ndiye mbalame yayikulu kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yofanana.
Mbalame zotchedwa albatross
Royal albatross. Habitat - ku New Zealand. Mbalameyi ili m'gulu la ziphona zazikulu za padziko lapansi. Mawonekedwewa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuuluka kwake kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri mpaka 100 km / h. Zachifumu albatross ndi mbalame yodabwitsa, omwe moyo wawo ndi zaka 50-53.
Royal albatross
Tristan albatross... Amasiyana mtundu wakuda ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu yayikulu. Kutha. Habitat - zilumba za Tristan da Cunha. Chifukwa chachitetezo chotetezedwa, ndikotheka kupewa zovuta za anthu ena, kuti tisunge mitundu yosawerengeka ya albatross.
Tristan albatross
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Moyo wa mbalame ndi maulendo osatha am'nyanja, kuyenda kwamlengalenga kwamakilomita masauzande ambiri. Ma Albatross nthawi zambiri amayenda limodzi ndi zombo. Atagonjetsa ngalawayo, amazungulira pamwamba pake, kenako amaoneka ngati akuyandama kumbuyo kwake poyembekezera china chodyedwa. Ngati amalinyero adyetsa mnzake, mbalameyo imamira m'madzi, imasonkhanitsa chakudya ndikutsatiranso kumbuyo.
Nyengo yodekha ndi nthawi yoti ma albatross apumule. Amapinda mapiko awo akulu, amakhala pamtunda, amagona pamwamba pamadzi. Pambuyo bata, mphepo yoyamba yamkuntho imathandizira kukwera mlengalenga.
Masitala oyenera a sitima zapamadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofunitsitsa pafupi ndi zombo kuti apeze ntchito. Mbalame zimakonda kunyamuka pamalo okwera. Mapiri ndi malo otsetsereka ndi malo abwino oyendako.
Jets za mphepo, kuwonetsera kwa mafunde ampweya kuchokera kutsetsereka kwa mafunde kumathandizira mbalamezo zikanyamuka, zimatsagana nazo posinthana pamalo osaka ndi kudyetsa. Kuuluka kwaulere, kofunitsitsa komanso kwamphamvu, kuthamanga kwa mphepo mpaka 20 km / h kumathandiza albatross kuti igonjetse 400 km patsiku, koma mtunda uwu suyimira malire awo.
Mafunde am'mlengalenga ndi mbalame zimathamanga mpaka 80-100 km / h zimawalola kuti asunthe makilomita chikwi patsiku. Mbalamezo zinali zouluka padziko lonse lapansi masiku 46. Nyengo yamkuntho ndi gawo lawo. Amatha kukhala kwa maola ambiri panyanja osapanga kayendedwe ka mapiko awo.
Fodya albatross
Oyenda panyanja amagwirizanitsa kuoneka kwa ma albatross ndi tizilomboti tofananako ndi mkuntho; samakondwera nthawi zonse ndi ma barometers achilengedwe. M'malo okhala ndi chakudya chambiri, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimakhazikika mwamtendere ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu popanda chiwonetsero chilichonse: gulls, boobies, petrels. Gulu lalikulu la mbalame zaulere zopanda zochitika zimapangidwa. M'malo ena, kunja kwa chisa, albatross amakhala okha.
Kupupuluma ndi kufatsa kwa mbalame zimalola munthu kuyandikira. Izi zimakhudza ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapha mbalame. Sanakhale ndi luso loteteza, chifukwa amakhala kwanthawi yayitali kutali ndi adani.
Madera kumene albatross amakhalandizowonjezera. Kuphatikiza pa gawo la Nyanja ya Arctic, mbalame zimapezeka pafupifupi m'nyanja zonse zakumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Albatrosses amatchedwa okhala ku Antarctic.
Mbalame ya Albatross
Mitundu ina yapita ku Southern Hemisphere chifukwa cha anthu. Kuyenda kudera lamtendere la equator ndizosatheka kwa iwo, kupatula ma albatross ena. Ma Albatross alibe nyengo zosamukira kwakanthawi. Pambuyo pomaliza kuswana, mbalame zimauluka m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Zakudya zabwino
Zokonda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya albatross zimasiyana pang'ono, ngakhale zimalumikizidwa ndi chakudya wamba, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:
- nkhanu;
- zooplankton;
- nsomba;
- nkhono;
- zovunda.
Mbalame zimayang'ana nyama kuchokera kumwamba, nthawi zina zimaigwira pamwamba, nthawi zambiri zimalowa m'madzi mpaka kuya kwa mita 5-12. Ma Albatross amasaka masana. Kutsatira zombo, amadya zinyalala zakunja. Pamtunda, ma penguin, zotsalira za nyama zakufa, zimalowa mu chakudya cha mbalame.
Albatross ndi nyama yake
Malinga ndi zomwe apeza, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma albatross imasaka m'malo osiyanasiyana: ena - pafupi ndi kamphepete mwa nyanja, ena - kutali ndi nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, albatross yongoyendayenda imasaka malo okha akuya osachepera 1000 mita. Asayansi sanadziwebe momwe mbalame zimazindikira kuzama.
M'mimba mwa mbalame nthawi zambiri mumapeza zinyalala zapulasitiki pamadzi kapena m'malo azilumba. Choopseza chachikulu ku moyo wa mbalame chimachokera kwa iye. Zinyalala sizimakumbidwa, zimabweretsa malingaliro abodza okhutira, pomwe mbalame imafooka ndikufa. Anapiye sapempha chakudya, amasiya kukula. Malo azachilengedwe akuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti ayeretse kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ma Albatross amapanga maanja kamodzi, amazindikira anzawo atasiyana nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yogona imatha masiku 280. Kusaka mnzanu kumatenga zaka zingapo. Chilankhulo chamanja chapadera chimapangidwa mkati mwa banjali, chomwe chimathandiza kuti banja likhale logwirizana. Mbalame zimakhala ndi miyambo yokongola yokwatirana, yomwe imaphatikizapo kulumikiza nthenga za mnzanuyo, kutembenuka ndikuponya mitu yawo, kugwedeza, kutambasula mapiko, "kupsompsona" (kugwira mlomo).
M'madera akutali, magule, kufuula kumatsatana ndi zachilendo, pakuwona koyamba, miyambo, kotero kodi mbalame ya albatross imawoneka bwanji zodabwitsa. Mapangidwe awiriawiri a mbalame amatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kenako ma albatross amapanga chisa kuchokera ku peat kapena nthambi zowuma, zazikazi zimagona padzira. Onse makolo amafungatira anapiye, mosinthana wina ndi mnzake kwa miyezi 2.5.
Royal albatross wamkazi wokhala ndi mwana wankhuku
Mbalame ikukhala pachisa sichidyetsa, siyenda, ndipo imachepetsa. Makolo amadyetsa mwana wankhuku kwa miyezi 8-9, mumubweretsere chakudya. Nthawi yovundikira imachitika pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse, imafunikira mphamvu zambiri.
Makulidwe a albatross ali ndi zaka 8-9. Mtundu wabulauni-bulauni wachinyamata pang'onopang'ono umalowetsedwa ndi zovala zoyera ngati chipale. Ku gombe, anapiye okula amaphunzira kuuluka ndipo pamapeto pake amadziwa bwino malo omwe ali pamwamba pa nyanja.
Nthawi ya moyo yaomwe agonjetsa nyanja ndi theka la zaka zana limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Zikaimirira pamapiko, mbalame zodabwitsa zimanyamuka ulendo wautali ndikumakakamizidwa kubwerera kwawo.
