Bowa wa uchi ndi imodzi mwa bowa wabwino kwambiri. Ngati zofunikira pakupeza, kuzindikira ndi kusonkhanitsa zikuwonetsedwa, chokani kunkhalangoko ndi basiketi yodzaza kwambiri.
Malo okhala uchi agarics
Ndi fungus ya parasitic yomwe imafalitsa mitengo m'munda ndi nkhalango zonse. Ngati kulibe mitengo pafupi, bowa wa uchi umamera muudzu. Bowa wina wasankha nkhalango, kufunafuna bowa pakati pa mitengo yamoyo, yakufa ndi yakufa.
Bowa wafalikira kudera lonse la Europe, koma ku Scandinavia. Mitunduyi imapezekanso m'malo ena ambiri padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza North America.
Bowa wa uchi ndi wakupha mwakachetechete
Bowa ndi vuto lalikulu pakulima maluwa, ndikupha mitengo yambiri m'minda ndi nkhalango. Zonsezi zimayamba ndi ma spores omwe amatengedwa ndi mphepo. Ngati pali bala pang'ono pakhunguyo, spore imamera ndikupatsira mtengo wonse. Mphukira yomwe imamera imatulutsa mycelium yoyera, yomwe imakula ngati khoka ndikudya cambium pansi pa khunguyo, kenako imadutsa mpaka ku mizu ndi gawo lobisika la mtengowo.
Zosefera zomwe zimafalitsa bowa mumtengo ndipo, koposa zonse, kuchokera pamtengo umodzi kupita ku wina, zimalumikiza mycelium mumtengo wokhala ndi kachilomboko ndi mtengo watsopano wokhala nawo womwe uli pamtunda wa mita zingapo.
Zizindikiro za bowa infestation
Mu zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo, masamba amasanduka achikasu, amachepetsa kukula ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kukula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga ma callus pamabala pamapezeka. Zomera zina zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka zimawonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zingapo, pomwe zina zimafa mwadzidzidzi.
Zosiyana ndi uchi wa agarics
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uchi wa agarics imasiyana pang'ono. Kunja, ndi ofanana ndipo amasiyana kokha ndi mtundu wa zisoti - kuchokera wachikaso mpaka bulauni yakuda.
- Bowa ali ndi mphete m'miyendo mwawo, pokhapokha ngati ali mtundu wa "bowa wobwerera m'mbuyo".
- Nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi tsitsi laling'onoting'ono pamakutu awo.
- Bowa wa uchi amakonda kukula m'magulu, matupi a bowa amabala zipatso pafupi ndi pakati pa gululo.
- Amamera panthaka kapena molunjika kuchokera kumitengo yakufa, yakufa, kapena yodwala.
- Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chisindikizo choyera cha spore.
Maonekedwe a bowa
Chipewa
5 mpaka 15 cm masentimita, hemispheric to convex mawonekedwe. Ndi ukalamba, umakhala wolimba ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono. Masikelo ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amwazika m'mbali mwa ambulera, yomwe imazimiririka posachedwa. Chipewa chimakhala cholimba pakatikati, m'mphepete mwake mumakwezedwa bowa ali wachichepere, ndiye pafupifupi owongoka, kupindika mu bowa wachikulire. Mikwingwirima imawonedwa pamtunda. Chipewa ndichotuwa kapena choyera, ndikakalamba chimakhala uchi wachikaso, wachikaso wachikaso, pabuka lofiirira ndi malo akuda pakati. Mnofu ndi woyera komanso wolimba.
Hymenium
Mitsempha siimakhala yolimba kwambiri, kutsika kapena kukwera motsatira pedicle, poyamba yoyera, kenako yofiirira, kumapeto kwa moyo wachita dzimbiri.
Mwendo
5-12 x 1-2 cm, cylindrical, nthawi zina kukulitsidwa kapena kuchepera m'munsi, sinuous, fibrous, wandiweyani, ndiye kuchuluka kwake kumachepa, pamapeto pake, kubowoka. White kwa kapu mtundu, brownish m'munsi. Yokongoletsedwa ndi ulusi womwe umazimiririka mwachangu pamphete ya nthenga.
Lizani
Ili pamwamba pa tsinde ndipo imawoneka ngati mphete iwiri yokhala ndi mbali zachikasu zachrome. Kakhungu, kosalekeza, kojambulidwa kumtunda, konyentchera kumunsi.
Zamkati
Osakhala wochuluka kwambiri, wolimba komanso wolimba mu tsinde, loyera, limatulutsa fungo lokoma la bowa, lowawa pang'ono.
Bowa wodyera uchi
Bowa wachilimwe
Bowa wokongolayo wokoma amawoneka chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri mumagulu akulu, pamitengo yamitengo yotambalala.
Bowa zazing'ono zamitunduyi zimawoneka kuti zimamera m'nkhalango, koma mukachotsa masamba ndi nthambi zomwe zidagwa, mupeza momwe amadyera nkhuni zomwe zidakwiriridwa.
Bowa wachilimwe wafika ponseponse m'maiko onse aku Europe kuyambira ku Scandinavia mpaka ku Mediterranean komanso madera ambiri aku Asia, Australia ndi North America.
Chipewa
Kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 masentimita awiri, otsekemera pachiyambi, amakhala osalala ndi msinkhu wokhala ndi ambulera yayikulu. Chowala chachikaso chowoneka bwino mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, kenako chimakhala chowoneka bwino pakati, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awiri. Mnofu wake ndi wabulauni komanso wowonda.
Ndi mtundu wa hygrophilous. Imauma pakati. Mphepete yakunja ndi yakuda, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi malo owopsa omwe ali m'malire, omwe amauma, ndi ochepa m'mphepete, malo amakhalabe akuda.
Mitsuko
Mitsempha yambiri imayamba kukhala yotuwa ndipo imasintha sinamoni ngati ma spores amakula.
Mwendo
Wotumbululuka komanso wosalala pamphete. Pansi pake pamakhala zonyezimira, zotuwa komanso zachikaso zofiirira, pang'ono ndi pang'ono pansi. 5 mpaka 10 mm m'mimba mwake ndi 3 mpaka 8 masentimita kutalika, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhota. Mnofu wa tsinde lolimba ndi bulauni wotumbululuka pamwamba, ndikusintha kukhala kofiirira pansi.
Sitampu yotsutsana
Bulauni bulauni mpaka bulauni wakuda. Fungo / kukoma sikusiyana.
Nyengo yokolola
Chaka chonse, koma koposa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Dambo bowa
Amakula m'madambo, msipu komanso nthawi zina m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ku Europe konse komanso ku North America. Bowa wam'madzi amauma kwathunthu nyengo yotentha kwambiri, mvula ikatha imabweretsanso mawonekedwe ake ndi utoto, amawoneka ngati matupi azipatso zatsopano, amapanga maselo atsopano ndikupanga zipatso zatsopano. Bowa wam'madzi amakhala ndi shuga wambiri wotchedwa trehalose, womwe umalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo pakawonongeka matupi azipatso, amatulutsa mbewu zatsopano mosasamala kanthu za kuyanika ndi kuziziritsa.
Bowa lofala limakula bwino pa kapinga ndi m'mapaki, limakhalabe moyo ngakhale komwe anthu amayenda pafupipafupi. Bowa zazing'ono izi nthawi zambiri zimapanga zamatsenga pafupi-bwino, koma mpheteyo ikadutsa njira yomwe nyama kapena anthu amayendera, magawo osiyanasiyana azakudya ndi kachulukidwe ka nthaka zimabweretsa kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa mycelium wapansi. Zotsatira zake, mpheteyo imasokonekera ikawoloka njira yopondera.
Chipewa
Masentimita awiri mpaka awiri kupingasa, koyambirira kokhazikika, kosalala ndi ambulera yayikulu, yonyezimira kapena yofiirira, njati kapena kirimu wotumbululuka, yosalala, nthawi zina yokhala ndi mabowo ofooka ochepa.
Mitsuko
Zomata pa tsinde kapena lotayirira, zoyera, zoyera ndi msinkhu.
Mwendo
Kutalika kwa 4 mpaka 8 cm ndi 2 mpaka 6 mm m'mimba mwake, yolimba komanso yosinthika, yoyera, imachita mdima kuyera yoyera komanso yotsika, yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina imafufuma pang'ono, yosalala komanso youma. Mnofu wa tsinde umafanana ndi khungu la mzungu. Chisindikizo cha spore chimakhala chofewa. Kununkhira ndi bowa, koma osati mawonekedwe. Kukoma ndi kofewa, pang'ono mtedza. Nthawi yokolola imayamba kuyambira mu Juni mpaka Novembala.
Bowa wachisanu
Kunja bowa wokongola wachilalanje-bulauni nthawi yachisanu amabala zipatso nthawi yonse yozizira pazitsa zowola ndikuyimirira nkhuni zakufa. M'bulu wa zipewa zokongola za golide-lalanje zodzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa m'mawa wozizira zimawoneka mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware, ngati dzinja silikhala lovuta kwambiri.
Gawo lakumtunda la tsinde la zipatso zazing'ono ndilotumbululuka, gawo lakumunsi lakuda kwambiri la tsinde limayikidwa m'manda owola omwe bowa limakula.
Pamitengo yakufa, masango, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi magawo angapo, zisoti za bowa wachisanu ndizofanana. Pamtengo wogwa, bowa amadzazidwa palimodzi kotero kuti zisoti zimakhala pafupifupi.
Mafangayi amapezeka pamiyala yakufa, mitengo ya phulusa, beeches ndi thundu, ndipo nthawi zina pamitengo ina yamitundumitundu. Bowa wachisanu umamera m'malo ambiri ku Europe, North Africa ndi Asia, ku North America.
Chipewa
Masentimita awiri mpaka awiri kupyola, nthawi zambiri amapotozedwa ndi zisoti zoyandikana nawo mu tsango, lalanje lowala, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mdima pang'ono pakati. Mucous nyengo yamvula, youma, yosalala komanso yowala m'malo owuma.
Mitsuko
Zimakhala zoyera komanso zotakata poyamba, zimakhala zachikasu pomwe thupi la zipatso limacha.
Mwendo
Wolimba komanso wokutidwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri amakhala opindika pafupi ndi kapu, bulauni kumunsi. Kusindikiza kwa spore koyera.
Fungo / kukoma sikusiyana.
Bowa wabodza
Mitundu yambiri ya bowa wokhala ndi poyizoni komanso waizoni kunja kwake imafanana ndi bowa wa uchi. Amakulira limodzi pamtengo womwewo, motero, mwachangu, simungazindikire ndikudzaza dengu ndi bowa wakupha.
Sopo sulfure Wabodza wachikasu
Chipewa
2-5 masentimita, otukuka, amakhala otukuka kwambiri kapena pafupifupi mosabisa, wadazi, owuma. Bowa wachichepere amakhala wachikasu-bulauni kapena lalanje, amakhala wachikaso wowala, wachikasu wobiriwira kapena wachikaso chagolide wokhala ndi malo akuda kwambiri. M'mphepete mwake pali zidutswa zing'onozing'ono, zopyapyala za chophimba.
Mitsuko
Yopezeka pafupi, yolumikizidwa kapena kutayika kuchokera pa tsinde. Wachikasu, amakhala azitona kapena wachikasu wobiriwira, chifukwa cha kufumbi ndi ma spores, amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wakuda.
Tsinde
Kutalika 3-10 cm, 4-10 mm wandiweyani; zochulukirapo kapena zochepa zofanana Mtundu kuchokera pachikaso chofiirira mpaka bulauni wachikaso, mawanga ofiira otuwa amayamba kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Chophimba chowala chachikaso mu bowa wachichepere chimatha msanga kapena kusiya zone ngati mphete yofooka.
Mnofu ndi woonda, wachikasu. Fungo silosiyana, kukoma kumakhala kowawa. Zojambula za spore zofiirira-bulauni.
Seroplate yabodza yonyenga
Chipewa
Masentimita 2-6, belu woboola pakati kuti akhale wotukuka, amakhala wooneka ngati belu, wotambalala kwambiri, kapena pafupifupi wolimba. Nthawi zina ndimakhotakhota kumapeto kwa bowa wachinyamata. Zotsalira zotsalira za chophimba zimatsalira m'mbali mwake. Wodwala, wouma kuchokera ku bulauni wachikaso mpaka bulauni wonyezimira mpaka sinamoni. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala mdima pakati ndikumayang'ana m'mphepete, nthawi zambiri kumagawana kwambiri mukakhwima.
Mitsuko
Chophatikirapo kapena chosakanikirana ndi tsinde, choyera kapena chachikasu poyamba, chimakhala imvi ndipo pamapeto pake chimakhala chofiirira.
Mwendo
Kutalika kwa 2-8 cm, 4-10 mm wandiweyani. Okhwima, osachepera pang'ono, kapena opendekera pang'ono kumunsi pomwe akukula m'magulu oyandikira. Wodwala kapena wopyapyala pang'ono, wonyezimira ngati kapu kapena womata.
Thupi: Kuyera kukhala wachikasu; nthawi zina amatembenukira chikasu pang'onopang'ono akadulidwa. Fungo ndi kulawa sizosiyana. Chisindikizo cha spore ndi bulauni-bulauni.
Froth wabodza madzi
Chipewa
Poyamba hemispherical, imakhala yopangidwa ndi belu, kumapeto komaliza pafupifupi 2-4 masentimita. Zidutswa za chophimba choyera zimamatira m'mphepete ndikupachikika pamwamba pake, zimacheperako ndi msinkhu wobala zipatso, ndipo pamapeto pake zimasanduka zakuda kuchokera ku spores. Zipewa zotumphuka zimaswa ngati bowa amagawanika kwambiri.
Poyamba, zipewa zimakhala zofiirira mdima, pang'onopang'ono zimasanduka zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Zitsanzo zokhwima ndizosakanikirana, zimasintha mtundu kutengera ngati ndi yonyowa kapena youma, imakhala yofiirira kapena beige m'mphepete mwa kapu m'nyengo youma.
Mitsuko
Yopapatiza, obadwa nako, Chimaona ndi mwachilungamo pafupi. Poyamba pinki-beige, pang'onopang'ono amakhala ofiira akuda ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala akuda.
Mwendo
4 mpaka 8 mm m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 8 kutalika, molunjika kapena pang'ono kupindika ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ulusi wosalala.
Chophimba chotsalira chomwe chimakwirira timitsempha tating'onoting'ono chimang'ambika posachedwa pamene chipewacho chikukula, ndikusiya zidutswa zoyera zolumikizidwa m'mphepete mwa kapu, osakhala ndi zipsera pa pedicle. Matte, mealy pamwamba pamwamba komanso yosalala kumapeto.
Matupi azipatso akamakula, zimayambira mumdima chifukwa chakugwa, makamaka pansi. Zisindikizo za spore ndizofiirira, pafupifupi zakuda. Fungo silosiyana, kukoma kumakhala kowawa.
Kusiyana pakati pa agarics wabodza ndi nthawi yophukira
Zothandiza za uchi agarics
Bowa wokoma ndi wonunkhira ndi wochuluka komanso wotsika mtengo. Ophika amawakonda chifukwa cha otsika kalori okhutira ndi michere yamtengo wapatali. Bowa muli zinc ndi mkuwa, mavitamini B ndi ascorbic acid.
Contraindications, ndani sayenera kudya bowa
Bowa wokalima amalimidwa m'mafamu, chifukwa chake palibe chiopsezo ngati mugula bowa m'masitolo. Komabe, bowa wa uchi amaputa m'mimba, bile, chiwindi ndi kapamba.
Zakudya za bowa zimawonjezera zovuta, zimatsutsana kwa ana ndi amayi apakati.
