Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala otter sea
Mbalame zotchedwa sea otter kapena sea otter ndizinyama zolusa za m'nyanja ya Pacific. Omwe akuyimira nyama zakunyanja ya Pacific ndi nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zotchedwa sea otters, zotchedwanso otters kapena ma beavers am'nyanja.
Monga tawonera chithunzi chotchedwa sea otter, ndi nyama yapakatikati yokhala ndi mphuno yophwatalala pang'ono ndi mutu wozungulira. Kawirikawiri otters am'nyanja, omwe amawoneka ngati nyama zazing'ono zam'nyanja, amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, ochepera kukula kwa zisindikizo zaubweya, ma walrus ndi zisindikizo.
Ma otter aamuna, omwe amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, amafika osapitirira 45 kg. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi la nyama (pafupifupi masentimita 30 kapena pang'ono pang'ono) ndi mchira.
Mphuno yakuda ndi yayikulu imawonekera kwambiri pankhope, koma maso ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo makutu ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti amawoneka osawonekera pamutu pa zamoyozi. popereka malongosoledwe a otter wam'nyanja, ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti vibrissae zazikulu zimayenda pamwamba pa ubweya wa m'mphuno ya nyama - tsitsi lolimba, lomwe chilengedwe chapatsa zinyama zambiri ngati ziwalo zogwira.
Mitundu ya nyama ndiyopepuka komanso yamdima, yosiyana mitundu, kuchokera kufiira mpaka bulauni. Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti pali anthu akuda mwamtheradi - ma melanists ndi azungu oyera - albino.
Ubweya wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani wa otters am'nyanja, wopangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya tsitsi: ubweya ndi kulondera, umalola kuti nyamazo zizitha kutentha m'madzi ozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wakalewo umagwera mwamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale umasintha chaka chonse, chomwe ndichinthu chodziwika bwino cha nyama zam'madzi izi.
Nyama zotchedwa sea otter amasamalira bwino ubweya wake, ndipo amakhala ngati chitetezo chabwino kwa iye kuzinthu zosakhala bwino zakunja, komwe chilengedwe chidathandizira nyamayo kuzolowera. Malo okonda kwambiri nyanja yam'madzi ndi nyanja zam'madzi. Amabwera kumtunda nthawi zina kuti aume pang'ono.
Komabe, zonsezi zimadalira malo okhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, otters am'nyanja omwe amakhala ku California amakonda kukhala m'madzi usana ndi usiku. Ndipo anthu okhala pachilumba cha Medny, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwamagawo a Kamchatka, amapita kumtunda kukagona.
Nyengo ndiyofunikanso. Mphepo yamkuntho nyanja otter sangayerekeze kusambira pafupi ndi gombe. Maonekedwe akumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kwa nyama ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Zingwe za nyama kutsogolo ndi zazifupi ndipo zimakhala ndi zala zazitali, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zolengedwa izi zigwire nyama ndipo, monga vibrissae, zimagwira ntchito ngati ziwalo zogwira.
Pachithunzicho otter wam'nyanja ndi mwana wa ng'ombe
Cholinga cha miyendo yakumbuyo yolumikizidwa, yofanana ndi zipsepse ndi zala zazing'ono, ndizosiyana kwambiri, zimathandiza zolengedwa kusambira ndikutsika mwangwiro. Nyama zotere sizimangokhala pagombe la California, ndipo ndizochulukirapo ku Washington State, Alaska, kufupi ndi gombe la Canada ku British Columbia.
Ku Russia, nyama izi zimapezeka makamaka ku Far East ndipo, monga tanenera kale, kuzilumba za Kamchatka Territory.
Mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi
Nyanja otter nyanja otter ndi a akatswiri a zoo kwa a weasels, pokhala nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri pabanjali. Pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kapena atatu apitawo, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, malinga ndi asayansi, zinali zochulukirapo ndipo zinafika mpaka anthu mamiliyoni angapo, omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yayikulu ya Pacific.
Komabe, m'zaka zapitazi, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nyamazo, zinthu zawo zidasokonekera kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe zidatetezedwa, zomwe zimadziwika mu Red Book. Mitundu yam'madzi adakhazikika m'malo awo akale, kuphatikiza apo, njira zina zodzitetezera zidatengedwa, ndipo kusaka nyama izi kunali koletsedwanso.
Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kudakwera pang'ono, koma malo okhala ndi ochepa. Pakadali pano, otters am'nyanja agawika asayansi m'magawo atatu. Mwa iwo kumpoto kwa nyanja otter, California ndi Asia, kapena wamba.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa otter wam'nyanja
Izi ndi nyama zamtendere, zochezeka, zosamalira popanda nkhanza, kwa abale awo komanso oimira nyama, komanso kwa anthu.
Kutengeka koteroko kunakhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zowonongera nyama izi, zomwe sizinkawonetsa kutchera khutu ngakhale munthawi zowopsa ndikulola osaka kuyandikira pafupi nawo. Nthawi zambiri, otters am'madzi amakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, samangokhala masiku awo okha.
Ngati watsopano akufuna kulowa nawo gulu la otters am'nyanja, amalandilidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe amene amasokoneza omwe ali ndi chisankho chosiya gululo. Chiwerengero cha madera otter panyanja chimasinthasintha, ndipo oimira okhaokha azimuna ndi akazi, komanso nyama zazing'ono, atha kukhala mamembala ake.
Nthawi zambiri, mamembala amtunduwu amatha nthawi yopuma pokhapokha, akusonkhana m'malo ena, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango zam'madzi. Kuyenda otter nyanja otter osakonda kwenikweni, koma ngati anthu ena amayenda maulendo ataliatali, ndiye amuna okha.
Nzeru za nyama zimapangidwa bwino. Nthawi yogwira tsiku lawo ndi tsiku. Kudzuka m'mawa kwambiri nyama zam'madzi otter nthawi yomweyo amafunafuna chakudya ndikupanga chimbudzi, ndikubweretsa malaya ake bwino.
Chofunikira kwa otters am'nyanja ndikusamalira ubweya wawo womwe, womwe amatsuka bwino ndikuthira tsiku lililonse, kumasula tsitsi ku zotsalira za ntchofu ndi chakudya, kuwonjezera apo, mwanjira imeneyi amathandizira ubweya kuti usanyowe kwathunthu, zomwe ndizofunikira kupewa hypothermia ya thupi lawo lonse.
Masana, malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, nyamazo zimayamba kupumula pang'ono. Madzulo, otters am'nyanja amaperekanso kulumikizana ndi masewera, pomwe malo apadera amaperekedwa kuti azikondana komanso kukondana. Kenako mupumulenso ndi kulumikizana. Usiku, nyama zimagona.
Zakudya zam'madzi zam'madzi
Mu nyengo yamtendere, otters panyanja pofunafuna chakudya amatha kusunthira kutali ndi gombe. Akamadzipezera chakudya, amadumphira pansi kwambiri ndipo amakhala m'madzi kwa masekondi 40.
Ndipo atapeza chakudya choyenera m'nyanja, samadya nyama yawo nthawi yomweyo, koma amatola zikopa m'makola apadera, omwe amawoneka ngati matumba omwe ali pansi pa dzanja lamanzere ndi lamanja.
Moyo wokangalika m'madzi ozizira umakakamiza nyama kuti zizidya chakudya chochuluka. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti patsiku amakakamizidwa kuyamwa michere mpaka 25% ya kulemera kwawo. Zosowa zawo ndi zomwe amakonda zimayenderana ndi zolengedwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu khumi ndi inayi yazinthu zam'madzi.
Zina mwa izo ndi starfish ndi makutu, mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Nkhanu, ziphuphu, scallops, chiton, mamazelo ndi zikopa zam'madzi zimatha kukhala zokoma. Ma otter akunyanja amadyetsa nyamakazi, koma pazigawo zonse za zamoyozi, zimangodya zokopa zokha.
Atatuluka m'madzi atasaka bwino, nyama zimayamba kudya. Amachita zinthu mochenjera kwambiri kwakuti, atazindikira mollusk, amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yomwe amapeza pansi panyanja, kwinaku akuyika nyama zawo m'mimba ndikumenya ndi zinthu zolemera.
Nthawi zambiri zida zotere zimasungidwa m'makutu mwa chikopa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito nthawi yomweyo. M'matumba awo, nyamazo zimanyamulanso chakudya chomwe chatsalira kuchokera pachakudya chambiri. Ndipo zikatha kudya, nyama zoyera zimayenera kutsuka ubweya wawo. Mbalame zam'madzi zimathetsa ludzu lawo ndi madzi am'nyanja, ndipo impso zawo zimatha kukonza mcherewu.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa otter wam'nyanja
Pakati pa masewerawa polumikizana ndi nyama zomwe zafotokozedwazo, kukopana ndi amuna ndi akazi kumakhala malo apadera, pomwe amuna amasambira ndikusambira ndi osankhidwa awo kwanthawi yayitali.
Chibwenzi chimakhala chaka chonse, palibe nthawi yokhazikika yosankhira nyama izi, ndipo kuswana, komwe kumatheka anthu atakwanitsa zaka zisanu, kumachitika mosalekeza komanso nthawi iliyonse. Zowona, kumadera ena komwe kumakhala nyama, ndi nthawi yachilimwe yomwe imaperekedwa pamiyambo yogonana.
Nthawi yamasewera, abwanawa amatenga zibwenzi zawo pamphuno, motero amawagwira panthawi yogonana. Tsoka ilo, chithandizo chotere nthawi zambiri chimabweretsa mavuto omvetsa chisoni. Atakwatirana, abwenziwo amakhala ndi osankhidwa awo osapitirira masiku asanu ndi limodzi, pambuyo pake amachoka osachita chidwi ndi anawo komanso osatenga nawo mbali pakulera. Ndipo anzawo, atakhala ndi pakati miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu yapakati, amachoka kuti akabadwire kumtunda, posachedwa amabala mwana mmodzi.
Ngati mapasa atuluka, ndiye kuti, monga m'modzi, m'modzi mwa akhanda akhanda ndi omwe amapulumuka. Chachiwiri chili ndi mwayi ngati chingatengeredwe ndi mayi wina wopanda mwai yemwe mwana wake wamwalira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Ana amabadwa opanda thandizo ndipo miyezi yoyamba satha kukhala ndi moyo, kukula popanda chisamaliro cha amayi. Akazi amanyamula ana awo m'mimba, osawasiya kuti azisamalira okha ndikumasula kwakanthawi kochepa kuti azidyetsa m'madzi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chifukwa chake amayi otchera panyanja amasamalira ana kudya ndi kusaka moyenera. Ana amayamba kuyesa chakudya cholimba patatha mwezi umodzi, osati kale. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi amatenga nawo mbali mwachangu ndi ana awo, kuwasisita ndi kuwaponya, kuwachitira zachikondi ndi chikondi, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, aziteteza ana awo modzipereka, kudziika pachiwopsezo.
Mumikhalidwe yabwinobwino, otters am'nyanja sakhala zaka zopitilira khumi ndi chimodzi, ngakhale kulinso ndi ziwindi zazitali zomwe zimatha kukhalapo pafupifupi kotala la zana limodzi. Koma ali mu ukapolo, nyama izi zimakhala motalikirapo, zili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwazaka zingapo.
