Bluebird - maloto ndi zenizeni
Chithunzi cha mbalame ya buluu, yopanga loto, idayamba koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 chifukwa cha sewero lotchuka la wolemba waku Belgian M. Meterlinck. Kumufunafuna ndi gawo la aliyense amene amalota za chisangalalo.
Koma okonda okhaokha osasunthika sanataye chikhulupiriro, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mbalame yotereyi kulibe m'chilengedwe. Maloto a mbalame yabuluu - zosatheka kuzikwaniritsa.
Chilengedwe chinakhala cholemera kuposa malingaliro aumunthu. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame amadziwa mtundu uwu wa mbalame, womwe umatchedwa lilac kapena whistling thrush, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo malinga ndi magwero ambiri, mbalame ya buluu yokha.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala bluebird
Malo okhala thrush wodabwitsa amapezeka m'maiko a Indochina pakati pa mapiri ndi zigwa za mapiri a Himalaya. Kugawidwa kwa mtundu wa bluebird kwawonedwa mdera lalikulu la mapiri a Tien Shan m'maiko asanu aku Central Asia: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan. Ku Russia amakhala kumapiri a Transcaucasia, ku Europe bluebird amakhala kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Amakhala nyengo yozizira kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, zilumba za Philippines.
Mbalame zimasankha madera okwera mapiri okwera 1000 mpaka 3500 m pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Malo amiyala ndi miyala yokhala ndi mphako, ming'alu yamiyala, mathithi amadzi ndi mitsinje yam'mapiri ndimalo okondedwa mbalame.
Kufotokozera kwa bluebird ikufanana ndi thrush yotchuka, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakutali kwa miyendo ndi mchira. Ndi zazikulu ndipo zimawoneka zamphamvu komanso zolimba. Kutalika kwa mapiko ang'onoang'ono ozungulira kumakhala mpaka masentimita 45. Kulemera kwathunthu kwa mbalameyi kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 200. Kutalika kwa thupi lonse sikupitilira masentimita 35.
Mlomo wachikaso wowala, wautali wa 36-38 mm, wolimba komanso wolimba, wopindika pang'ono pamwamba. Mbalame yamtambo imayimba mokweza kwambiri komanso momveka bwino. M'Chichewa, mbalamezi zimatchedwa azungu.
Mverani mawu a bluebird thrush
Kuphatikana kwa chitoliro komanso kuimba modzikweza kumasiyanitsa mawu a mbalameyo. Phokoso ndi mphamvu yamphamvuyi imatha kuletsa phokoso la mathithi, kubangula ndi kung'ung'udza kwa madzi, koma izi sizimayambitsa kukwiya, koma kudabwitsidwa. M'mapiri a mapiri, ndikofunikira kumvedwa ndi abale, chifukwa chake, mawu amawu amasiyanitsa anthu okhala m'malo osafikika komanso ovuta.
Tsamba lofiirira lalembedwa mu Red Book ngati mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imafunikira chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Ndikupambana kumuwona. Chosangalatsa ndichokhudza mbalame yabuluu ali muzochitika zododometsa: inde, palibe mtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi utoto.
Chinyengo chodabwitsa chimabwera chifukwa chobwezera kwamatsenga kwa ndevu zabwino za nthenga. Kuchokera patali, utoto umawoneka kuti ndi wakuda buluu, utoto wabuluu umayandikira kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe osamveka bwino padziko lapansi amadziwika ndi ma lilac, ma violet. Nthengazo zimakutidwa ndi kunyezimira kwa silvery, ngati kuti zimwazikana kumbuyo, pachifuwa, kumutu. Mapiko apamwamba amatha kukhala ndi madontho oyera.
Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana. Kusiyanasiyana pang'ono mwa mkazi kumawonetseredwa pakulimbitsa kolowera kwa silvery m'mbali mwa nthenga. Mwambiri, mbalameyi ndi yokongola kwambiri, yoyenera kutchula loto lachikondi komanso lowoneka bwino.
Mitundu ya Bluebird
Achibale a bluebird ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwa dongosolo la passerines, banja la thrush. Pali mitundu ingapo yazikhalidwe zamtundu wa thrush zokha. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizodziwika bwino komanso zofala kwambiri, ma robins, ma nightingles, ndi ma wheel.
Ngati mtundu wamiyala yamiyala imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu: miyala, yoyera yoyera ndi mwala wabuluu, ndiye kuti mtundu wamtundu wofiirira umaimiridwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - bluebird, kapena Myophonus.
Monga achibale am'banja, tsamba lofiirira limangokhala ndikukhala moyo wosakhazikika. Ngati mbalame zimabisala m'malo a mapiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira imatsikira pansi kuti ikapeze zigwa zomwe sizikhala zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa ndi mphepo yozizira kwambiri. Mwa zizolowezi zonse za mbalame ndi mayendedwe ake, mtundu wabuluu wosowa kwambiri umayandikira kwambiri mbalame yayikulu.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa bluebird
Mbalame yodabwitsa siziwoneka ngati chithunzi cholemba. Kukhala mumakhalidwe oyipa sikuyenda bwino ndi mkhalidwe wodekha komanso wachikondi. Makhalidwe a mbalame ya buluu pakudzidzimutsa kwake, ndewu. Samasonkhana pagulu ngati mpheta; amakhala moyandikana kapena awiriawiri mdera lomwe amakonda. Alendo amathamangitsidwa, salola ngakhale anapiye awo okula pafupi.
Malo amiyala, odzaza ndi zitsamba zosowa, pafupi ndi madzi ndi malo omwe amapezeka azitsamba zofiirira. M'ming'alu yamiyala yabisika, mbalame zimamanga zisa zomwe zimawonekera patali, koma zosafikirika chifukwa chosafikika pamalowo. Kukhala m'mapiri, mtundu wabuluu umayesetsa kutentha, chifukwa chake, m'malo achisanu osatha, mtundu wa bluebird sungapezeke.
Ndege nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika, ndikutambasula mwachangu mapiko otambasula. Mbalameyo imagonjetsa malo otsetsereka ndi kudumpha kwakukulu mothandizidwa ndi mapiko otseguka pang'ono. Imayenda pansi ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono kapena kudumpha, ngati thrush wamba. Sakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, amakhala osamala pa moyo wawo.
Manyazi mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimasamala ndipo sizikhala kutali ndi anthu, mosiyana ndi achibale omwe amafuna kudziwa zambiri. Amakonda kukhala pamphepete mwa madzi, momwe amasambira mofunitsitsa komanso nthawi zambiri amasaka nsomba zazing'ono kumeneko.
Akasamba, mbalame sizimagwedeza madontho amadzi, koma zimathamanga mpaka zikauma. Mchira wa mbalame umakwera kwambiri pakagwa ngozi kapena chisangalalo. The thrush imatha kuipinda ndikufutukula ngati fani, kutembenukira uku ndi uku.
Okonda mbalame kawirikawiri samakhala ndi mbalame zamtambo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuimba kwawo ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Koma kuwona moyo wawo wogwira ntchito ndikosangalatsa kwambiri. Eni akewo amafananitsa khalidwe lawo ndi ana amphaka ndi ana agalu. Amatha kusewera ndi uta wokutira maswiti kapena kusaka nsomba m'dziwe. Amadyera zosakaniza zomwe zimakonda mbalame, monga tchizi, kanyumba ndi zipatso.
Kudyetsa Bluebird
Zakudya za mbalame zamtambo zimachokera ku tizilombo tomwe timakhala pafupi ndi madzi, mphutsi, kafadala, nyerere, nkhanu. Mbalamezi zimadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, zimagwira nsomba zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimasaka abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono. Imagwira nyama ndi mulomo wolimba, imaphwanya miyala ndi kuwomba mwamphamvu. Zilonda za Lilac sizonyansidwa kukoka zisa za anthu ena, monga mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, mbalame zamabuluu zimadyetsa zakudya zamasamba: mbewu, zipatso, zipatso. M'miyezi yozizira, chakudya chimakhala chachikulu. Mu ukapolo amadyetsa bluebird zakudya zosiyanasiyana za mbalame, amakonda mkate ndi amadyera osiyanasiyana.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa bluebird
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Marichi, mungamve kuyimba kokoma komanso kosangalatsa kwamitundu yofiirira, posonyeza nthawi yokomera. Atasankha wokwatirana naye, mbalame zamtundu wa buluu zimakhala mumtsinje womwewo osasintha malo awo oyikira mazira kwa zaka zingapo. Othandizira nthawi zambiri sasintha pamoyo wawo wonse. Anapiye akuluakulu amathamangitsidwa m'dera lawo.
Zisa zimamangidwa pafupi ndi madzi kuchokera kumizu yobweretsa, udzu, moss, zimayambira, nthambi ndi dothi. Mbale yolimba yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba imapangidwa mumng'alu, wosafikirika kwa adani. Nyumbayi imagwira ntchito yopitilira chaka chimodzi, ndipo ikagwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti mbalamezo zimamanga chisa chatsopano pamenepo.
Kujambulidwa chisa cha mtundu wa bluebird thrush
Pofundira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira awiri kapena asanu, oyera ndi zipsera zakuda. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 17. Kuswa anapiye abuluu makolo amadyetsa ndi mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Poyamba, zinyenyeswazi zimakhala zamaliseche komanso zopanda chothandiza. Kwa masiku 25, chifukwa cha chisamaliro, ana amakula mwamphamvu ndikupeza mphamvu. Mu Juni, anawo amasiya chisa chawo, makolo nawonso amawuluka mpaka masika otsatira.
Kutalika kwa mbalame zamtambo m'chilengedwe ndizovuta kukhazikitsa. Mu ukapolo, ziphuphu zofiirira zitha kukhala zaka 15, mosiyana ndi buluu wachimwemwe, wopanda zaka.
