Makhalidwe a scalar
Scalaria (kuchokera ku mawu achilatini akuti Pterophyllum - nthenga kwenikweni ndi tsamba) ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa nsomba zodya nyama kuchokera pagulu la ma perchiformes ndi banja la cichlov. Ndi wa gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Posachedwa, zibangili zasandulika nsomba zam'madzi.
Mitundu itatu yayikulu yachilengedwe imadziwika nsomba ya nsomba:
- Scalaria Leopolda (kuchokera ku Latin Pterophyllum leopoldi);
- Scalar wamba (kuchokera ku Latin Pterophyllum scalare);
- Scalaria altum (kuchokera ku Latin Pterophyllum altum).
Thupi la nsombazi limakhala ndi chimbale chokhala chotalikirapo pang'ono. Kutalika kwa nsombayo kumafika masentimita 15, kutalika ndi masentimita 20-25.
Chifukwa cha zipsepse zazitali zazitali (kumatako ndi kumbuyo), mawonekedwe a banjali amakhala ngati kachigawo. Mchira kumapeto kwake kumatambasula, kotakata komanso motalika - masentimita 5-7. Mitundu ya scalar ndiyosiyana kwambiri - pamakhala mitundu yonyodoka, yamawangamawanga, komanso yamizere ya thupi kumtunda.
Obereketsa ameta mitundu yambiri ya nsomba izi, zosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wakunja. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda nsomba zam'madzi ndi:
- Scalar wakuda veleveti;
- Mbidzi yotentha;
- Mchere wagolide;
- Misozi ya Koi;
- Scalar panda;
- Chophimba chophimba;
- Scalar wabuluu, dzina lina lofala mngelo wakuda;
- Nsangalabwi wa Scalaria;
- Mchere wa Leopard.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tatchulazi, nsomba ndi mitundu ina yamitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazopanga imapangidwa.
Kujambula ndi chikwangwani chagolide
Mwachitsanzo, powoloka scalar koi ali ndi mawanga ofiira ndi khungu wamba, adatulutsa nsomba yosangalatsa komanso yokongola ngati khungu lofiira kapena monga amatchedwanso "mdierekezi wofiira". Zizindikiro zogonana mu nsombazi ndizovuta kusiyanitsa komanso pafupifupi zosaoneka.
Siyanitsani mkhosi wamwamuna Kuchokera kwa mkazi kumakhala kovuta ngakhale kwa munthu wodziwa zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri obereketsa amadalira zochitika zina, kuwonera nsomba ndikuzindikira kugonana mwa machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri akamaswana pakubereka koyamba, samabzala nsomba zofunikira limodzi, koma amachita izi munthawi yotsatira, pomwe kugonana kwa munthu aliyense kumveka kale.
Pa chithunzi cha koi scalar
Nsombazi zidayamba kugawa kuthengo kuchokera ku South America komwe amakhala m'mitsinje monga Essequibo, Amazon, Rio Negro ndi Orinoco. Pakadali pano, scalar imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku nsomba zokhala m'malo opangira ziweto - malo osungira nyama ndi malo ogulitsira anthu wamba.
Zomwe zili ndi scalar mu aquarium
Kukhala panyumba m'madzi osungira madzi sikutanthauza ziyeneretso zapamwamba za eni ndi zida zapadera, kupatula zida zanthawi zonse zodyera nsomba zam'madzi. Kugula scalar ndi zida zonse zofunika pakuzisamalira ndizotheka pafupifupi sitolo iliyonse yazinyama.
Pachithunzicho, velvet wakuda wakuda
Pali mapanga ochepa osavuta mukasunga nsomba zowoneka bwino. Choyamba, aquarium iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuti isachepetsedwe ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri - kutalika kocheperako kuyenera kukhala osachepera 50-70 masentimita, ndikusunthira osachepera 60-80 malita. Chachiwiri, kuti zisambe, nsomba izi zimafunikira masamba okhala ndi masamba akulu, monga ambulia, cryptocorynaus, kapena valesneria.
Chachitatu, ngati mukufuna kuti mitundu ya nsombazo isazimirire, koma kuti mukhalebe owala komanso owala, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyandikira chakudyacho mosamala nsomba zamchere - iyenera kukhala yopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino kwambiri - koposa zonse kuchokera kwa opanga olemekezeka.
Kusamalira zikopa komanso osati zovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutentha kotentha mu aquarium - sikuyenera kukhala kocheperako komanso osapitilira madigiri 25-27 ndipo ndikofunikira kusintha madzi kamodzi pamlungu. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nsomba zina zilizonse zaku aquarium, aeration iyenera kuchitidwa kawiri patsiku kwa mphindi 20-30.
Mu chithunzi milozo scalar
Kugwirizana kwa scalar mu aquarium ndi nsomba zina
Mu aquarium imodzi, wamba mamba ndi zikopa mitundu ina ndi mitundu yosankha. Anthu amtundu uwu wa nsomba samenyera nkhondo pakati pawo ndikuwona mgwirizano wokhala pamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zowala, bata pamakhalidwe awo, zimagawana malo am'madzi mosavuta ndi nsomba zonse zopanda nkhanza zabanja lawo la cichlid.
Komanso, ndizotheka kuwonjezera kwa iwo lupanga lofiira, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe kapena nkhanira. Koma pokhalira limodzi ndi genera lina pali chimodzi, koma chosavuta chachikulu - zotupa zimatha kugwidwa ndimatenda osiyanasiyana omwe nsomba zina zimanyamula mosavuta komanso mosazindikira.
Ndikosavuta kuwapatsira mwangozi ndipo ndizosatheka kuwachiritsanso. Koma ndani sayenera kukhala mu chidebe chomwecho ndi zipsera zam'madzi, ndiye awa ndi nsomba monga guppies, goldfish ndi ma acars.
M'chithunzicho muli scalar yabuluu
Zakale, posachedwa kapena mtsogolo, zikopa zimatha kudya, zomalizazi ndizovuta, zomwe sizimakonda kwenikweni ma scalars, ndipo wachitatu, ngakhale ndi abale m'banja, amatha kuwononga ngakhale kupha zipsera zokha.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kutalika kwa moyo wa khungu
Zakudya zamakanda m'malo awo achilengedwe zimakhala ndi mphutsi, nsomba zazing'ono ndi plankton. M'malo opangira aquarium, nsombazi ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chilichonse choyambira, mwachitsanzo, chakudya chochokera ku tubifex, bloodworm kapena brine shrimp. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa pawokha, kuwona kukula kwa nsomba kwakanthawi.
Ndikofunikira kuti tisapitirire pachimake, amalekerera izi mopweteka kwambiri, ndipo amatha kufa. Komanso, kudya mopitirira muyeso kumatha kusokoneza mibadwo yamtsogolo. M'madzi am'madzi kuswana scalar zimachitika mwachilengedwe, koma ngati mukufuna kuwabalalitsa, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwira ntchito pang'ono.
Pachithunzicho, panda yotentha
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika mu nsombazi pakatha miyezi 10-12. Mitundu iyi ya nsomba ndi yopanda tanthauzo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha mitundu iwiriyo, ndiye kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimasungidwa limodzi zisanabadwe kotero kuti zizigawika ziwiri.
Mumtundu uwu wa nsomba, masewera achilendo okhwima amawonedwa ndipo munthawi imeneyi amakwiya kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Pambuyo pa umuna scalar caviar amagona mkati mwamkati mwa masamba akulu azomera - pakubereka kamodzi, mkazi amabweretsa mazira 300-500.
Pakadutsa masiku atatu, mazirawo amasanduka mphutsi, kenako nkuyamba kuwuma. Munthawi imeneyi, kulowererapo kwa anthu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsanso mkazi mwachangu mu chidebe chosiyana, chifukwa achikulire ena amatha kudya ana onse amtsogolo.
Pachithunzicho, scalar caviar
Mkazi yekhayo azisamalira mwachangu, ndipo apa thandizo lapadera laumunthu silifunikanso. Mwachangu scalar yoyera mitundu, pafupifupi yowonekera ndipo kokha ndi nthawi ndi kukula zimajambulidwa mu mitundu yawo yachilengedwe. Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimakhala ndi ziwindi zazitali; ngati zisungidwa bwino m'madzi okhala m'madzi, zimakhala zaka 8-10.
