Mkango ndi nyama yodya nyama ndipo ndi membala wa gulu lalikulu la mphaka wamkulu. Masiku ano, mkango ndi imodzi mwa amphaka akuluakulu, ndipo amuna ambiri amalemera makilogalamu 250 kapena kuposa.
Mitundu yazinyama zolusa
Pazigawo zoyambirira, miyambo yayikulu khumi ndi iwiri yamkango idadziwika kale, ndipo mkango wachilendo umadziwika kuti ndiwo waukulu kwambiri. Zinthu zazikulu zodziwika za subspecies zimayimiriridwa ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mane. Kusiyana kwakukulu pamakhalidwe awa, komanso kuthekera kwakusintha kwamalingaliro amunthu, zidaloleza asayansi kuti athetse gulu loyambirira.
Zotsatira zake, zidasankhidwa kuti zisungire zazing'ono zisanu ndi zitatu zokha za mkango:
- ma subspecies aku Asia, odziwika bwino ngati mkango waku Persia kapena waku India, wokhala ndi thupi lokhalitsa komanso osakhwima kwambiri;
- Kuwonongedweratu ndi munthu, Mkango wa Barbary kapena Wachilendo, womwe uli ndi thupi lalikulupo ndi utoto wakuda, wakuda;
- mkango waku Senegal kapena West Africa, mawonekedwe ake ndi odula mopepuka, thupi laling'ono komanso mane ang'ono kapena osapezeka konse;
- Mkango waku North Congo ndi nyama yosawerengeka yodya nyama yamphongo ndipo imafanana kwambiri ndi abale ena aku Africa;
- Masai kapena mkango wakum'mawa kwa Africa, wodziwika ndi miyendo ikuluikulu komanso yapadera, ngati "yosakanizika" mane mane;
- kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa kapena mkango wa Katanga, womwe uli ndi subspecies yotchuka kwambiri, utoto wowala padziko lonse lapansi;
- subspecies zinatha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chinayi - Cape mkango.
Koma chosangalatsa kwambiri pakati pa anthuwa ndi azungu komanso Mkango wakuda... Inde, mikango yoyera si subspecies, koma ndi gulu la nyama zakutchire zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu - leukism, yomwe imayambitsa utoto wonyezimira. Anthu otere omwe ali ndi mitundu yoyambirira amasungidwa ku Kruger National Park, komanso ku Timbavati Reserve, kum'mawa kwa South Africa. Mikango yoyera ndi golide amatchedwa maalubino ndi leucists. Kukhalapo kwa mikango yakuda kumayambitsabe mikangano yambiri ndipo amafunsidwa kwambiri ndi asayansi.
Mkango wakuda mwachilengedwe - malingaliro ndi machitidwe
Chodabwitsa cha ualubino, chomwe chimafotokozedwa mu utoto wosadziwika bwino, chimadziwika kuti chimatsutsidwa ndi melanism, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa akambuku ndi nyamazi. Chodabwitsachi chimapangitsa kubadwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda.
Zinyama zakutchire-melanists amadziwika ngati mtundu wa olemekezeka mdziko lachilengedwe. Nyama yotere imapeza mtundu wakuda chifukwa chakupezeka kwa khansa yambiri pakhungu. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yakuda kwamtundu wakuda kumatha kupezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, kuphatikiza nyama zoyamwitsa, nyamakazi ndi zokwawa. Kuchokera pano, mkango wakuda atha kubadwa, mwachilengedwe kapena mwachilengedwe, komanso mu ukapolo.
Monga lamulo, kusungunuka kumayambitsidwa ndi njira zosinthira, chifukwa chake munthuyo amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kuti apulumuke ndikutha kubereka pamaso pazinthu zakunja zosasangalatsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa melanism, mitundu ina ya nyama imatha kukhala yosawoneka ndi nyama zolusa, pomwe mitundu ina izi zimapatsa mwayi ndipo zimathandizira kusaka bwino usiku.
Mwa zina, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti khansa ya khansa imathandizira pa thanzi la nyama, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa inki kuyamwa ma radiation ndi kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa radiation. Komanso, asayansi apeza kuti nyama zotere zimapirira kwambiri ndipo zimasinthidwa kukhala moyo m'malo ovuta, chifukwa chake mkango wakuda m'chilengedwe atha kupulumuka.
Kodi kuli mkango wakuda
Zina mwazinyama zofala kwambiri, mawonekedwe akuda amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'banja lachiweto. Odziwika bwino m'chilengedwe komanso ophunziridwa ndi asayansi ambiri ndi akambuku, ma cougars ndi jaguar, omwe matupi awo ali ndi ubweya wakuda.
Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "akuda akuda" Pafupifupi theka la akambuku onse omwe amakhala ku Malaysia ali ndi mitundu yakuda modabwitsa. Anthu akuda ambiri amakhala ku Malacca Peninsula ndi pachilumba cha Java, komanso ku Aberdare Ridge mkatikati mwa Kenya.
Mkango wakuda, chithunzi yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pa intaneti, imatha kukhala m'malo ochepa, pomwe nyama yakuda imatha kuwona kwambiri. Pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu za kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu New Scientist akutsimikizira kuti kusungunuka kwa khansa kungakhale kofunikira kuti thupi la nyama liwonjezere kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zomwe zimapanga nkhumba zimaganiziridwa kuti zimapatsa ziweto zina chitetezo chokwanira kumatenda ambiri. Mwina ngati mkango wakuda wagwidwa pavidiyo, zingakhale zosavuta kutsimikizira zowona pakugawana kwawo.
Mkango wakuda - kuwonekera
Chidaliro cha ma cryptozoologists pakukhalapo kwa mikango yakuda, lero, sichichirikizidwa ndi zolemba zilizonse. M'malingaliro awo, mikango yakuda, yomwe anthu ake ali 2 padziko lapansi, atha kukhala ku Persia ndi Okovango. Komabe, podziwa kuti nyama zakuda zosasinthidwa kusaka chovalacho sizingathe kudzipezera chakudya chokwanira, kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwawo ndi zero.
Chitsimikiziro chakukhalapo kwa mikango yotere ndi kukhalapo kwa zithunzi za chilombo chakuda pa malaya amkhondo kapena m'maina a malo achi English omwe amaperekedwako ndichachidziwikire. Kutsatira lingaliro ili, mikango yokhala ndi buluu, yobiriwira kapena yofiira iyeneranso kupezeka mwachilengedwe. Ponena za zithunzi za mkango wakuda, womwe munthawi yochepa watenga malingaliro ambiri pa intaneti ndikupangitsa chisangalalo chosaneneka cha mafani a chilichonse chachilendo, ndi chithunzi china chokha komanso chopambana kwambiri.
