Malo ogona (Glis glis) ndi mbewa, wokhala m'nkhalango zowopsa zaku Europe, sadziwika kwenikweni chifukwa chobisalira kwachilengedwe komanso moyo wamadzulo. Masiku ano, nyumba zogona nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ngati ziweto. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti exot yotereyi imakhala yotentha kwambiri kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kapena eyiti mchaka, ndipo, mwazinthu zina, siyokonda kulankhulana ndi anthu.
Kufotokozera kwa sony Regiment
Kukula kwakukulu, dormouse ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa wachibale wake wapafupi, hazel dormouse. Nthiti imawoneka yoseketsa, koma ikagwidwa nyama yotereyi siyikhala yoweta kwathunthu ndipo, ikagwiridwa mosasamala kapena molakwika, imatha kuluma mbuye wake mwamphamvu.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa 13-18 cm, ndikulemera kwa magalamu 150-180. Mwakuwoneka, gululi limafanana ndi gologolo kakang'ono kakang'ono, popanda kukhalapo kwa ngayaye m'makutu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mitundu ya kanjedza ndi mapazi ndi yopanda kanthu, yotakata mokwanira, yokhala ndi zala zosunthika. Ine ndi V zala timasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyenda kwapadera pamapazi, komwe kumatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta poyerekeza ndi zala zina. Maburashi amatembenuzidwa panja mozungulira pafupifupi 30za... Chifukwa cha izi, ma regiment amatha kuyenda mosagawikana.
Nyama yopepuka imakwera ndikutsika mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, imatha kulumpha pamitsinje mpaka mita khumi. Mchira wa a dormouse ndiwofewa, wamtambo wonyezimira wonyezimira, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 11 mpaka 15. Ubweya wa regiment siwokwera kwambiri, koma wobiriwira, wopangidwa makamaka ndi tsitsi lakumunsi. Mitundu yakutsogolo ili pafupifupi monochromatic kwathunthu. Pali mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imakhalapo ndi utoto: bulauni-bulauni komanso imvi yautsi kumbuyo, komanso yoyera kapena yachikaso m'mimba. Mphete zowonda zakuda zitha kupezeka mozungulira maso, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zosawoneka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nyumba yayikulu yogona ili ndi ma vibrissae ataliatali omwe amangoyenda mosadukiza, koma ndevu zakumanzere ndi kumanja zimatha kuyenda mosadalirana.
Moyo, machitidwe
Mitundu ya Sony imakonda kwambiri nkhalango zosakanikirana, pomwe amakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Nyamazo zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo yambiri yamtchire ndi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri nyumba zogona zimakhazikika m'minda ndi minda yamphesa kapena pafupi nawo. M'mapiri, nyamayo imatha kukwera m'malire a nkhalango zowuma, mpaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni zikwi ziwiri kumtunda kwa nyanja.
Nyumbayi imamva bwino m'nkhalango yokhwima yokhala ndi beech, oak, hornbeam ndi linden, wokhala ndi nkhalango zochuluka zochokera ku tchire la zipatso ngati hawthorn, dogwood ndi hazel, komanso honeysuckle. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Russia, dormouse amakhala m'nkhalango za oak-linden zokhala ndi mapulo, elm, aspen, hazel, ndi raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda kumunsi. Kudera lamiyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mbewa zam'mimbazi zimakhala makamaka m'malo okhala ndi miyala.
Mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena mpaka Juni, nyumba yogona ili modyeramo tulo, ndipo nyama zotere zimadzuka mochedwa kuposa abale ena onse. Mwachitsanzo, ku Caucasus, ma regiment amasiya malo awo okhala mozungulira kumapeto kwa Juni, pomwe zipatso za mabulosi ndi maula a chitumbuwa zipsa. Amuna akuluakulu amasiya zipsera zapadera munthambi za mitengo, kununkhira kwake komwe ngakhale munthu amatha kununkhiza. Nthawi ya kubisala, monga lamulo, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a achinyamata amwalira, omwe analibe nthawi yokwanira yosungira mafuta okwanira kapena anasankha malo olakwika kuti azizizira.
Pakubisala, kuchepa kwa nyama kumachepetsa mpaka 2%, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsikira ku 3 ° C, kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kupuma pang'onopang'ono nthawi zina kumatha kuyima kwakanthawi.
Ndi ma regiment angati omwe amakhala
Ma Dormouse regiment amakhala m'malo achilengedwe osatenga nthawi yayitali, monga lamulo, osaposa zaka zinayi. Mu ukapolo, nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nyama zoterezi imakula pang'ono.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Zizindikiro zakugonana sizimafotokozedwera kukula kapena utoto waubweya mu dormouse. Makoswe achikulire achikazi ndi abambo amayang'ana chimodzimodzi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Polchok imafalikira m'nkhalango zamapiri komanso zotsika ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, imapezeka kuchokera kumpoto kwa Spain ndi France kupita ku Turkey, dera la Volga komanso kumpoto kwa Iran. Mitunduyi idayambitsidwa kudera la Great Britain (Chiltern Upland). Dormouse imapezeka m'malo azilumba za Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuphatikiza Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Crete ndi Corfu, komanso Turkmenistan pafupi ndi Ashgabat.
M'dera la Russia, nyumba zogona zimapezeka mosagwirizana. Mtundu wa nyamayi imayimilidwa ndi madera angapo akutali mosiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala patali kwambiri. Malo ogonawa amapezeka mdera la Kursk komanso mtsinje wa Volga, kuphatikiza dera la Volga-Kama, dera la Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia ndi Bashkiria, ndi dera la Samara.
Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, kufalitsa kwa mbewa kumakhala kochepa ndi Mtsinje wa Oka. M'madera otsetsereka akumwera kwa gawo la Europe, malo ogonawa kulibe. Chinyama chofala kwambiri komanso chochuluka chotere chili ku Transcaucasus komanso ku Caucasus Isthmus. Zomwe zimachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu monga ziweto zochepa zomwe zili kumpoto chakumtunda, komanso kuchepa kwa malo okhala.
Akatswiri alimbikitsa, ngati njira zotetezera oimira mitunduyo m'chilengedwe, kafukufuku wapadera wamalo ogawira amakono ndi mitundu yonse ya zamoyozo, komanso kuzindikira ndi kuteteza malo omwe akukhalamo.
Zakudya zodyeramo
Malinga ndi zomwe amakonda kudya, ma dormouse-regiment ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa chake chakudya chawo chimayimiriridwa ndi magawo amitundu yonse yazomera, zipatso ndi mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, mu zipatso ndi zipatso, nyama zimakonda mafupa, osati zamkati. Zakudya zazikulu za Sony zikuphatikiza:
- ziphuphu;
- nkhwangwa;
- mtedza;
- mabokosi;
- mtedza wa beech;
- mapeyala;
- mphesa;
- maapulo;
- yamatcheri;
- maula;
- mabulosi;
- maula a chitumbuwa;
- mabulosi.
Palibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chakudya chodyera nyama. Ofufuza ena amavomereza kwathunthu kuti nthawi zambiri dormice imakhalapo. Nthawi zina makoswe amadya anapiye ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo limodzi ndi chakudya chomera. Zinyama za nyama zamtchire zimakonda zipatso zakupsa ndi zipatso, chifukwa chake, pakudya, nyama imalawa zipatsozo, ndipo chakudya chosakhwima chimaponyedwa pansi.
Monga momwe tawonetsera, zipatso zosapsa zobalalika ndi ma dormouse-regiment nthawi zambiri zimakopa nguluwe zakutchire ndi zimbalangondo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya ndi mbewa ngati mbewa zapadziko lapansi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mitu yogona ogona m'makona amitengo kapena m'malo amiyala, komanso pansi pa mitengo yakugwa. Gawo lamkati la chisa limapangidwa ndi chinyama kuchokera ku ulusi wazomera, pansi ndi moss. Nthawi zambiri, chisa chimakhazikika m'misasa ya mbalame kapena pamwamba pake, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mazira ndi anapiye. Pafupifupi masiku khumi atadzuka, anyani amphongo amayamba kuyamwa. Pakadali pano, akazi achikulire ali kale kulowa mu estrus.
Nthawi yovutayo imakhala yaphokoso ndipo imatsagana ndi zochitika zochulukirapo mwa amuna komanso ndewu zomwe zimachitika pakati pa akulu. Kuphatikiza pa zipsera zonunkhira kwambiri, chizindikiro china chothinana ndikumveka kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi nyama usiku, zoyimiridwa ndi kulira kwamphamvu, kukuwa, malikhweru ndi kukuwa. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimbo zotchedwa regimental, zomwe zimafanana ndi phokoso la "ttsii-ttsii-ttsii" lotulutsidwa kwa mphindi zingapo. Atangokwatirana, mitundu iwiri ya nyama zakutchire imatha.
Mimba ya mkazi imatenga milungu inayi kapena kupitirirapo. Kuchuluka kwa ana m'matumba kumatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka khumi. Nthawi zambiri, ana asanu amabadwa, ndipo kulemera kwa aliyense ndi 1-2 g. Njira yakukula kwa ana obadwa kumene imachedwa. Pambuyo pa tsiku la khumi ndi awiri, anawo amatsegula ngalande zomvera, ndipo ali ndi zaka ziwiri zamasiku, zoyambira zoyambirira zimaphulika. Maso a ana a dormouse amatseguka pafupifupi milungu itatu yakubadwa.
Ngakhale anawo asanawone, zazikazi zimayamba kudyetsa ana awo kuchokera pakamwa ndi chakudya chofewa komanso chophwanyika ngati masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso. Kuyambira tsiku la 25, makanda akuyesera kale kudzidyetsa okha. Ali ndi zaka zisanu zakubadwa, ana a dormouse amasiya chisa cha makolo ndikukakhazikika. Malamulowa amakula msanga chaka chamawa, koma njira yoberekera imayamba mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo. Pali nsonga ziwiri zoberekera mchaka, zomwe zimachitika kumapeto kwa Juni komanso koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Adani achilengedwe
Malo ogona alibe adani ambiri, koma ngakhale ku Roma wakale, nyama zazing'onozing'ono zotere zimawerengedwa kuti ndizabwino. Nyamazo zinasamalidwa m'minda yapadera yokhala ndi mipanda kapena gliaria. Mitembo ya makoswe idaphikidwa ndi mbewu za poppy ndi uchi. Ku Balkan m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, nyama yogona idatsitsidwa mumtsuko wokometsera.
Kuphatikiza pa anthu, polecat anali pachiwopsezo kwa mbewa yaying'ono yamamayi. Nyama iyi yochokera kubanja la weasel, wachibale wapafupi wa ermine ndi weasel, imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lake lalitali komanso lalitali. Ma Ferrets amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yaying'ono komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Wokongola komanso wodabwitsa kwambiri polecat amatha kulowa mosavuta m'mabowo a nyumba yogona.
Nkhuntho zimasakiranso malo ogona achikulire, omwe kuti ndigwire nyama yomwe ndimakonda ndimasankha malo onyowa okhala ndi zitsamba zazing'ono za shrub. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kadzidzi amatha kusaka osati usiku wokha, komanso masana. Nyama yamphongoyo sakonda kuteteza makoswe, koma imakonda kuzungulira pamwamba pake. Powona nyama yake, kadzidzi amagwa pansi mwamphamvu ndipo agwira mwamphamvu agaluwo. Mwa akadzidzi onse omwe amakhala ku Russia, ndi kadzidzi wamakutu ofupikira omwe ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imatha kumanga zisa zawo.
Mchira wa nyumba yogona nthawi zambiri umapulumutsa moyo wa eni ake: pakhungu la nyama pali malo owonda komanso osweka mosavuta pakamenyedwe kalikonse, ndipo khungu losenda ndi masheya limapatsa mbewa mwayi wothawa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Nyumbayi ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri m'mayiko a Baltic, koma imaonedwa kuti ndi yofala ku Western ndi Southern Europe. Kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumpoto kwa mitunduyo, ma regiment amakhala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'madera a Carpathians, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, malo ogona amawerengedwa kuti ndi ambiri. Apa, makoswe ang'onoang'ono amakhala bwino ngakhale pafupi ndi anthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawononga kwambiri minda yamphesa, mabulosi ndi minda ya zipatso.
Ubweya wa dormouse ndi wokongola kwambiri, koma pakadali pano umangokolola pang'ono pokha. Mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa mu Red Data Books za zigawo za Tula ndi Ryazan. M'magazini yoyamba ya Red Book of the Moscow Region (1998), oimira mitunduyo adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa Zakumapeto Na. 1. Ngakhale kugawa kochepa m'magawo ena, malinga ndi akatswiri, masiku ano kufunikira kwakubereketsa nyumba yogona sikupezeka.
