Ankhandwe akuuluka - zolengedwa zapadera komanso zozizwitsa. Ndiwopezekanso ngwazi zamakedzana ndi zongopeka, ndipo akhala nawo uthengawu kwazaka zambiri.
Anthu aku Scotland amakhulupirira kuti pamene nkhandwe zikuuluka mwamphamvu, inali nthawi ya mfiti. Ku Oskfordshire, amakhulupirira kuti mileme yomwe imawuluka katatu kuzungulira nyumba imalengeza zakufa. Koma zowona, ndizofunikira pazachilengedwe padziko lapansi, ndipo zambiri mwazo zimawoneka zokongola.
Mitundu ndi malo okhala nkhandwe zouluka
Nkhandwe youluka, kapena galu wouluka, ndi wa gulu la mileme, banja la mileme yazipatso. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhandwe zouluka, ndipo choyambirira, muyenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pawo ndi mileme.
Kunja, nkhope ya nkhandwe zouluka zimafanana ndi nkhandwe, kapena galu, chifukwa chake dzina la mtunduwo. Mileme, mosiyana ndi mbewa, ilibe "radar" yotchuka yomwe ingawathandize kuyenda mumlengalenga.
Mitundu ina yokha ya ankhandwe, omwe amakhala makamaka m'mapanga, amakhala ofanana ndi mawu omveka - amadina lilime lawo akamauluka, mawuwo amatuluka pakona pakamwa pawo nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zina, mileme yazipatso imayendetsedwa ndi fungo, kuwona komanso, mwina, kukhudza. Mwachitsanzo, mu Indian nkhandwe zouluka maso owoneka bwino, ndipo ngakhale amathawa makamaka usiku, sagwiritsa ntchito echolocation, kuyang'ana masomphenya.
Kujambula ndi nkhandwe zouluka zaku India
Nkhandwe imamvanso bwino kwambiri - mkazi amazindikira mwana wake mosavuta ndi mawu ake. Malo okhala ndi nkhandwe zazikulu kwambiri. Amakonda kupezeka m'malo otentha ndi kotentha kum'mawa kuchokera ku West Africa kupita ku Oceania, ndikumpoto kumpoto mpaka ku Nile, kumwera kwa Iran, Syria ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Japan.
Zilumba za Mauritius ndi Indian subcontinent ndizonso malo awo, ndipo kumpoto kwa Australia ndikofala nkhandwe yowuluka modabwitsa... Kutengera mtundu, mileme yazipatso imasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Chachikulu kwambiri chimatchedwa kalong - kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 40 cm, mkono wakutsogolo ndi masentimita 22. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Philippines komanso kuzilumba zazilumba za Malay, amatchedwanso nkhandwe yayikulu kwambiri.
Chithunzi ndi nkhandwe yayikulu yomwe ikuuluka
Mitundu ina yotsutsana ndi mileme yazipatso, kukula kwake ndi 6-7 cm yokha, mapiko ake ndi 25 cm, amakhala ku Indochina ndi Burma. Ndipo mdera laling'ono la Sulawesi mumakhala kamenyedwe kakang'ono ka zipatso za ku Sulawesian, komwe anthu am'deralo amawona kuti amabweretsa mwayi.
Moyo wa nkhandwe
Ankhandwe owuluka nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku komanso amakhala othina. Kawirikawiri yogwira masana. Izi zimachitika kuti mileme yazipatso ilibe malo okhazikika - zimauluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo kutengera komwe kuli chakudya chochuluka.
Mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kuuluka pafupifupi 100 km usiku. kufunafuna chakudya. Malo odyera amatha kukhala 15 km kutali. kuchokera komwe kuli tsikuli. M'madera ena, pomwe zipatso zimapsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zizidyetsa, nyama zimasamukira.
Koma nthawi zambiri amadzisankhira mtengo umodzi, nakhala pamtengopo kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale zipatso zitatha makilomita ambiri mozungulira, nkhandwe zimauluka patali pofunafuna chakudya, komabe zimabwerera "kwawo".
Anthu akuluakulu amapuma masana m'magulu akulu, mpaka zikwi 10. Mitundu yaying'ono imatha kukhala yokha. Masana, mileme yazipatso imapachikika moyang'anizana ndi nthambi zamitengo, pansi pamiyala, pamiyendo yamapanga, ndikudzimangira ndi mapiko awoawo.
Nthawi yotentha, mapikowo amakhala ngati zimakupiza zawo, komanso amawanyambita komanso pamimba kuti achulukitse kutentha. Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zimauluka mumitengo ya mangrove ndi eucalyptus. Amatha kukonza masiku m'mapaki.
Mwachitsanzo, Sydney Botanical Garden ili ndi malo amodzi odziwika kwambiri nkhandwe zouluka zaimvi... Mbali inanso ya ankhandwe ndi kutha kwawo kusambira.
Pachithunzicho, nkhandwe yamutu wouluka
Ankhandwe akuuluka akhoza kusungidwa kunyumba mikhalidwe. Mukasankha gula wekha ngati chiweto mleme wazipatso, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera aviary yayikulu, yotakasuka kuti mukhale momasuka.
Mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe zouluka zimazolowera anthu mwachangu, zimalola kuti zikwapulidwe ndikudya zipatso zoperekedwa ndi manja awo. M'madera ena, nkhandwe zouluka zimakumana ndi anthu, kudya zipatso za m'minda yolimidwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, anthu amayenera kupopera mankhwala m'minda, zomwe zimabweretsa poizoni ndikuwononga agalu omwe akuuluka. Madera ena a Pakistan amapeza mafuta agalu oyenda ngati mankhwala. Pazilumba, pomwe mileme yodzala zipatso idakhala, kuwononga nkhalango kwakukulu kumachitika, zomwe zidakhudzanso anthu awo.
Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito nyama za nyama izi ngati chakudya, powona kuti ndi zokoma. Zonsezi zimaika agalu akuuluka pazilumba pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Chakudya
Madzulo akagwa, nkhandwe zouluka zimayamba kuda nkhawa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo gulu lonselo limanyamuka ndikupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Mleme wa zipatso umagwiritsa ntchito kamvekedwe kake pofuna chakudya.
Chakudya chachikulu ndi zipatso. Koposa zonse, nkhandwe zimakonda zipatso zakupsa ndi zonunkhira za mango, peyala, papaya, nthochi ndi zomera zina zam'malo otentha - zimagaya zipatsozo ndi nkhono zawo.
Amatha kudya zipatso zazing'ono pomwepo, kapena, atapachikidwa mwendo umodzi pambali pake, amatola inayo ndikudya zamkati, kumwa madzi. Mileme ya zipatso samadya peel, koma amataya kutali.
Zamoyo zazing'ono zimadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Ankhandwe ena omwe amauluka amadya tizilombo. M'madera momwe zipatso zimasowa, mitengo imadyedwa kwathunthu. Akakhuta, mileme imapuma ndikubwerera kumalo awo. Madzi amafunikanso, amatha kumwa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina amamwa madzi am'nyanja, omwe amakhala ndi mchere womwe amafunikira.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu zamitengo yazipatso ndi kuyendetsa mungu ndikwabwino chifukwa cha agalu omwe amauluka pazachilengedwe. Koma nthawi zina zimawononganso, kudya zipatso zonse zamitengo ndi minda yonse.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wa nkhandwe zouluka
Kubereketsa kwa nkhandwe zouluka kumakhala kwakanthawi ndipo zimatengera mitundu ndi malo okhala. Chifukwa chake nkhandwe zaku Angola zakuuluka ku Cameroon mu Seputembala-Novembala, anawo amapezeka mu February. Nyengo yokhwima ya nkhandwe zouluka zaku India zimayamba mu Julayi ndipo zimatha mpaka Okutobala.
Pachithunzicho, ana a nkhandwe zouluka
Kalongs amaswana mu Marichi-Epulo. Kukhathamira kumachitika m'malo masana, amuna amasankha mkazi watsopano nthawi iliyonse. Ana amatuluka m'miyezi 5-7 (kutengera mtundu wake), nthawi zambiri masana. Ana amayenda kwambiri, ndi tsitsi lakuda kumbuyo kwawo, opanda mano, koma ndi zikhadabo.
Mayi amadyetsa ana ndi mkaka wake, popanda wamwamuna kutenga nawo mbali. Mkazi amatenga nkhandwe zazing'ono pachifuwa pake kupita kumalo odyetsera. Pakatha miyezi iwiri itatu, mwana wamphongoyo amakula ndikulemera kwambiri, amakhala yekha usiku ndikudikirira mayiyo.
Mkazi amamudyetsa miyezi isanu. Mleme waung'ono umakhala pafupi ndi mayi mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi eyiti. Pakatha chaka, amakhala wokhwima pogonana komanso wodziyimira payekha.
Wamkulu wamwamuna, amalemekezanso kwambiri m'gulu. Mileme ikuluikulu ndi yayikulu yomwe imadya zipatso imapeza malo abwino kwambiri pamtengo wodyera, malo opumulirako omasuka, ndipo imadzisankhira akazi.
Kumtchire, nkhandwe zouluka zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 10, mu ukapolo nthawi imeneyi ili pafupifupi kawiri. Pakadali pano, mitundu yambiri ya nkhandwe zouluka zalembedwa mu Red Data Books.
Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zouluka zachilendo ku Australia zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa chotaya malo ake.Nkhandwe yayikulu kwambiri adalembedwanso mu Buku Lofiira, koma tsopano mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndiwokhazikika, chiwopsezo cha kutha chatha.
