Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala auk
Auk - mbalame zam'madzi zam'mlengalenga Ndi za mtundu uwu wa mbalame zakumpoto, momwe mpweya suli chinthu chachikulu. Koposa zonse, amadzimva kuti ali muufumu wamadzi amchere osatha, akusambira bwino komanso kusambira bwino.
Pakuthawa, zimawoneka zovuta. Pamtunda, ma auk amakhala osasunthika ndipo amaponda kwambiri zikopa zawo zakuda zokhala ndi nembanemba. Maonekedwe ake, amawoneka olimba, ali ndi khosi lalifupi.
popereka kufotokozera kwa auk, zina mwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ake ziyenera kuzindikiridwa. Mlomo wokwera komanso wonenepa wa zolengedwa zamasambawo umakhala wolambalala kuchokera m'mbali ndi kulumikizidwa kumtunda.
Mphuno za zamoyo zoterezi zimapangidwa ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Mchira, womwe ndi wautali masentimita 9, umakwezedwa ndikuloza kumapeto. Pharynx ya mbalame imadziwika bwino ndi chikasu chowala, maso ake ndi ofiira.
Mutu ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira-wakuda, pomwe mimba ili yoyera kwambiri. Chovala cha nthenga, monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha auk, mikwingwirima yoyera imaonekera: kotenga nthawi yayitali kumachokera m'maso mpaka kumapeto kwa mlomo, ndipo wopingasawo amakongoletsa mapiko a mbalameyi, yomwe imakhala yayitali pafupifupi masentimita 20. Mtundu wa mutu kuchokera mbali ndi khosi umadalira nyengo, kusintha kuchokera ku mdima kupita ku kuwala.
Malo okhala mbalame ndi madzi am'nyanja ya Arctic ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic, kutsuka magombe a Europe ndi America, komanso nthawi zambiri auk moyo pazilumba zoyandikana ndi makontinenti awa.
M'dera la Canada, chaka chilichonse pali zisa 25,000 za mbalamezi. Nthawi zonse, nyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi otseguka. Phokoso komanso phokoso la mbalame limamveka nthawi yamasiku.
Mverani mawu a auk
Nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu: "ark-arrk", yomwe idadzetsa dzina lawo.
Mitundu ya auk
Mbalame zimakhala za banja la auks, pokhala oimira akuluakulu, chifukwa kutalika kwa thupi kwa amuna kumafikira 48 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kochepera kilogalamu, ngakhale kuti akazi amakhala ochepa.
The auk ndiyofanana ndi mbalame yoterera kwambiri, mbalame yapakatikati, wokhala nzika zachifumu zamuyaya. Kunja, mbalamezi ndizofanana, koma pamakhala kusiyana pakukula ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma puffin amawerengedwa kuti ndi achibale oyandikira kwambiri a omwe akuyimira banja lino lomwe tikufotokozera - zitsanzo zoseketsa zochokera mdziko la mbalame, eni milomo ya lalanje.
Wopanda mapiko auk - mtundu wazinthu zomwe sizikupezeka pakati pazilumba za Atlantic Ocean, malinga ndi asayansi, uli ndi mizu yofanana ndi arctic auk.
Ndipo mbalame zonsezi amafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri azamoyo monga tinthu tating'ono ta mtundu womwewo. Koma, mwatsoka, auk wopanda mapiko, malinga ndi zomwe zidalipo, adasowa pankhope pa dziko lapansi mu 1844.
Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwapano kwa Arctic auk kuli pafupifupi mapaundi zikwi zana. Koma anthu awo akuvutika kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe cham'madzi komanso kuchepa kwa nsomba m'madzi am'nyanja.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa auk
Auk amakonda kukhala masiku amoyo wawo, kukhala awiriawiri kapena kulowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhalapo kupatula mbalame zina. Mbalamezi zimatha kudumphira pansi mwaluso mpaka kufika mamita 35, ndipo posambira zimakoka mutu wawo m'khosi ndi kusunga mchira wawo nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti zinthu zam'nyanja zamphamvu, momwe zimagwera, zimatopetsa mbalame kwambiri mpaka kutaya mphamvu ndikudzipeza zakufa zitaponyedwa kumtunda.
Amakhala m'nyengo yozizira panyanja, anthu okhala kumpoto chakuthwa amachoka m'madzi, kupita kumtunda, kokha panthawi yodzala zisa. Pakadali pano, zimauluka mwamphamvu, zimayenda m'mlengalenga pa liwiro la 58 km / h, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimawombera mapiko awo, zikutambasula mitu yawo patsogolo, ndikuwongolera mchira wawo ndi mapazi kumbuyo, zikuyenda mwachangu komanso molunjika.
Mawu a auk ndi oboola mtima. Komabe, ndikotheka kuti muzimva kawirikawiri, chifukwa kuukira kwa mbalame zotere ndikochepa. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, za auk amanenedwa kuti ndi osamala kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, ma auk amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena awiriawiri
Adani awo zosiyanasiyana zolusa, mbalame - akhwangwala ndi seagulls, komanso nyama monga nkhandwe zofiira. Koma olakwira amasaka makamaka nkhuku, kuyesera kudya mazira a mbalamezi.
Kutengera ndi nyengo, fluff mbalame za auk kusintha, monga munthawi inayake ya kukaikira mazira, pambuyo pake nthenga za mbalamezi zimasinthiratu mwezi ndi theka, ndipo munthawi yomwe yatchulidwayo amalephera kuuluka.
Zolemba za Auk nthawi ina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zipewa za azimayi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa nthenga za mbalameyi ndizofewa ndipo ndizosangalatsa kukhudza.
Kudya auk
Zomwe auks amadya? Zakudya zawo zachizolowezi zimaphatikizapo nsomba, zomwe zimakhala mdera laling'ono, ndipo chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimatha kufikira.
Izi zikuphatikiza ma cod achichepere, ma sprats, sprat, gerbil, hering'i, capelin. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri yam'madzi yam'madzi imatha kukhala chakudya cha auk: shrimp ndi squid, komanso ma crustaceans.
M'nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yachisanu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi am'nyanja, amakhutira ndi chakudya chachonde chomwe amapeza mkatikati mwa nyanja. Amathamangira pamutu posaka ma molluscs ndi ma gerbils, amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kopitilira mphindi.
Panthawi yovundikirayi, zolengedwa zamapikozi zimasaka m'madzi osaya, pomwe pansi pa nyanja zimayang'ana tizinyama tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzimo. Mlomo wakuthwa umathandiza kuti nyama yake isavutike.
Atapambana zikho zawo kunyanja, mbalamezi zimadya nthawi yomweyo, kapena kupita nazo ku anapiye awo. Ndipo ngati adani olimbana nawo ali ndi kulimba mtima kulowerera pazomwe ali nazo, auk amakhala okonzeka kumenya nkhondo mwamphamvu ndi olakwirawo. Komabe, iwonso amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso za ntchito ya wina, kuba kapena kutenga nsomba zomwe zagwidwa ndi mbalame zina.
Mukamafunafuna chakudya, ma auks amatha kukhala m'madzi kwa mphindi zingapo
Kubereka komanso kukhala ndi moyo wa auk
Kawirikawiri amakhala m'madzi otseguka, mbalame yam'nyanja ya auk imangofika kumtunda nthawi yoswana, ndipo izi zimachitika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa masika nyengo yachisanu ku Arctic isanayambe.
Asanabadwe, mbalame zimauluka maulendo ataliatali mpaka makilomita 100 kukafunafuna chakudya. Koma nkhukuzi zikawonekera, sizimawasiya kwa nthawi yayitali. Oimira mbalamezi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, yomwe ndi njira yodzitetezera komanso njira yodzitetezera kwa adani.
Mbalame zimakhwima mokwanira kukhala ndi ana pofika zaka 4-5. Asanachite miyambo yaukwati, imayamba nthawi ya chibwenzi, pomwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasala ndikuyesera kusangalatsa osankhidwawo. Pambuyo pake, kukwatirana kangapo kumachitika, komwe kumachitika maulendo 80.
Auk imayikira dzira lokhalo m'ming'alu ya thanthwe
Mbalame zotere sizimanga zisa, koma zimangoyikira dzira (monga lamulo, limakhala lokha) m'miyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kufunafuna malo oyenera a izi, kugwiritsa ntchito ming'alu m'matanthwe, malo osokonekera, puffins ndi ma burrows, nthawi zambiri amasankha nyumba yofanana chaka ndi chaka mu chaka.
Nthawi zina, mbalame zimapanga nyumba zabwino kuchokera ku timiyala tating'onoting'ono, ndikuzisonkhanitsa mulu, ndikuphimba kukhathamira ndi nthenga zofewa ndi ndere youma.
Dzira, limene makolo onsewo amatengamo mbali, limakhala lachikasu kapena loyera, ndipo kumapeto kwake limakutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira ndipo limalemera pafupifupi 100. Pakatayika dzira, limaikidwa latsopano, ndipo nthawi ya makulitsidwewo imakhala mpaka masiku 50.
Kuteteza ana awo amtsogolo, auk, komabe, musaiwale za kusamala ndi chitetezo chawo. Ngati wina amawawopseza munthawi ngati izi, mbalame zimatha kuchoka m'malo awo amakulitsidwe kwakanthawi kochepa.
Anapiye ongobadwa kumene satha kugwira ntchito, alibe thandizo ndipo amazindikira kuzizira, okutidwa ndi mazira akuda kwambiri. Kulemera kwawo ndi 60 g yokha.
Pachithunzicho auk ndi mwana wankhuku
Zimatenga milungu yoposa iwiri kuti mwana wa nkhukuzo azolowere kuzolowera chilengedwe chake. Chakudya chimaperekedwa ndi makolo ake osamala omwe amamubweretsera nsomba zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu waukulu wa chakudya chomwe anapiye amadya ndi capelin.
Mwana wankhuku amasamaliridwa m'chisa kwa milungu iwiri kapena kupitirirapo. Kenako amapangaulendo wake woyamba kunyanja kuchokera kwa kholo lake. Mwanayo amayamba kuyanjana ndi kuya kwa nyanja ndi gawo lowopsa, nthawi zambiri amalowerera kapena kudumphira m'mafunde amchere molunjika kuchokera kuphompho.
Nthawi zambiri kuyesayesa molimba mtima kotere kumatha modzaza, ndipo anapiye ambiri amafa. Koma ana omwe amapirira mayesowo mwaulemu, patatha miyezi iwiri amakula kuchokera kwa makolo awo ndikuyamba kudziyimira pawokha, ndikukhala moyo wovuta wa mbalame yakumpoto, yomwe imatha zaka 38.
