Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Tikambirana za tsekwe zamtchire, mawonekedwe ake, moyo wake komanso njira zotetezera mbalameyi m'nkhaniyi. Mmodzi mwa oimira ochititsa chidwi a nyama zakutchire za mbalame ndi Nyemba zazing'ono. Mbalame ndi za dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Tikawonetsetsa, zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi tsekwe wamba imvi. Koma mukayang'anitsitsa, kusiyanako kumawoneka kokwanira. Kukula kwa mbalame zotere ndikokulirapo: nthawi zambiri amuna amalemera makilogalamu oposa 5, ngakhale akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako.
Monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha nyemba, Mlomo wa zolengedwa izi ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi mzera wa lalanje woyenda kotenga pakati, ndipo nthenga zam'mimba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu woyera. Mbalame zamtundu uwu zimagawidwa ndi asayansi m'magulu angapo. Nyemba za atsekwe, Imvi ndi mithunzi yofiirira - mtundu wokhazikika wa nthenga zawo umasiyana makamaka pakulimba kwa utoto.
Malo awo okonda zisa nawonso ndi osiyana, monga zizindikilo zina. Mbalame zosamukazi zimakonda kukhala nyengo yabwino kumadera akumpoto a kontinenti ya Eurasia, kufalikira kuchokera kudera la Greenland kupita ku Far East.
Amakonda kusamukira kumayiko otentha ku Europe nthawi yachisanu. Komanso kuyembekezera kuzizira kwamphamvu, nyemba tsekwe zamoyo kutali kwambiri kum'mawa mpaka kumadera ena a Japan ndi China. Malo omwe mbalamezi zimakhala kwambiri ndi kukula kwa tundra, kumene tsekwe za nyemba zimakhala, akudzaza magombe a mitsinje, mitsinje yamapiri a m'nkhalango ndi nyanja, madambo okhala ndi moss ndi zigwa za mitsinje.
Nyemba zazifupi amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono zamtundu wa mbalame zomwe tikufotokoza. Mbalamezi pakuwonekera kwawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa pinki wamiyendo ndi mikwingwirima pamlomo wofupikitsidwa kwambiri, komanso mithunzi yowala. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalamezi ndi pafupifupi 70 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 2.5 kg, nthawi zina pang'ono.
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu ndi subspecies za tsekwe nyemba tsekwe. Nthawi zina, kukula kwake kumafika 90 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala mpaka 4.5 kg. Mitundu yamitunduyi imakhala ndi bulauni komanso ocher shades, mbali zake ndi zakuda, mimba ndi yoyera. Monga oimira mitundu yonseyi, Nyemba zamtchire ali ndi milomo iwiri.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Monga mbalame yamadzi nyemba tsekwe nthawi yomweyo, silimangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndi malo am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri amasambira madzulo, ndipo amakhala tsiku lonse kumtunda, komwe akumva bwino, akusuntha mwachangu ndikudumpha pakati pa mapiri.
Ndipo ngakhale pangozi, nyemba nyemba zimayamba kuthawa kuposa kuthamangira kukapulumutsa m'madzi, ngakhale kuti amakhala omasuka pamenepo, akusambira ndikumira bwino.
Mbalamezi zimasungunuka kamodzi pachaka, ndipo izi zimachitika nthawi yakulera anapiye. Nthawi ngati izi, mbalame zimayesetsa, limodzi ndi ana awo, kuti zisunthire kumalo osamva komanso osafikirika, makamaka posankha malo okhala ndi udzu wochepa kuti azikhalamo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimayesetsa kukhala pagulu lalikulu, ndipo malo awo, monga lamulo, amatetezedwa mwansanje ndi alonda otsekemera. Achinyamata amayamba kusungunuka poyamba, ndipo izi zimachitika pambuyo pake mbalame zokhwima.
Chakudya
Chakudya chodzala mbalamezi chimapanga maziko a chakudya chawo. Mulinso masamba, zitsamba ndi zipatso zamitundumitundu, yomwe ili pamalo otsika kwambiri kuchokera pansi.
Kupanga ndege zophukira, atsekwe amtchire ali ndi mwayi womanga misasa m'malo okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira: m'minda yambewu ndi mpunga, komanso m'minda ina ndi minda yamasamba. Anapiye omwe akukula mwachangu amathanso kudya nyama monga chakudya: nkhono, mazira a nsomba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
Kusonkhana m'magulu akulu m'malo odyetserako, mbalamezi zimapanga phokoso lalikulu, ndipo mawu a tsekwe wa nyemba amatha kumveka patali ngakhale mita mazana angapo. Ndizosatheka kufikira mbalame zomwe zikudya msipu patali pang'ono, chifukwa nthawi zonse gulu la ziweto limayang'aniridwa ndi alonda atcheru.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala okhwima, odziwa zambiri paketi. Pakakhala ngozi, amapanga mawu ochenjeza kwambiri. Nyemba tsekwe mawu ikufanana ndi kulira kwa tsekwe zotuwa ndipo imamveka mbalame mosiyanasiyana.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zisa za tsekwe za nyemba zimapezeka pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse cha dziko lathu, pakati pa nkhalango zam'mapiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zilumba zozizira, zokutidwa ndi ayezi wamuyaya wa nyanja yakumpoto. Mbalame zoterezi zimafika m'malo omwe amasankhira kuberekera ana kumayambiriro kwa masika, panthawi yomwe matalala ndi chipale chofewa zomwe zimatsalira nthawi yozizira sizinasungunuke.
Ndipo munthawi imeneyi mlengalenga pomwe gulu la ziwombankhanga zouluka zimawonedwa. Kusankha malo owuma mkatikati mwa tundra, paming'oma, mapiri ndi mapiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, m'malo okhala ndi misondodzi yosowa, mbalame, zomwe zidagawika awiriawiri, zimayamba kukonza zisa zawo.
Ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Kubwera pomanga, mbalamezi zimaponda mosamala malo omwe asankha. Kenako kukhumudwa pang'ono kumatulutsidwa mmenemo. Kenako, amayamba kumanga chisa, pogwiritsa ntchito zotsalira za zomera za chaka chatha ngati zida.
Ndipo chachikazi chimakwirira makoma anyumba ndi anapiye amtsogolo ndi nthenga komanso kutsika ndi thupi lake lomwe, lomwe amazula mosamala. Mwamuna, kumbali inayo, amathandiza bwenzi lake pachilichonse kuyambira koyambirira kwa zomangamanga, komanso popititsa patsogolo kulera ndi kulera ana.
Amakhala ngati chitetezo ndikuteteza banja lake, kukhala pafupi nthawi zonse komanso kuchenjeza za ngozi. Pakakhala zinthu zosasangalatsa, mbalame zimakhala zosamala kwambiri nthawi yogona. Ndipo adani akawonekera, samathamangira kuthawa, kudzibisa okha ndikubisala osadziwika kumbuyo kwa malo ozungulira a tundra.
Mazira a anapiye amtsogolo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi, yaikazi imayamba kuyala pafupifupi milungu itatu mbalamezo zikafika kumalo obisalira. Mazirawa amalemera mopitilira magalamu 10 ndipo amakhala ndi mphalapala, yokongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wamawangamawanga.
Anawo atangochoka, kutenthetsa ndi kuuma, banja lonse la mbalame limachoka pachisa ndikusamukira kuzilumba kapena zigwa za mitsinje zomwe sizili pafupi ndi madambo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zitsamba.
Anapiye ang'onoang'ono m'malo ngati amenewa savuta kubisalira adani awo. Anawo akamakula mwachangu, makolo amafunitsitsa kuwasunthira pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mwachilengedwe, mbalamezi sizikhala zaka zoposa 20, koma zikasungidwa, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali.
Nyemba zoteteza tsekwe
Nyemba za nyemba zimayesedwa kuti ndizotsekemera zazikulu kwambiri zakutchire. Kwa alenje okonda kudya, mbalame zamtunduwu zimawerengedwa kuti sizimakonda kudya. Ngakhale malo okhala, mbalamezi sizofunikira kwenikweni.
Koma, kusaka nyemba ololedwa mwalamulo. Njira yabwino kwambiri osaka nyama ndikufufuza komwe mbalamezi zimadyera, komwe zimakhamukira pagulu lalikulu. Alenje nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitochinyengo cha nyemba ndipo kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi luso.
Ngati zitagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa zitha kukhala zosemphana. Ndipo mbalame zosamala pozindikira zoopsa, zidzakhala nyama zosasaka mlenjeyo. Alenje odziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito scarecrow ngati nyambo. Nyemba zazisoti, gula zomwe sizili zovuta konse m'masitolo apadera kapena pa intaneti.
Komabe, posaka, munthu sayenera kuyiwala konse za kuteteza chilengedwe. Ndipo nyama yokoma ya mbalamezi sindiwo chifukwa chowonongera. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa Amper Amper amtunduwu kumachepa kwambiri. Mavuto a mbalame iyi kumadera ena amafunika kuphunzira mosamalitsa ndikukhazikitsa njira zotetezera mbalame.
Kuphatikiza pa kusaka mwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumathandizidwanso kwambiri ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndi malo okhala, kusintha komwe kumakhudzana ndi zochitika za anthu. Pakadali pano Nyemba zakutchire kuphatikiza mu Red Book.
