Nyani wamkulu kapena ma hominoid ndi banja labwino kwambiri, komwe oyimira omwe adatukuka kwambiri m'gulu la anyani ndi awo. Zimaphatikizaponso munthu ndi makolo ake onse, koma ali mgulu la mabanja ophatikizika ndipo sizingakambidwe mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawu oti "anyani akulu" azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabanja ena awiri okha: ma giboni ndi ma pongid. Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa anyani kukhala osiyana ndi anthu? Choyamba, zina mwa kapangidwe ka thupi:
- Msana wamunthu umapindika.
- Mbali ya nkhope ya anyani akuluakulu ndi yayikulu kuposa ubongo.
- Kuchuluka kwa ubongo wamphongo wamphongo ngakhale wamtali ndikocheperako kuposa anthu.
- Dera la cerebral cortex ndilolinso laling'ono, kuphatikiza apo, ma lobes akutsogolo ndi kwakanthawi samakula kwenikweni.
- Nyani wamkulu alibe chibwano.
- Nthiti ya nyani ndiyokhotakhota, yotsekemera, pomwe mwa anthu ndiyopanda.
- Mimbulu ya nyani imakulitsidwa ndipo imapita patsogolo.
- Chiuno chimakhala chocheperako kuposa cha munthu.
- Popeza munthu ali chilili, sacrum wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa mphamvu yokoka ndi anasamutsa kwa iye.
- Nyani amakhala ndi thupi ndi mikono yayitali.
- Miyendo, m'malo mwake, ndi yayifupi komanso yofooka.
- Anyani ali ndi phazi lophwatalala ndi chala chachikulu chotsutsana ndi enawo. Mwa anthu, ndi lopindika, ndipo chala chachikulu chimafanana ndi zinazo.
- Munthu alibe chophimba chilichonse chaubweya.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali zosiyana zingapo pakuganiza ndi kuchita. Munthu amatha kuganiza mozama ndikulankhulana kudzera m'mawu. Ali ndi chidziwitso, amatha kudziwa zambiri ndikupanga maunyolo ovuta.
Zizindikiro za anyani akuluakulu:
- thupi lalikulu lamphamvu (lalikulu kwambiri kuposa anyani ena);
- wopanda mchira;
- kusowa kwa zikwama zamataya;
- kusapezeka kwa ma sciatic calluses.
Komanso, ma hominoid amadziwika ndi njira yawo yodutsamo mitengo. Samathamanga nawo miyendo inayi, monga oimira anyani ena, koma amatenga nthambi ndi manja awo.
Mafupa a anyani akuluakulu Lilinso ndi dongosolo lapadera. Chigaza chili kutsogolo kwa msana. Komanso, ili ndi mbali yakutsogolo.
Nsagwada ndizolimba, zamphamvu, zazikulu, zosinthidwa kuti ziziluma chakudya cholimba. Manja ndiwotalikirapo kuposa miyendo. Phazi likugwira, chala chachikulu chili pambali (monga padzanja lamunthu).
Nyani wamkulu amaphatikizapo ma giboni, orangutan, gorilla ndi chimpanzi. Oyamba amapatsidwa banja lina, ndipo atatu otsalawo amaphatikizidwa - ma pongidi amodzi. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
1. Banja la gibbon limakhala ndi mibadwo inayi. Onse amakhala ku Asia: India, China, Indonesia, kuzilumba za Java ndi Kalimantan. Mtundu wawo umakhala waimvi, wabulauni kapena wakuda. Kukula kwawo ndikochepa kwa anyani akulu: kutalika kwa thupi la oyimira akulu kumafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu khumi ndi atatu.
Momwe amakhalira masana. Amakhala makamaka mumitengo. Pansi amayenda mosatsimikizika, makamaka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kokha mwa apo ndi apo atatsamira kutsogolo. Komabe, zimatsika kawirikawiri. Maziko a zakudya ndi chakudya chomera - zipatso ndi masamba a mitengo yazipatso. Amathanso kudya tizilombo komanso mazira a mbalame.
Pachithunzicho kaboni wamkulu wa nyani
2. Gorilla - kwambiri nyani wamkulu... Uyu ndiye membala wamkulu m'banjamo. Yaimuna imatha kukula mpaka mita ziwiri ndikulemera makilogalamu mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu.Izi ndizinyani zazikulu, zaminyewa, zamphamvu modabwitsa komanso zolimba. Chovalacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakuda; amuna achikulire amatha kukhala otuwa kumbuyo.
Amakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'mapiri mu Africa. Amakonda kukhala pansi, pomwe amayenda, makamaka ndi miyendo inayi, nthawi zina amangokwera. Zakudyazo ndizopangidwa ndi mbewu ndipo zimaphatikizapo masamba, zitsamba, zipatso ndi mtedza.
Amakhala mwamtendere mokwanira, amawonetsa kulimbana ndi nyama zina podzitchinjiriza. Mikangano yapakati imachitika makamaka pakati pa amuna akulu kuposa akazi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimathetsedwa powonetsa machitidwe owopseza, samangomenya ndewu, komanso makamaka kupha.
Pachithunzicho nyani wanyani
3. Anyaniwa ndi osowa kwambiri anyani akuluakulu amakono... Masiku ano, amakhala ku Sumatra, ngakhale kuti kale adagawidwa ku Asia konse. Ndi anyani akulu kwambiri, omwe amakhala m'mitengo. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kukhala ma kilogalamu zana.
Chovalacho ndi chachitali, chopendekera, chimatha kukhala chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yofiira. Anyani amakhala pafupifupi mumitengo yonse, osapita kukaledzera. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula, omwe amatola m'masamba.
Pogona usiku, amadzipangira zisa munthambi, ndipo tsiku lililonse amamanga nyumba yatsopano. Amakhala okha, amapanga awiriawiri m'nyengo yoswana. Mitundu yonse yamakono, Sumatran ndi Klimantan, yatsala pang'ono kutha.
Chithunzi cha anyani a orangutan
4. Chimpanzi ndi anzeru kwambiri anyani, anyani akuluakulu... Iwonso ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a anthu munyama. Pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo: chimpanzi wamba ndi pygmy, wotchedwanso bonobos. Ngakhale kukula kwanthawi zonse sikokulirapo. Mtundu wa malaya nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda.
Mosiyana ndi ma hominoid ena, kupatula anthu, anyani ndi omnivores. Kuphatikiza pa kubzala chakudya, amawononganso nyama, kuzipeza posaka. Wankhanza mokwanira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano pakati pa anthu, zomwe zimayambitsa ndewu komanso kuphedwa.
Amakhala m'magulu, omwe kuchuluka kwake kuli, pafupifupi, anthu khumi mpaka khumi ndi asanu. Awa ndi gulu lovuta kwambiri lokhala ndi dongosolo lomveka bwino komanso utsogoleri wolowezana. Malo omwe amakhala ndi nkhalango pafupi ndi madzi. Derali ndi gawo lakumadzulo komanso pakati pa Africa.
Pachithunzipa ndi nyani wa chimpanzi
Makolo a anyani akuluakulu zosangalatsa komanso zosiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, pali zamoyo zambiri zakale kwambiri kuposa zamoyo. Woyamba wa iwo anaonekera mu Africa pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni khumi zapitazo. Mbiri yawo yotsatira imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kontrakitala iyi.
Amakhulupirira kuti mzere wopita kwa anthu wagawanika kuchokera ku ma hominoid ena onse pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni asanu zapitazo. M'modzi mwa omwe akuyenera kukhala kholo la mtundu woyamba wa Homo amalingaliridwa Australopithecus - nyani wamkuluamene anakhalako zaka zoposa mamiliyoni anayi zapitazo.
Zolengedwazi zimakhala ndizinthu zakale zakale za anyani komanso zopita patsogolo, zomwe ndi anthu kale. Komabe, zakale ndizochulukirapo, zomwe sizimalola kuti Australopithecus ichitidwe mwachindunji ndi anthu. Palinso lingaliro kuti iyi ndi gawo lachiwiri, lakufa la chisinthiko, lomwe silinapangitse kutuluka kwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya anyani, kuphatikiza anthu.
Ndipo apa pali mawu akuti kholo lina lokondweretsa la munthu, Sinanthropus - nyani wamkulundikulakwitsa kale. Komabe, kunena kuti iye ndi kholo la munthu sikulondola kwenikweni, chifukwa mtundu uwu kale ndiwachikhalidwe cha anthu.
Iwo anali kale ndi chilankhulo chotukuka, chilankhulo ndi zawo, ngakhale zinali zoyambirira, koma chikhalidwe. Zikuwoneka kuti anali Sinanthropus yemwe anali kholo lomaliza la homo sapiens amakono. Komabe, njirayi siyimasulidwa kuti iye, monga Australopithecus, ndiye korona wa nthambi yachitukuko.
