Mphungu ya Derbnik ndi mbalame yodya nyama yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yaying'ono kwambiri m'banja la mphamba padziko lapansi. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, zinali zolemekezeka kwambiri kukhala ndi mbalame zolimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga ndi liwiro la mphezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pakusaka.
Ndipo masiku ano mitundu yambiri ya mphamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, kuonetsetsa kuti kunyamuka ndikutera pabwalo la ndege lomwe limapezeka molunjika m'malo oyenda mbalame zanyengo. Zamgululi ndi cholengedwa chokhala ndi nthenga chocheperako pang'ono pa nkhunda wamba, chifukwa chake, sichinagwiritsidwepo ntchito ndi anthu posaka kapena ntchito zina.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Kufotokozera kwa merlin falcon Ndikoyenera kuyamba ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumakhala pakati pa 24 mpaka 30 sentimita. Ma dimorphism azakugonana amakula mwa omwe akuyimira dongosolo la nkhandwe, ndipo akazi ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Kulemera kwa mbalame nthawi zambiri sikudutsa magalamu 300. Mapikowa amakhala pakati pa masentimita 52 mpaka 74. Paulendo, mapiko a merlin amafanana ndi chikwakwa, mawuwo ndiwosokonekera komanso osangalatsa. Mtundu wachikazi ndi wamwamuna ndiwosiyana, ndipo ngati mitundu yakale imalamulidwa ndimayendedwe owala owala okhala ndi mawanga akuda kwakutali, omalizirawa amakhala ndi nthenga za buluu kapena zofiira ndi mchira wakuda.
Ngati muyang'ana chithunzi cha khwimbi la merlin, mawonekedwe apadera m'khosi, okumbutsa kolala, nthawi yomweyo amakopeka. "Ndevu", zomwe ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi nthumwi zambiri, ndizofooka mu mbalamezi.
Akazi amafanana kwambiri ndi ma Saker Falcons, koma ali ndi miyeso yocheperako komanso michira yamizeremizere yosinthasintha zonona ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira. Miyendo ya mbalame za amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikaso, milomo imakhala yofiirira, ndipo iris imakhala yofiirira. Zinyama zazing'ono zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi akulu.
Malo omwe mbalamezi zimagawana ndi otakata, ndipo masiku ano amapezeka kwambiri m'makontinenti monga North America ndi Eurasia. Ku America nkhandwe merlin amakhala kuchokera ku Alaska kupita kudera lamapiri. Ku kontinenti ya Eurasia, amatha kupezeka mosavuta m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango, kupatula kumpoto kwa taiga ndi nkhalango-tundra.
Mbalamezi zimapewa kudera lamapiri lopanda zomera zambiri komanso mitengo komanso nkhalango zowirira. Koposa zonse, amakonda malo otseguka, pomwe nkhalango zazing'ono za paini zimasinthana ndi zitsamba zazitali kapena madera a nkhalango, yopanda zomera zowirira.
Popeza mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo akulu kwambiri, mitundu yawo komanso mawonekedwe ake amatha kusiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, magulu asanu alembedwa m'dera la Russia. Oimira banja la falcon amapezekanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Central Asia, Western Siberia ndi Kazakhstan.
Pazisa, merlin amasankha makamaka mitengo, nthawi zambiri imakhala zisa za khwangwala. Amakonda kwambiri zikopa zosiyanasiyana za moss zodzaza ndi zipewa zofiira. Mbalameyi imatha kukwera kumapiri mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 2,000 mpaka 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Popeza mbalame zambiri zazing'ono zomwe zimadutsa, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri merlin, zimasamukira kumwera ndikayamba nyengo yozizira, mphamba amayeneranso kusiya nyumba zawo ndikutsata omwe angawakhudze.
Kusamuka koyamba kwa mbalamezi kumachitika kumapeto kwa chirimwe; oimira ena a dongosololi amayamba kusamuka kwawo pakati pokha nthawi yophukira. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala kumadera akumwera sakonda kusiya gawo lawo chaka chonse.
Mbalame ya merlin pothawa
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Za zochititsa chidwi za merlin falcon zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika: choyamba, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasaka ziwiriziwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, wowonera wakunja, kutengera mawonekedwe amachitidwe awo, atha kuganiza molakwika kuti ma Falcons amangopusitsika kapena kusekerera.
M'malo mwake, pakadali pano, awiriwa pabanjapo ali otanganidwa kutsatira munthu wina, atapeza zomwe angachite naye mwachangu mphezi, osamupatsa mpata wopulumuka.
Kachiwiri, mbalameyi imatha kubisala m'malo obisalako kwa nthawi yayitali, kudikirira nyama yoti idye. Komabe, ngati munthu ayandikira chisa ndi anapiye mwachindunji pakusaka, ndiye kuti makolo onse awiri amasiya malo awo ndikuyamba kuwukira mwamphamvu munthu yemwe sangachite bwino.
Kujambula ndi chisa cha merlin
Chifukwa chapadera cha mapiko ake, merlin imatha kuyandama mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupita kukasaka, mbalameyi imatha kuzungulira mozungulira malowa (kuchokera mita imodzi pamwamba pa nthaka), ikukanikiza mapiko ake mthupi.
Chakudya
Kodi merlin falcon imadya chiyani?? Zakudya zazikuluzikulu za mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chisel, mbaula, masiketi, ngolo, ma lark ndi oimira ang'onoang'ono a banja lopitalo. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumpoto nthawi zambiri zimasaka nyama zazikulu.
Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri azakuthambo nthawi zambiri adalemba milandu yokhudza ziwombankhanga za ptarmigan, mluzu wa mluzu, plover wagolide komanso kuwombera kwakukulu. Ngati, pazifukwa zilizonse, merlin falcons palibe mwayi wodyera mbalame, zitha kuwononga tizilombo tambiri ndi mbewa zoyipa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mbalamezi zimakula msinkhu pofika chaka chimodzi. Kuyambira pakati pa masika, amayamba kusonkhana m'malo obereketsa, omwe samasintha m'moyo wawo wonse. Choyamba, amuna amawoneka, ndipo patapita nthawi akazi amatenga nawo mbali.
Mu lamba wa m'nkhalango, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zisa za akhwangwala ndi mbalame zina, pomwe zili m'mapiri malo awo amatha kukhala pansi kapena kuzunguliridwa ndi ziphuphu zazikulu. Kuti akonzekere zisa zotere, merlins safuna zida zomangira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amangokumba dzenje pakati pa peat bogi kapena udzu wotseguka.
Pachithunzicho merlin ndi anapiye
Pakutha kwa masika, akazi amabweretsa ana (kuyambira mazira atatu mpaka asanu mu clutch), omwe achinyamata amabadwa patatha mwezi umodzi. Anapiyewa atakwanitsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala okutidwa ndi nthenga ndipo amatha kusaka ndi kudzidyetsa okha.
Phiri la merlin ndi mbalame yodya nyama, yomwe kutchire imatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, akatswiri azakuthambo amadziwa milandu yambiri pomwe oimira mitundu iyi amakhala zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu. Masiku ano, ma fallin ambiri amatetezedwa, popeza kuchuluka kwawo kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi kukucheperachepera.
