Cholengedwa chotchuka m'madzi, chomwe ndi cha banja lamitsempha yamchenga, chimadziwika ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwawo pagombe lamchenga. Amatchedwa choncho okoma mtima.
Nyongolotsi imeneyi imadziwika kwambiri ndi asodzi okonda kudya omwe amaigwiritsa ntchito ngati nyambo yophera nsomba. Amakumba ziphuphu za sandworm pagombe pamafunde ochepa.
Zamoyozi zimakhala moyo wawo wonse mumchenga. Amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, koma nyongolotsi izi zimakonda kwambiri gombe lamchenga, losakanizidwa ndi matope ndi matope. Amaboola kuti athawe ngozi zomwe zingachitike ndipo pafupifupi samachoka komwe amabisala.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo amphawi zam'mimba
Kodi mchenga umawoneka bwanji? Ichi ndi nyongolotsi yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 25, ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 1. Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha sandstone zitha kuwoneka kuti ndizosiyanasiyana.
Mbali yake yakunja ndi yofiirira-bulauni yopanda ma tentament ndi ma bristles. Mbali yapakati ya thupi ndi yofiira. M'mbali mwake, mutha kuwona ma bristles ndi timitsempha tating'onoting'ono tambiri.
Mchira wake ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Mphungu ndi wachibale wakutali wa nyongolotsi wamba. Masamba pamchenga amakhala ndi iye yekha.
Amawoneka ngati mphete zomwe zimatuluka mumchenga, zomwe zimagawidwa mosagwirizana pakati pamipanda yambiri yamchenga. Izi zimapanga malo achilendo komanso achilendo. Peskozhil ndiwokumba mosatopa.
Pali mpweya wochepa m'nthaka yamchenga. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amchenga amayenera kupuma mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mitsempha. Khalani nawo mchenga wanyanjaMwachitsanzo, timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pakati pa thupi lake.
Pa nthawi yomwe mafunde amachitika, nyongolotsi iyi imayenera kugwira mwamphamvu minofu yathupi lonse kuti itenge madzi am'nyanja ochuluka momwe angathere kumalo ake opapatiza. Mitsinje yamadzi imatsuka mpweya wa nyongolotsiyo, imabweretsa mpweya, ndikutenga carbon dioxide.
Mitsinje yamadzi imeneyi imabweretsanso magawo azakudya kumiyala. Magazi a nyongolotsi iyi ndi ofiira. Lili ndi hemoglobin, yomwe nyongolotsi imatha kupumira bwinobwino.
Mphutsi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe iye amakhala ndi chilengedwe komanso chakudya chokwanira. Nyongolotsi izi zimatha kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu, momwe mumatha kukhala anthu pafupifupi 300,000 pa mita imodzi.
Mitsempha yambiri yamchenga imapezeka mu White, Barents ndi Black Sea. Mbalame zokhala ngati bondo zimadikirira nthawi yomwe nyongolotsi imayamba kubweretsa zinyalala pamwamba pake ndikuigwira nthawi yomweyo ndi mlomo wake wautali.
Kapangidwe ka mchenga M'magawo ake onse, amafanana ndi kapangidwe ka kachilomboka. Ndipo machitidwe awo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Yomweyo, ina, nyongolotsi zimathera nthawi yayitali m'moyo wawo m'nthaka, ndikusiya zotsalira pamtunda.
Masangweji amatha kukhala mu chubu kwa miyezi ingapo, momwe mpweya ndi chakudya zimanyamulidwira ndi anthu ambiri. Mtundu wamchenga nyongolotsi zomwe zimatha kukhala m'malo akulu kwambiri.
Mink yokhotakhota pamphepete mwanyanja yamchenga pansi pamiyala, ma cove, mitsinje ndi malo okondedwa gulu la mchenga... Posachedwapa, nyanja zambiri zaipitsidwa ndi mafuta ndi zinyalala zina.
Chifukwa chake, anthu ziphuphu nyongolotsi polychaete kuchepa pang'ono. Malo okhala ziphuphu ayenera kukhala oyera. Ili ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ofunikira kwambiri pakukula bwino ndi moyo wonse wa nyongolotsi izi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ziphuphu
Pokhala m'nthaka nthawi zonse, mbozi imatha kudzipezera chakudya chomwe chimalowamo komanso nthawi yomweyo chitetezo chodalirika. Pobowola nthaka, ngati nyongolotsi, mbozi imameza mchenga wambiri, womwe umadutsa m'matumbo mwake ndikuponyedwa kunja.
Chifukwa chake, mchenga umayandama pakamwa pa nyongolotsi, ndipo fanolo limapezeka pamwamba panthaka. Zotsalira za ndere zowola, zomwe nyongolotsi zimakonda kwambiri, zimalowamo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Asayansi adadabwa pomwe zidapezeka kuti, pa hekitala imodzi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ziphuphu zimatha kudutsa matani 16 patsiku. Mamina omwe nyongolotsi imatulutsa nthawi zonse amateteza matumbo ake kuvulala komwe kungachitike.
Pisces ndi mafani akulu a nyongolotsi izi. Amayang'anitsitsa pamene gawo lotsatira la mchenga likuyamba kuponyedwa ndikugwira nyongolotsiyo kumbuyo kwake. Koma nyongolotsi ndi mphamvu zake zonse komanso chifukwa cha ziphuphu zimapuma pamakoma a pogona pake motero imakhalabe ndi moyo.
Nsomba zimatha kudya mchira wa masangwere okha. Koma ili si vuto la nyongolotsi. Nthawi imapita ndikumbuyo kwa mwala wa mchenga kumakula. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, ma gulls, echinoderms ndi ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana amakonda kudya masangwere.
Nyongolotsi izi zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zochuluka, zomwe asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito pazolinga zawo, amafera masauzande ambiri chifukwa chachilengedwe, koma kuchuluka kwawo sikucheperachepera chifukwa chobereka bwino.
Mink zawo zopangidwa ndi L zili ndi makoma olimba. Amalimbikitsidwa ndi ntchentche zapadera. Kuya kwa minks koteroko kumafika masentimita 20 mpaka 30. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi la nyongolotsi ili pamalo opingasa mink, pomwe kumbuyo kuli pamalo owongoka.
Kuphatikiza pa kuti nyongolotsi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popha nsomba, apezanso ntchito yoyenera ngati mankhwala. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chinapezeka m'matumba awo, omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Chakudya cha masangweji
Anthu ambiri kunyanja ali ndi njira yofananira yopezera chakudya. Amadziika m'manda mumchenga ndikuboolera pansi pake. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusefera, onse amasefa chakudya chifukwa cha ntchito yamitsempha, yomwe ili ndi mamina.
Tinthu tonse tomwe timayenerana ndi chakudya timatsata mosagwirizana ndi chipolopolocho, ndipo ma villi amawayendetsa kukamwa. Mumchenga wanyanja, zonse zimachitika mosiyana pang'ono. Amakonda kudyetsa ma detritus omwe amakhala kunyanja.
Detritus ndi tinthu tomwe timapangidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Kuchotsa detritus kungakhale kovuta kwa masangweji ngati sichingatenge mchengawo ndi chakudya. Detritus imakumbidwa mosavuta ndi ziphuphu, ndipo mchenga umatuluka ngati mawonekedwe.
Nthawi zambiri amakumba maenje omwewo. Patsogolo pa ngalande yake yayitali, mchenga wodzaza ndi michere yambiri umabweretsedwamo, womwe mphutsi zimayamwa kwathunthu. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nyongolotsiyo imatulutsa kumbuyo kwake pamchenga ndipo zinyalala zake zimatulukamo.
Amafanana ndi mankhwala otsukira mano omwe amafinyidwa mumachubu ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi ndowe ya padziko lapansi. Mchenga wokondedwa kwambiri wa mitsempha ya mchenga ndimatope komanso matope. Lili ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wa njoka yam'mimba
Kusiya khumbilo lanu la khungu la mchenga ndikofanana ndi kufa. Kupatula apo, pali adani ake ambiri omwe ali pafupi. Kodi angabale bwanji? Chilengedwe chayesetsa kuteteza nyongolotsi zazikulu.
Umuna wawo umachitika m'madzi, momwe mazira ndi umuna kuchokera kumabowo a nyongolotsi za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimalowa. Mphutsi zomwe zimamera pansi pa nyanja pang'onopang'ono zimasanduka mitsempha yayikulu yamchenga.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti dzira ndi umuna wa nyongolotsi zimatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, amuna ndi akazi amatulutsa timagulu ta nyongolosi munthawi imodzi yoswana, yomwe imatenga masiku 14. Nyongolotsi izi zimakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi.
