Imodzi mwa malo oyamba pakati pa tizirombo tazinyumba zam'munda ndi zamaluwa zimatenga moyenera nsabwe... Tizilombo toyambitsa Homoptera ndi mutu kwa pafupifupi aliyense wamaluwa. Kukhazikika patali kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chonde chochuluka, nsabwe za m'masamba zimawononga zokolola, kudyetsa timadziti ta mbeu.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala nsabwe za m'masamba
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, osapitirira mamilimita angapo m'litali. Thupi la nsabwe limakhala ngati chowulungika; limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chosalala. Mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yokwanira mokwanira, tizilombo timeneti timatha kukwawa kuchokera ku chomera china kupita ku chimzake ngakhalenso kudumpha.
M'gulu lililonse la nsabwe za m'masamba, mulibe mapiko ndi mapiko, omwe amakhala ndi gawo lililonse pagulu linalake. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa mapiko sikutsimikiziridwa ndi jenda - amuna ndi akazi amatha kukhala amapiko.
Mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu wa munthu wamkulu, pali tinyanga tina tomwe timayang'anira kukhudza ndi kumva. Maso ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana; anthu opanda mapiko nawonso ali ndi maso atatu osavuta.
Maso a nsabwe za m'masamba amatha kukhala ofiira mpaka ofiira-akuda. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba ndi dongosolo labwino kuposa chitsanzo, njuchi. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ina.
M'kamwa limba la nsabwe umaimiridwa ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka proboscis, kamene kali ndi magawo anayi. Ndi proboscis iyi, nsabwe za m'masamba zimapyoza mbali yonse ya chomeracho ndikuyamwa timadziti tathanzi. Pali mitundu yoposa 4,000 ya nsabwe padziko lapansi. Tizilombo timakonda nyengo yotentha ndi chinyezi chambiri. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimamva bwino mu greenhouses.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nsabwe za m'masamba
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala m'magulu akuluakulu, zomwe zimakhudza, makamaka, mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba. Chomeracho chimafooka, masambawo amapindika ndipo samwalira posachedwa. Mitundu ya nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zambiri imakhala limodzi ndi nyerere.
Nsabwe za m'masamba, pogwira ntchito yawo yofunikira, zimatulutsa madzi otsekemera (pad), omwe nyerere zimawawona ngati chakudya chokoma. Nyerere zimadyetsa nsabwe za m'masamba, kudyetsa uchi ndi kuthamangitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi adani achilengedwe a nsabwe (ladybirds, hoverflies, etc.)
Mitundu ya Aphid
Mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsabwe za m'masamba, mitundu yamtunduwu imasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amthupi - ndiyokhota, yopindika, ellipsoidal. Miyeso imasiyananso kuyambira 0.5mm mpaka 8mm.
Nthawi zina, mtundu wa tizilombo wamkulu umadalira mtundu wa chomeracho chomwe nsabwezo zimadukapo.Nsabwe zoyera ili ndi chipolopolo chosinthika ndipo imadziwika bwino kwa okonda maluwa amkati. Kuphatikiza pa zomalizazi, mtundu uwu umakhudzanso mbande za mbewu zamasamba.
Msuzi wa nsawawa umakhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira; imakonda kupanga zokolola za nyemba, makamaka nandolo. Nsabwe zakuda zimakhala pamatcheri, yamatcheri okoma ndi mitengo ina yazipatso. Inde, nsabwe za m'masamba sizingathe kuwononga mtengo kwathunthu, koma zitha kuletsa kukula kwake ndikusokoneza zipatso zabwinobwino.
Ofiira aphid - tizilombo currants, gooseberries, mpendadzuwa ndi zomera zina zolimidwa. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wofiyira wofiirira, ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndikuyamba kulimbana ndi tiziromboti munthawi yake. Zomwe mungachite ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zikuwoneka pamasamba chomera chomwe mumakonda? Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika ndi njira zingapo: zamoyo, mankhwala, mankhwala azitsamba.
Nsabwe zakuda
Njira yachilengedwe imaphatikizapo kukopa chiwembu chanu kulimbana ndi tizilombo ta nsabwe za m'masamba-ozibera. Adani achilengedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba akupemphera mantises, ladybugs, hoverflies, lacewings, earwigs ndi ena ambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi mbeu yovuta yomwe imakopa adani a nsabwe. Komanso, kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba, zimabzala mbewu (adyo, katsabola, fodya, mankhwala a mandimu, marigolds). Mbalame zingayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, komabe, pakadali pano, zokolola za mabulosi zimathanso kukhudzidwa.
Limbana nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo toononga, wodziwika ndi kususuka kwambiri, amachitikanso ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Njirayi ndiyabwino ikafika pagawo lalikulu laulimi. Musaiwale za kuopsa kwa njirayi - mankhwala amakonda kudziunjikira chomeracho ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala patebulo pathu.
Njira za anthu kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba akupopera mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala azitsamba osiyanasiyana, yankho la sopo wochapa ndi phulusa. Ndizabwino kudziwa kuti zabwino mankhwala a nsabwe ndi Coca-Cola wamba. Pambuyo kuthirira masamba ndi chakumwa chotchuka, nsabwe za m'masamba, monga lamulo, zimasowa.
Kudya Aphid
Aphid ndi tizilombo pafupifupi omnivorous, zimakhudza zomera zilizonse. ndipo owerengeka ochepa okha ndi omwe amakonda udzu, zitsamba kapena mitengo. Kulowa m'matumba ofewa a mbewuyo kudzera mu proboscis, nsabwe za m'masamba zimadyetsa ma amino acid omwe amapezeka mumadziwo.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa nsabwe za m'masamba
M'dzinja, nsabwe zachikazi zimaikira mazira pachomera chomwe chimalandira. Pakufika nyengo yofunda, mphutsi zimaswa kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimakula kukhala achikulire omwe amaberekana popanda umuna (parthenogenesis). Zotsatira zakuchulukana kumeneku zidzakhala nsabwe zazing'ono zopanda mapiko.
Mkazi mmodzi pamwezi amatha kubala zikwi mazana ambiri za mtundu wake. Njuchi zikadzala, zitsanzo zamapiko zimayamba kuwonekera mwa ana, zokhoza kuwuluka kupita ku chomera china ndikukhalamo.
Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, amuna amawoneka pakati pa nsabwe za m'masamba ndipo kuberekana kumakhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ndi njira yoberekera iyi, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, koma ndi okhawo omwe amatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Mitundu ina ya nsabwe za m'masamba, osati mazira okha komanso mphutsi zomwe zimadutsa nthawi yayitali.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nsabwe kumadalira mitundu ndi nyengo. Pafupifupi, imakhala kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka mwezi. M'malo ozizira (8-10 ° C), nsabwe zaikazi zimatha kukhala masiku 60.
Momwe mungachotsere nsabwe za m'masamba
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimawononga zomera, osati kungoyamwa timadziti tofunikira, komanso kuzisamutsa ndikuwapatsira ma virus ndi bowa. Koma majeremusi amtunduwu kulipo osati pa oimira maluwa okha, alipo ambiri mthupi la munthu. Tiyeni tiwone mankhwala ochepa omwe amapha nsabwe za m'masamba.
1. Dandelion ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbirana ndi nsabwe za aphid, osati kokha, komanso motsutsana ndi nkhupakupa ndi mitu yamkuwa. 300 g wa masamba odulidwa bwino ndi ma rhizomes amathiridwa ndi madzi (10 l) ndikupatsidwa maola atatu. Pambuyo kulowetsedwa, kupsyinjika ndipo nthawi yomweyo muzisamalira mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa.
2. Celandine. Dulani bwino (3-4 tchire lapakati) ndikuphimba ndi madzi ofunda (1 chidebe), onjezerani 20 g wa sopo wosungunuka kapena chotsukira, mwachitsanzo, Fairy, pamenepo. Njirayi iyenera kukakamizidwa ndikusankhidwa pambuyo pa maola atatu. Dutsani madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi kukonzekera kukonzekera, kuti afike pa tizirombo tokha, ndiko kuti, kuyambira pansi. Mutha kuthira mwachindunji mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi yankho.
3. Nsonga za phwetekere. 500 g amadulidwa bwino ndikutsanulira ndowa imodzi yamadzi, zonsezi zimaphika kwa theka la ora. Njira yomalizidwa imadzipukutidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mutha kupopera mbewu zilizonse. Nsonga za phwetekere zimatha kusinthidwa ndi nsonga za mbatata. 1.5 makilogalamu a nsonga za mbatata zodulidwa amathiridwa mu malita 10 a madzi ofunda ndikuumiriza kwa maola atatu, kenako nkusefedwa. Kenako mutha kupopera utsi.
4. Makhorka. 100 g wa fodya ayenera kuphikidwa kwa ola limodzi mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kenako nkupsyinjika. Musanagwiritse ntchito, msuzi wotsatira uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi: 300-400 g wa msuzi pa chidebe chimodzi.
5. Soda yankho. 1 tbsp. l. koloko amafunika kusungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi sopo wochapa - kotala la chidutswa.
6. Tsabola wowawasa. Mu lita imodzi yamadzi, muyenera kuwira nyemba zingapo za tsabola. Kenako msuziwo umakakamizidwa masiku awiri. Musanagwiritse ntchito, yankho liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi: 1 galasi lolowetsedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
7. Kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa. Imadziwika kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. 200-300 g wa phulusa amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha, yankho lakhazikika limasefedwa ndipo sopo kapena chotsuka chotsuka mbale chikuwonjezeredwa.
Kuti mankhwalawa abweretse phindu lenileni, mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala pa tizilombo. Ndipo, nsabwe za m'masamba zonse sizimakonda potaziyamu owonjezera. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa mbewu modzipereka ndi phulusa komanso kuthirira kwambiri kumawononga kukoma kwa zokoma za nsabwe za m'masamba. Potaziyamu ndi yofunikira pa thanzi la chomera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumangobweretsa phindu.
Koma kwa iwo omwe samalimbikitsa chidaliro mu njira zowerengera polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba popanda chemistry, nditha kulimbikitsa mankhwala angapo omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo athu. Aktofit - ilibe vuto lililonse kwa njuchi, koma imapha nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zipatso, zitapopera mankhwalawa, zitha kudyedwa pambuyo pa maola 48. Mankhwalawa amatha kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala a bitoxibacillin. "AKTARA 25WG" ili ndi mphamvu zowononga kwambiri.
Ndipo malingaliro omalizira: pitani mbewu zoletsa kutsamba, monga timbewu tonunkhira, lavenda, thyme ndi ena. Komanso, ndikofunikira, kuthetseratu nyerere zomwe zimabereka nsabwe za m'masamba ndikudya mkaka wawo, apo ayi kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kudzakhala kopanda ntchito.
