Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala vicuna
Vicuna (mayina ena - vigoni, vicuni, vigon) ndi wowala wa banja la ngamila kuchokera ku mtundu wa llamas. Kunja lama vicuña ngati guanaco kapena alpaca, koma amangofanana ndi ngamila, popeza ilibe humps, ndipo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kukula kwake.
Mosiyana ndi ngamila, imapezeka ku South America kokha, kumadzulo kwake - kumapiri a Andes (m'chigawo chamayiko aku Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia ndi Argentina). Ma Vicua amakhala kumtunda wamakilomita 3.5 mpaka 5.5, m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Nyamayo ndi yokongola komanso yowonda. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, kutalika pakufota kuli pafupifupi mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 50 kg. Chovalacho ndi chopindika pang'ono, koma chofewa komanso cholimba, kuti apulumutse nyama ku chimfine, mphepo, mvula ndi nyengo zina zoipa. Chifukwa chake, alpaca, llamas, guanacos, vicuñas ndizofanana kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa vicuna
Vicuña chikupu. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 5 mpaka 15, kupatula ana omwe amawoneka pafupipafupi. Gulu lirilonse limalamulidwa ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna m'modzi. Gulu lililonse limadziwa malo ake.
Mwamunayo amayang'anira "banja" lake mwansanje, akuyenda nthawi zonse ndikuyesera kukwera pamwamba pa phirilo kuti awone malo ozungulira ndikupereka chizindikiritso munthawi yake ngati angawone zina mwaziwopsezo.
Khalidwe la nyama ili ndi chibadwa, ngakhale mndandanda wazachilengedwe, adani achilengedwe kusiyapo anthu sadziwika ndi ma vicunas amakono. Kuphatikiza pa gulu lomwe linali ndi magulu, anyamata aamuna omwe akupezabe chidziwitso ndi kulimba mtima amapita kumapiri, kufunafuna nthawi yoyenera kuti amenye akazi kuchokera kwa "mtsogoleri wamtundu wina" wokalamba ndikupanga gulu lawo.
Pambuyo pake, adzatetezanso gawo lawo. Ndipo atsogoleri akale omwe adatengedwa ukapolo amakhala moyo wosungulumwa. Vicuñas amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika masana okha, ndikupuma usiku. Masana, ma vicuñas pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuyanjana, amayenda m'mapiri kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo akatha kudya, amasangalala ndi dzuwa.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe a phlegmatic komanso mawonekedwe abata (nyama zili pafupi ndi anthu komanso malo okhala, mutha kupeza zambiri chithunzi cha vicuna), Ali ndi makhalidwe opanda pake.
Akakhala mu ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amakana kumwa komanso chakudya, samalumikizana ndi munthu. Ndi chifukwa chake kwazaka mazana ambiri nyama izi sizinalimidwe, ngakhale kuyesetsabe kukupangidwabe.
Chakudya
Dera lamapiri - Puna - pomwe ma artiodactyls amakhala, ndi chigwa chotseguka, chowombedwa ndi mphepo zonse. Ngakhale zinali zovuta kupeza chakudya, madzi komanso kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino m'malere ochepa a m'mapiri, ma vicuñas adazolowera kutero.
Chifukwa chake, chakudya, pazifukwa zomveka, sicholemera. Amadya zomera zonse zomwe amapezeka kudera lamapiri. Mbali yakuthupi ya ma artiodactyls ndi mano otsika kwambiri, omwe akupitilira kukula m'moyo wawo wonse, monga makoswe.
Kwa ma artiodactyls, izi sizachilendo. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chosalala cha ma vicuñas ndichofunikira kuti mungosamba mano ena obwezeretsanso. Ma incisors am'munsiwa ndi akuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ma vicuñas amadula masamba, nthambi, mphukira ndikuzitafuna bwinobwino.
Vicuñas samadya gawo lazomera, koma ngati atakumana ndi tchire lamtchire panjira, ndiye phwando lenileni la banja lonse. Amakonda kuwononga zikhalidwe zomwe anthu amalima, koma mwamwayi kwa anthu, ma artiodactyls samakonda kutsika kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Posachedwapa (mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20), munthu anali mdani wamkulu wa nyama iyi, koma popeza ma vicuñas adatetezedwa ndi Red Book ndi boma, zaka zawo za moyo zawonjezeka kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, ma vicuñas amakhala zaka 15-20.
Vicuna — nyama kwaulere, koma posachedwapa akhala akuyesera kuti aziweta pakhomo, makamaka popeza mzaka zaposachedwa akhala akutengeredwa nthawi zonse kumadera apadera okhala ndi mipanda kukameta tsitsi ndi mayeso azachipatala.
Pambuyo pa njira zonse, ziweto zomwe zagwiridwazo zimatulutsidwa kachiwiri, kugawidwa m'magulu ndikuyenda m'mapiri mpaka "msonkhano" wotsatira. Nyama ziyenera kumasulidwa chifukwa sizikufuna kuswana mu ukapolo.
Nyengo yokwatirana ya vicunas imayamba masika. Mimba ya mkazi imatha miyezi 11. Popeza kuti mkazi aliyense pa msinkhu wachonde amabereka ana pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, n'zosavuta kuwerengera kuti nyengo yatsopano iliyonse yokhwima kwa iye imachitika mwezi umodzi wokha atabereka.
Amphongo amadyetsa pafupi ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, kenako amakhala mgulu pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri, kenako nkupita "kusambira kwaulere" limodzi ndi anyamata ena achichepere kuti apeze malo awo m'moyo.
Mtengo wa Vicuna ubweya
Ubwino wa ubweya wa vicunas amadziwika kuti ndiwopamwamba kwambiri kuposa zachilengedwe zonse. Komanso, ndiubweya wokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kupezeka ndi kukwera mtengo kumafotokozedwanso ndi mawonekedwe apadera a ubweya, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma vicuna lero, atatha zaka mazana ambiri kuwonongedwa ndi mbadwa za ogonjetsa, alipo pafupifupi 200 anthu.
Chovala cha Vicuna ndichofewa komanso chofunda
Chovalacho ndi chofewa kwambiri komanso chotentha. Vicuna ubweya imakhala ndi ulusi woonda modabwitsa. Izi ndi ulusi wabwino kwambiri wachilengedwe wodziwika bwino. Kutalika kwa fiber kumatha kufikira 30-50 mm (tsitsi lalitali lalitali limakula pamimba).
Avereji fineness (ili ndi dzina la m'mimba mwake la tsitsi) vicuña ubweya - 10-15 ma microns, ndi ulusi wotsika (undercoat) umafika kumapeto kwa ma microns 6-8 okha. Poyerekeza, ubweya wabwino wa alpaca ndi ma 22-27 ma microns, yak - 19-21 ma microns, ndi kashmir 15-19 ma microns. Ubwino wa ubweya wa chinchilla nawonso ndi wotsika.
Ubweya wambiri wa vicuña umakololedwa ndikupangidwa ku Peru (pafupifupi theka la voliyumu yonse), komanso ku Bolivia, Argentina ndi Chile. Mavoliyumu ndi ochepa.
Malinga ndi malamulowo, nyama iliyonse yayikulu imatha kumeta ubweya osapitilira kamodzi pazaka zingapo zilizonse, pomwe osapitilira magalamu 400-500 a ubweya amatengedwa kuchokera kulikonse vicuna. Mtengo ubweya wosankhidwa ndi manja umafika $ 1000 pa kilogalamu.
Kujambula ndi mwana wama vicuna
Mtengo wa mita ya nsalu yolemera magalamu 300 imafika $ 3000 (iyi ndi ma ruble opitilira 200,000 kwa iwo omwe akuthamangitsidwa ndi chikhumbo cha chinthu vicuna kugula). Chovala chovala amuna chimawononga $ 20,000, ndipo masokosi awiri amalipira $ 1200.
choncho vicuna odula idzakhala chinthu chodula kwambiri chotheka (kupatula malo ndi nyumba). Pachifukwa ichi, ubweya waubweya woterewu umapangidwa ndi dzanja, popeza ndikoletsedwa kupha nyama zosowa izi, ndipo pamwamba pake pamatuluka ubweya.
Ubweya wachilengedwe wa Vicuna uli ndi sinamoni wodziwika bwino, kuyambira mdima mpaka kuwala (msana wa nyama nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira, ndipo pamimba ndi m'mbali mwake ndi wopepuka), chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zidatchulidwa, sizidulidwa. Mtundu wa sinamoni ndi mtundu wa khadi yochezera ya ubweya wa vicuña.
