Mawonekedwe ndi malo a nkhunda ya nkhuni
Vyakhir - iyi ndi njiwa yamtchire yamtchire, mwanjira ina, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa vituten. Uyu ndi nthumwi ya banja la nkhunda, lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa anzawo. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 40, koma nthawi zina kumayandikira theka la mita.
Mapiko a mbalame amafika 75 cm ndi kupitilira apo; kulemera kwake ndi kuchokera ku 450 g, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kochepera 1 kg. Mbalame zoterezi ndi abale apamtima a nkhunda zonse zakumatauni ndi zapakhomo ndi nkhunda - nawonso oimira banjali, koma ocheperako.
Monga mukuwonera chithunzi nkhunda nkhunda, mitundu ya mbalameyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri: maziko ake ndi otuwa kapena otuwa ndi nkhunda; chifuwa ndi chofiira kapena pinki, khosi limakhala lobiriwira ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, chotupacho ndi turquoise kapena lilac.
Nthawi imeneyo, mbalame ziuluka motalika, mikwingwirima yoyera imawonekera bwino pamapiko aliwonse ndi kumchira, wopangidwa ndi mawanga omwe amakhalanso pakhosi, komanso mbali zonse ngati kachulukidwe.
Mapiko a nkhunda yamatabwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 75.
Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wachikasu kapena wa pinki, maso ake ndi achikasu otumbululuka, miyendo ndiyofiira. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa njiwa ndi mbadwa zake, kupatula kukula kwake kwakukulu, ndi kofupikitsa, poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake, mapiko ake ndi mchira wautali.
Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri ku Scandinavia ndipo zimapezeka kumapiri a Himalaya. M'dera la USSR wakale, ndizofala ku Baltic States ndi Ukraine. Ku Russia, nkhunda zakutchire zamtchire zimapezeka kwambiri kumadera a Leningrad, Gorky ndi Novgorod.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala, nkhunda ya nkhuni imatha kukhala yokhazikika komanso yosamukira kwina. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumpoto kwambiri zimakonda kusamukira kumadera otentha nthawi yozizira. Koma nyengo ya Crimea ndi Caucasus ndiyabwino kale mbalame zachisanu, komwe zimafika chaka chonse.
Pafupi ndi kumpoto, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'nkhalango za coniferous, koma kum'mwera zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndipo zimakhalanso m'minda ya thundu, momwe mumakhala chakudya chokwanira. Nthawi zina amafalikira m'nkhalango.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhunda ya nkhuni
Kupatula nyengo yolerera ana, nkhalango nkhunda zakutchire nkhunda Nthawi zambiri imakonda kukhala ndi ziweto zina, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafikira mbalame zingapo. Makulidwe akulu a nkhumba amapangidwa nthawi yandege.
Ngakhale mbalame zimabisala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana bwino (komanso nthawi zambiri kunja kwake), nkhumba zimakonda kuthera nthawi yonseyi kumunda, komwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Vyahiri amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu
Ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zoyenda komanso zolimba. Popereka mawu, iwo, monga nkhunda zonse, amalira: "Kru-kuuuu-ku-ku-kuku." Ndipo ikukwera pansi, njiwa ikuphwanya mapiko ake mokweza, ndikuimba mluzu wakuthwa nawo.
Mverani mawu a njiwa
Kusaka njiwa ndi ya zochitika zingapo zamasewera ndipo ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa. Zowona, chisamaliro chachilengedwe cha mbalamezi chimabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa okonda zosangalatsa zoterezi, koma kufunitsitsa kwake kuwononga mbalamezo ndi kukopa mbalamezo kumawonjezera chisangalalo komanso chisangalalo pakusangalala. Ndipo kuchokera kwa mlenje amafunika kukhazikika, kusamala, kupirira komanso kuleza mtima.
Masika, m'malo ovomerezeka, ochita masewera othamangitsa nyama zamphongo amasaka nkhunda zamtchire mwachinyengo. Komanso, alenje odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amatsanzira mawu a mbalame, motero amazikoka.
M'chilimwe nthawi zambiri amasaka nkhunda nkhuni kuchokera nyama zodzaza... Imeneyi ndi njira ina yofala yokopera nyamazo. Mbalame yokumba yopangidwa m'chifanizo cha nkhunda yakutchire nkhunda nkhuni, gula mosavuta, ndipo zoseweretsa izi zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Ndipo anzawo omwe amakhala, azolowera kukhala pagulu, powona "abale" awo, amawuluka ndikukhala pansi mosangalala, ndizomwe amatsenga anzeru amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zolowetsedwa kwambiri, zimachulukitsa mwayi wakunyengerera nkhunda zakutchire zochuluka chinyengo chotere. Kusaka nkhumba zamatabwa ndi pneumatic ndikoletsedwa mdziko lathu, ngakhale ophwanya malamulo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamtunduwu.
Chifukwa chakusaka mwakhama mbalame, timagulu tating'ono ta nkhunda zakutchire, mwachitsanzo, Columba palumbus azorica, zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha, chifukwa chake zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Mitundu ina ya nkhunda yamatabwa, yomwe nthawi ina idakhala pazilumba za Madeira, mwatsoka, idawonongedwa kwathunthu mzaka zapitazi. Chiwerengero cha nkhunda ya nkhuni ya Azores, ngakhale akatswiri amaganiza kuti ndiyabwino, koma, omwe amakhala m'zilumba zonse zikuluzikulu, tsopano akusungidwa kuzilumba za Pico ndi San Miguel.
Chiwerengero cha nkhumba zamatabwa sichambiri lero. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa nkhunda zakutchire zikuchepa kwambiri osati kokha chifukwa cha kuwombera kwawo, komanso kuwonongedwa kopanda nkhalango kwa nkhalango komwe amakhala kale.
Chakudya cha njiwa
Vyakhiri wokhala kufupi ndi nkhalango za paini ndi mitengo ya thundu amadyetsa zipatso, nthanga za spruce ndi acorn. Mbalame zimazipeza pamitengo yamitengo ndikuzitola pansi. Gulu lonse la nkhumba zamatabwa limadyera kudera labwino la chakudya choyenera iwo, ndipo, monga lamulo, mbalame, posankha malo amodzi oyenera, zimakonda kubwerera komweko.
Chakudya nkhunda nkhunda nkhunda amagwiritsira ntchito nyemba, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, mtedza, zitsamba, komanso mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe chimanga chamtchire chimadya mosavuta; Kuphatikiza apo, amadya zipatso: lingonberries, mabulosi abulu, zipatso zamabuluu. Chotupa cha mbalamezi chimakhala chaphamphu kwambiri ndipo chimanyamula mbale yonse mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri zamitengo.
Mtedza wa Vyakhiri beech umaswedwa molunjika kuchokera ku tchire. Zomera zazikulu nthawi zambiri sizimakhudzidwa, koma zazing'ono zimatha kubudula kwenikweni pamizu. Kuchokera kuzakudya zanyama, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri pakudya kwa mbalame, amagwiritsa ntchito mahule ndi mbozi.
Kufooka kwa nkhumba zamatabwa ndi njere ya mkate, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu. Ndipo zitatha kukolola m'minda, mbalame zambiri zimakhamukira kumalo komwe kumalimidwa tirigu ndi tirigu wina kuti apindule ndi zomwe zilipo, zikuuluka mozungulira mitolo ndikutola zokoma zomwe amakonda.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nkhunda nkhuni
Mbalame ya njiwa imaswana zisa za anapiye awo nthawi zambiri ku Europe, komanso kumadzulo kwa Siberia, komwe nthawi yogona imakhala kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembara. Mbalamezi zimabwerera pambuyo paulendo wawo wachisanu m'malo omwe zimadziwika mchaka, ndipo m'magulu awo, pamodzi ndi awiriawiri okhwima kale, mbalame zambiri zazing'ono zimafika.
Pachithunzicho, nkhumba zingapo
Amuna osakwatiwa, atakhala pamwamba pamitengo, amalira mokweza, amakopa abwenzi awo, ndipo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri m'mawa. Pakutha kwa Epulo, nkhunda, zitasankha, zimakonda kugawikana pakati, mwakhama ndikuyamba kumanga zisa.
Vyakhiri amakwezanso anapiye awo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, komwe amaswana chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri osasiya nyumba zawo. Zisa za njiwa zimamangidwa mwachangu ndipo zimatha kumaliza ntchito yawo m'masiku ochepa okha. Maziko okhala anapiye amtsogolo ndi nthambi zakuda, zolukanalukana ndi zina zosinthasintha komanso zowonda.
Pachithunzicho pali chisa cha njiwa
Ndipo kumapeto kwa zomangamanga, zotayirira, zosunthika kuchokera mbali zonse, zisa zazitali-pansi zimapezeka, zokhazikika pamitengo, nthawi zambiri zosapitirira mita ziwiri. Nthawi zina mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zakale za mbalame zina: mbalame zazing'ono, magpies ndi akhwangwala.
Pambuyo pokonza mazira, masewera olimbitsa thupi amayamba, omwe amawonetseredwa pakulira kwa amuna ndi ndege zawo ndi mabwalo ndi kutera kwakanthawi mozungulira mkazi. Ndipo akamaliza miyambo yofunikira, kuikira mazira pamapeto pake kumachitika. Popeza mbalame zimasamala, makamaka nthawi yoswana, zimakonda kubisala m'masamba a nyama zolusa, nyama zazikulu ndi anthu.
Ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala chete pakabuka chinthu chokayikitsa, chobisalira kumbuyo kwa nthambi za mitengo ya coniferous, komwe, monga lamulo, amakonzekeretsa zisa, momwe mumakhala nkhuku ziwiri.
Mu chithunzi, Vyakhir anapiye
Amayi a njiwa amasamira mazira ake masiku 15-18. Abambo amamuthandiza pazonse, motero makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali pakulera anapiye. Kenako pakubwera nthawi yodyetsera anapiye, yomwe imatha pafupifupi milungu inayi. Vyakhiri amadyetsa ana awo poyamba ndi tchipisi cha kanyumba ka goiter, koma pang'onopang'ono anawo amapita ku zakudya zina.
Anapiye samatha masiku opitirira 40 ali pachisa. Amaphunzira kuwuluka osasiya makolo awo koyamba, koma posakhalitsa amayamba kukhala pawokha. Vyakhiri amakhala zaka pafupifupi 16.
