Nkhuni amatchedwa nyani waluntha ndikunena kuti luntha lawo ndikukhumba kukhala mdziko ndiloposa chimpanzi. Mwa anyani onse aku Africa, amalumikizana ndi anthu kuposa ena.
Pachithunzichi, anyani ndi mayi wokhala ndi mwana
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala anyani
Mzere wa anyani umatsogolera ku anyani kuchokera kubanja la anyani. Zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira ndi mawonekedwe apadera a chigaza ndi chimbudzi chachitali. Dzinali likuwonetsa khalidweli - nyani wamutu wagalu. Kwa mthunzi wachikasu wa imvi, nyama zimatchedwa abulu achikasu. Baboons pachithunzichi zimawoneka zoseketsa komanso zosangalatsa.
Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 75, opanda mchira, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 60. Zoyipa, pakuwona koyamba, anyani amadziwika ndi kutha msinkhu kwawo. Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu isanu yayikulu ya anyani: azitona, Guinea, anyani a chacma ndi anyani achikaso ndi hamadryl, omwe amadziwika ndi nkhope yayikulu komanso yofiira, yomwe dzina lake ndi bulu wofiira.
Anyani okangalika komanso ofuna kudziwa zambiri amakhala pagulu la anthu. Sakhala ndi moyo umodzi. Ubale pagulu la anthu 50-80 umapangidwa pamiyeso yofunikira kwambiri ya amuna ndi akazi.
Kuti musunthire mwana wamwamuna wokhwima kupita pagulu lina, muyenera kuteteza akazi odziwika bwino kuchokera kuzilombozo ndikuwapatsa ulemu. M'gulu lankhosa anyani anyani pafupifupi amuna 6-8, akazi ndi ana ang'ono ambiri azaka zosiyana. Ma Baboons amayenda ndi miyendo inayi, osasunthira mchira wawo pathupi.
Mchira wautali, wokwera mmwamba, ukhoza kuwonedwa patali pamene gulu la nkhosa liyenda. Malo okhalamo anyani achikaso ku Central ndi East Africa ndi madera a savannah ndi steppe, ngakhale kumapiri anyani amakhala omasuka, bola ngati pali magwero othirira.
Anyani amatha kukhala m'malo amiyala komanso m'nkhalango. Kulikonse komwe amapeza malo obisalako. Anyani amakopeka ndi malo okhala ndi kubzala mbewu. Kulima minda ya chimanga kapena mapira ndizofala pamoyo wa anyani.
Anyani ali ndi mano akulu amphamvu
Saopa munthu, amapempha ndi kuba nthawi yoyamba. Kwa zigawenga m'minda, anthu akumaloko amawona ngati tizirombo. Ngati maubwenzi ndi anthu amakhala owopsa, anyani amathawa osamenya nkhondo.
Abulu ndiosavuta kuweta, kenako amakhala bwenzi lodzipereka komanso lokondedwa. Ku Igupto wakale, zinali zachikhalidwe kuti mabanja olemera azisunga ziweto zotere. Nyani wa Hamadryl wolemekezedwa ngati mulungu wotchedwa Babi.
Mwachilengedwe, sizilombo zonse zomwe zimatha kupirira anyani olimba komanso anzeru. Amagwidwa ndi akambuku anjala, afisi, mimbulu, mikango, yomwe anyani amakumana nawo mopanda mantha. Atafola pamzera ndikutulutsa mano, anyaniwa akuwonetsa kupsa mtima komanso kutha kukana mdaniyo.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anyani
Ma Baboons amakhala ndi moyo woweta: amayenda limodzi, kudyetsa, kulera ana, kugona usiku ndikudzitchinjiriza kwa adani. Anyaniwa ali ndi ulamuliro wawo. Udindo wa munthu wolemekezeka umatsimikiziridwa ndi manja ofunikira. Banja lililonse la anyani lili ndi gawo lalikulu mpaka makilomita 13-15, koma malire a malowa sapezeka bwino.
Ng'ombe zingapo zogwirizana zimatha kusonkhana pamalo amodzi, ndipo zochitika zotere zimachitika pafupipafupi. Nyani wachikaso amayenda m'magulu olinganizidwa. Patsogolo ndi pamapeto pa gululo pali amuna ochokera kumunsi wotsika kwambiri, olondera gulu. Mukuya, akazi amayenda ndi ana akuluakulu komanso aang'ono kwambiri. Amuna akuyenda pafupi.
Mdani akawonekera, ndiye kuti gulu la nkhondolo limadzitchinjiriza lomwe limawopsa ngakhale anyaniwa. Pakakhala ndewu, amuna amaletsa kuukirako, ena onse amabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana kuti mdani asowe yemwe angamuthamangire. Masekondi osankha ndi omwe amapulumutsa anyani ambiri. Achibale amasiya anthu ovulalawo, aphedwa.
Sakhala ndi moyo okha. Za anyani akunena kuti amapulumutsidwa mwa mgwirizano. Kwa nthawi yayitali anyani akulumikizana ndi antelopes kapena ungulates ena kuti ateteze chitetezo.
Antelopes ali ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima. Akayamba kuthawa, ndi mbendera kuti achenjere. Ngati anyani amalira modetsa nkhawa, ndiye kuti antisope akukonzekera kuoneka nyama zolusa. Nyama zimasangalala ndi ntchito yabwino ya ziwalo za anthu okonda chilengedwe.
Nyani wothamanga
Mphamvu yakumva kununkhira kwa mphalapala ndi maso abwino a anyani zimathandizirana. Gulu la anyani limatha kubwezera zoyesayesa za kuyandikira nyalugwe, mdani wamkulu wa mphalapala. Masana abulu ali otanganidwa ndi ntchito yofunikira yochotserana ubweya kuchokera ku tiziromboti. Pochita izi, udindo wamunthu ukuwonetsedwa.
Ngati mtsogoleri akuwonetsa kuti ali wokonzeka kupuma, ndiye kuti anyani angapo amapita kwa iye nthawi yomweyo kukatsuka ubweya wake. Malingaliro omwewo amawonetsedwa kwa akazi akulu ndi makanda. Ziwalo zina zija zimatsukizana wina ndi mnzake, mosinthana malo. Njira zaukhondo ndizofunikira kwambiri monga kupewa kumatenda ndi matenda.
Kutsuka ku tizilombo, dothi, kupesa ubweya ndi manja anu kumabweretsa chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo chosangalatsa kwa anyani, amatseka ngakhale maso awo ndi chisangalalo. Ubale pakati pa mamembala umamangidwa makamaka kutengera ngati nyani amaloledwa kukhulupiliridwa.
Nyama zimagona usiku pamitengo yayitali yamitengo, komwe zimamverera kuti zili otetezeka ku njoka zazikulu ndi nyama zomwe zimasaka mdima. Atafika mbandakucha pomwe anyaniwo amadzagwa. Ana amakhala pafupi ndi achikulire pamasewera, kuphunzira sayansi yopulumuka.
Zing'onozing'ono zimayenda ndi amayi awo, kumamatira ku ubweya wawo. Yaikazi yomwe ili ndi mphandayo mwachangu imalumpha m'mitengo ndikuthawa pakagwa ngozi. Pa mikangano, mabanja sangaukire amene wagwira mwana.
Chakudya cha anyani
Pazakudya zabwino, nyama ndizodzichepetsa ndipo zimazolowera mosavuta ma feed osiyanasiyana. Chinthu chachikulu mu zakudya ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Patsiku louma, nyama zimapulumutsidwa ndi mame m'mawa pazomera komanso paubweya wawo womwe, zomwe zimanyambita. Anyani amadya masamba, mizu, mbewu, zipatso, mababu obzala.
Zakudya zambiri zanyama ndi nkhono, nsomba, mbalame, tizilombo, abuluzi, mbewa ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono. Chimbudzi cha anyani chimafanana ndi cha anthu, chifukwa chake ndichinyama chachilendo kusangalala ndikubera chokoma kuchokera kwa alendo ochokera m'nyumba, mahema kapena m'manja mwawo.
Kuberekana kwa Baboon ndi nthawi yamoyo
Ubale wamwamuna ndi nyani wamkazi samachita zogonana nthawi zonse. Maanja amatha nthawi yocheza, kudalirana kukhulupirirana, kukhalira limodzi, koma osatenga nawo mbali. Nthawi zina chibwenzicho chimatha chifukwa chokwatirana chachikazi ndi amuna ena ndikupeza utsogoleri.
Akazi amawonetsa kukonzekereratu kwa thupi laukwati: pansi pakatupa kofiira pa mbulu ndi umboni wosatsutsika wa izi. Mwa akazi opanda pake, kuchuluka kwakutupa kumawonjezeka ndikufika mpaka 15% ya kulemera kwa thupi.
Ndizovuta kuti amuna azilakwitsa posankha awiri. Atsogoleri otsogola nthawi zonse amakhala ndi maubwino, omwe m'gulu lawo ali ndi ufulu 70-80% ya mating. Mabanja ena akhala zaka zambiri. Amuna achimuna amapita kumalo ena kukafunafuna zazikazi zodziwika bwino ndikutsimikizira utsogoleri.
Mwana wakhanda wakhanda amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda wowoneka bwino womwe umawala pakapita nthawi ndikukhala, ngati kholo, imvi. Nyani wamng'onoyu wazunguliridwa ndi chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro cha akulu. Si ana onse obadwa omwe amakhala ndi moyo. Zazikazi zakufa zimanyamula kwa masiku angapo m'manja, osafuna kusiya.
Anyani ambiri amakhala m'malo osungira ana ndi malo osungira nyama komwe amaberekako bwinobwino. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wachikasu, kapena nyani, ndi zaka 40. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuwonjezeka ndi zaka 5-7. Mutha kuona nyamayi m'malo osungira nyama zambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa anyani ndi osadzichepetsa komanso ochezeka.
