Kangaude wachikasu - cholengedwa chopanda vuto chomwe chimakonda kukhala kuthengo, makamaka kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwina sanaziwone konse, makamaka chifukwa ndizosazindikira kuti kangaudeyu ndiwodabwitsa - ndiwosuntha, ndipo kutero amatha kusintha utoto, kutsanzira chilengedwe, motero nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kangaude wachikasu
Arachnids adatuluka zaka zopitilira 400 miliyoni zapitazo - kuchokera kuzinthu zadongosolo lomwe likukhalabe padziko lathuli, ndi chimodzi mwazakale kwambiri. Komabe, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kangaude kulibe, ndiye kuti, omwe akanakhala pa Dziko Lapansi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo ndikupulumuka mpaka lero.
Amasintha mwachangu, ndipo mitundu ina imalowedwa m'malo ndi ina, imasinthidwa kusintha kosintha - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zamphamvu zawo. Ndipo munthawi zakale izi, anali ma arachnid omwe anali oyamba kutuluka pamtunda - ena onse anali atamutsatira kale.
Kanema: Kangaude Wakuda
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi ukonde, womwe akangaude agwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Zomwe adasinthira sizikudziwika bwino, kuphatikiza komwe kangaude wachikasu sanadziwikebe. Akangaude achikasu amagwiritsa ntchito ukonde wawo kokha, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ndi amitundu yakale - amakhulupirira kuti akangaudewa adayamba posachedwa.
Mitunduyi imadziwikanso kuti kangaude wamaluwa, amatchedwa akangaude oyenda m'mbali. Malongosoledwe ake asayansi adapangidwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Sweden Karl Clerk mu 1757, nthawi yomweyo adatchedwa m'Chilatini - Misumena vatia.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Dzinalo la sayansi la mitunduyo ndiyonyansa kangaude wachikaso - dzinalo limachokera ku Greek misoumenus, ndiye kuti, "kudedwa", ndi dzina lenileni kuchokera ku Latin vatius - "wamiyendo-uta."
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wachikasu ku Russia
Kangaudeyu ali ndi mimba yayikulu - imawonekera momveka bwino, titha kunena kuti gawo lalikulu limakhala ndi mimba imodzi, popeza kuti cephalothorax yake ndi yayifupi komanso yosalala, imakhala yocheperapo kangapo pamimba kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ya kangaude wachikaso ndi yayitali, nayo imagwira nyama, pomwe kumbuyo kwake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira. Miyendo yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokokerera ndipo ndiyofooka kuposa awiri awiriwo. Maso adakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri.
Kudera kwazakugonana ndichikhalidwe cha kangaude wachikaso - kukula kwake kwa amuna ndi akazi kumasiyana kwambiri kotero kuti wina angaganize kuti ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Wamphongo wamkulu ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake sikupitilira 3-4 mm, pomwe mkazi amatha kukhala wamkulu katatu - kuyambira 9 mpaka 11 mm.
Amasiyana mitundu - inde, kangaude wachikasu samakhala wachikasu nthawi zonse! Cephalothorax wamwamuna ndi wamdima, ndipo mimba ndiyotumbululuka, mtundu wake nthawi zambiri umasinthira kuyera mpaka kukhala wachikasu, ndipo pamakhala mikwingwirima iwiri yamdima. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mtundu wa miyendo ndiyenso wosiyana: awiriawiri akumbuyo ndi ofanana ndi mimba, ndipo kutsogolo kuli mikwingwirima yakuda.
Mwa akazi, cephalothorax ndi yofiira-wachikasu, ndipo mimba imakhala yowala kuposa amuna, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera kapena yachikaso. Koma pakhoza kukhala mitundu ina - yobiriwira kapena pinki. Zimatengera komwe kangaude amakhala - utoto wake umatsanzira chilengedwe kuti usawoneke pang'ono. Ngati mimba ya mkazi ndi yoyera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawanga ofiira kapena mikwingwirima pambali pake.
Mukayang'ana akangaudewa padzuwa, mutha kuwona kuti ndiwopitilira - kumawala kudzera mwa iwo. Malo okhawo pamutu pomwe pali maso ndiosawoneka bwino. Izi, komanso kuthekera kokhala ndi utoto mogwirizana ndi malo awo, zimawathandizanso kuti asadziwike.
Kodi kangaude wachikaso amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude yaying'ono yachikaso
Mutha kukumana ndi akangaude awa ku Northern Hemisphere ya dziko lathu lapansi, koma kudera lalikulu kwambiri: amakhala ku North America, Europe, North ndi Central Eurasia - sakhala m'malo otentha okha. Kumpoto, amagawidwa mpaka kumalire a gawo lotentha.
Ku Europe, amakhala kulikonse, kuphatikiza pazilumba, kupatula ku Iceland - mwina akalulu awa sanabweretseko. Kapena zitsanzo zomwe zidatumizidwa sizinabereke: kukuzizira ku Iceland ndipo, ngakhale kangaude wachikasu amakhala bwino kumadera ena omwe ali ndi nyengo yofananira, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti izike mizu nyengo yotere.
Nthawi zambiri, kangaude wachikasu amatha kupezeka ku Asia - nyengo imakonda kwambiri pakati pa nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, motero, akangaude ambiri amakhala m'maiko aku Asia ndi zigawo zomwe zimakhalako - kotero, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Ciscaucasia.
Mwina akalulu achikasu sanapezeke ku North America kale ndipo amabweretsedwapo ndi atsamunda. Komabe, nyengo yaku Africa pano ikuwayenerera bwino, awonjezeka kwambiri mzaka zochepa chabe, kotero kuti tsopano atha kupezeka kudera lalikulu kuchokera ku Alaska kupita kumadera akumpoto kwa Mexico.
Amakonda kukhala pamalo otseguka, otentha, ndi zomera zambiri - makamaka m'minda ndi m'mapiri; amapezekanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona akangaude achikasu m'mapaki amzindawu kapena m'munda mwanu. Sakonda malo amdima kapena achinyezi - chifukwa chake, sapezeka m'nkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Kodi kangaude wachikasu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wachikasu woopsa
Zakudya za kangaude wachikaso sizimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Ndi:
- njuchi;
- agulugufe;
- kafadala;
- ntchentche;
- mavu.
Onsewa ndi ochotsa mungu. Izi ndichifukwa cha njira yosakira yabwino kwambiri kangaude wachikaso: imadikirira nyamayo pomwepo maluwa, kubisala ndikuphatikizika kumbuyo. Nthawi zambiri amasankha goldenrod ndi yarrow, koma ngati kulibe, amatha kusankha ena.
Amayembekezera kuti agwidwa amakhala ambiri, osasunthika, kuti asawachite mantha. Ngakhale atakhala pamaluwa, kangaude wachikasu amapitilizabe kudikirira mpaka atadzilowetsamo ndikuyamba kuyamwa timadzi tokoma, ndipo pokhapokha izi zitatenga chidwi cha wovulalayo ndiye kuti chimayamba.
Mwakutero: imagwira ndimiyendo yamphamvu yakutsogolo kuti isachoke kapena kuchita china chake, ndikuluma - chiphe chake ndi champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo chimafafaniza ngakhale tizilombo tambiri pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ndipo posakhalitsa timafa. Njira yosakira iyi imalola kangaude kupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono tokha: zida zake zazikulu ziwiri ndizodabwitsa komanso poizoni.
Ngati kusaka sikukuyenda bwino, mavu omwewo amatha kuthana ndi kangaude wachikaso, chifukwa ndiwachangu kwambiri, komanso amatha kuwuluka: patsogolo pake, pamimba pake sipadzakhala chitetezo chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, kangaude wachikaso amayenera kuukira motsimikiza ndikuwerengera bwino nthawiyo - apo ayi sikhala moyo wautali.
Wodwalayo akamwalira, amamubaya timadziti tomwe timagaya m'mimba mwake, ndikusandutsa minofu yake kukhala gruel yofewa, yosavuta kugaya, ndikudya gruel iyi. Popeza kuti wovulalayo akhoza kukhala wamkulu kuposa kangaude, nthawi zambiri amadya gawo limodzi panthawi imodzi, ndikusungira zotsalazo mtsogolo. Amanyeketsa chilichonse kupatula chigoba chachitini.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude woopsa wachikasu
Kangaude wachikaso amakhala nthawi yayitali atakhala chete mwakachetechete, kapena kupumula posaka - ndiye kuti, amasuntha pang'ono. Akasaka, sagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndipo saluka konse. Moyo wake umayenda mwakachetechete komanso modekha, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zazikulu.
Ngakhale zilombo zolusa sizimamusokoneza, chifukwa mtundu womwewo umawonetsa kuti kangaude wachikaso ndiwowopsa - sikuti ndi mtundu wake, ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, koma mwamphamvu. Zomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku ndizosavuta: dzuwa likatuluka, amapita kukasaka. Amadikirira moleza mtima kwa maola, chifukwa ngakhale wovutitsidwayo ndiokwanira, ndipo makamaka masiku angapo.
Ikadzaza, imangopuma, kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa - akangaude ake achikaso amawakonda. Kawirikawiri, sawopa chilichonse, akukwawa mpaka pamwamba penipeni pa chomeracho. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa akazi - amuna amawopa kwambiri. Dzuwa likamalowa, kangaude amapitanso kukagona - chifukwa ichi amagwa ndikugona pakati pa masamba am'maluwa.
Mchitidwewu umasokonezedwa kawiri pachaka: panthawi yokwatirana, pomwe amuna omwe amafunafuna awiriwa amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, ngakhale ndi miyezo yawo yokha, kukwawa kuchokera maluwa mpaka maluwa, komanso nyengo yozizira ikayamba, akalulu achikasu amabisala.
Chosangalatsa: M'njira zambiri, kangaudeyu ndiwosangalatsa chifukwa chakutha kwake kusintha mtundu, kusintha kumbuyo. Koma sikuti imathamanga kwambiri ngati bilimankhwe - kangaude wachikaso amafunikira masabata 2-3 kuti asinthe mtundu wake, ndipo amatha kubwerera kumtunda wake wachangu mwachangu, m'masiku 5-7.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamkulu wachikasu
Akangaude amakhala okhaokha m'modzi, amayesa kukhazikika patali wina ndi mnzake. Ngati ali pafupi, nthawi zambiri sagwirizana, ndipo nthawi zina pamabuka mkangano pakati pawo - ngati kangaude wina ali wokulirapo (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mkazi ndi wamwamuna akakumana), ndiye amangoyesera kugwira ndikudya zazing'onozo.
Nyengo yokhwima imagwa mchaka - akangaude achikaso amayamba kugwira ntchito dzuwa likayamba kutentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti, mu Marichi-Epulo m'malo otentha, koyambirira kwa Meyi kudera lotentha. Kenako amuna amayamba kufunafuna zazikazi.
Amachita izi mosamala kwambiri - chachikazi ndi chokulirapo ndipo amatha kungodya champhongo asanakwere. Chifukwa chake, akawona chizindikiro china chankhanza, amathawa nthawi yomweyo. Koma ngati mkaziyo amuloleza kuti alowemo, ndiye kuti ali wokonzeka kukwatira - pamenepa, wamwamuna amalowetsa zipsera potseguka kwake kumaliseche.
Atamaliza kukwatira, ayeneranso kuthawa mwachangu, popeza amaopsezanso kuti adyedwa - adakwaniritsa ntchito yake ndikusandulika ngati nyama yazimayi. Amaphimba chikho kuti aikire mazira ndikumata masamba kapena maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo - iyi ndi njira yokhayo akalulu achikasu amagwiritsa ntchito.
Ziphuphu zimayikidwa mu Juni-Julayi, pambuyo pake milungu inayi 3-4 imadutsa akangaude asanawonekere. Nthawi yonseyi, kangaude amakhala pafupi ndipo amateteza mazirawo kuti asalowemo. Akangaude ang'onoang'ono molt kwa nthawi yoyamba akakhala m'mazira, ndipo atatuluka amayamba kusungunuka kamodzi kapena kawiri.
Kukayamba kuzizira kwambiri, zimabowola mu zinyalala zamasamba ndikubisalira mpaka masika otsatira. Koma ngakhale atatero adadzuka ngati akangaude akuluakulu - kangaude wachikasu amafikira msinkhu wokhwima patangotha nyengo yachisanu yachiwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude achikasu
Chithunzi: Kangaude wachikasu woopsa
Osati nyama zambiri zomwe zimawasaka, makamaka omwe amakonda kudya akangaude, omwe ali ndi dongosolo logaya chakudya poizoni wawo, ndi awo.
Mwa iwo:
- njoka;
- nalimata;
- ziphuphu;
- zokonda;
- akangaude ena.
Pali kugwira kangaude wachikaso modzidzimutsa, ndipo ndikosavuta kutero ikapuma, sikokayikitsa kuti ingadziteteze ku chilombo chokulirapo komanso champhamvu. Koma mukufunikirabe kuchipeza, chifukwa chifukwa cha mitundu yake, komanso kusintha kwa thupi, pafupifupi sikuwoneka pa chomeracho.
Nthawi zambiri, akalulu achichepere amafa, osadziŵa zambiri komanso osamala, komanso osakhala owopsa - ndiponsotu, onse omwe akufuna kudya kangaude wachikasu ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse za kuluma kwake koopsa, komwe kumatha kusandutsa mlenje kukhala wozunzidwa. Mbali inayi, iye sali wofulumira komanso wamphamvu, chifukwa chake amatha kukhala nyama yosavuta.
Akangaude achikasu amamwaliranso ngati atapambana, chifukwa njuchi kapena mavu amatha kumupha, monga ena ambiri omwe amazunzidwa - akalulu achikasu amakonda kusaka nyama zazikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zawo.
Vutoli limawawopseza kuchokera ku akangaude ena, kuphatikiza achibale - kudya anzawo pakati pawo ndichofala. Akangaude akuluakulu nawonso amawopseza. Pomaliza, atha kufa ndi poyizoni ngati malowo akulimidwa motsutsana ndi tiziromboti - koma ambiri amakhala osagwirizana ndi ziphe ndipo atha kukhalabe pakati pa opulumuka ochepa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wachikasu
Ngakhale anthu samakumana nawo pafupipafupi, izi zimayenera kukhala chifukwa cha kubera kwawo. Kupatula apo, mitunduyi ndi yofala, anthu sangathe kuwerengedwa - mkati mwake, akangaude achikasu amapezeka pafupifupi kumunda uliwonse ndi dambo, nthawi zambiri mazana ndi masauzande.
Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu, kuchuluka kwa maderawa kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zamoyo zina zomwe zikukhalamo zikufa chifukwa cha chilengedwe, koma akangaude achikasu siomwe ali pakati pa mitundu yomwe ikuwopsezedwa ndi izi. Monga akangaude ena ambiri, amasintha ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake, ali m'gulu la mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, satetezedwa, ndipo sangakhalepo konse - ndiochulukirapo komanso okhazikika. Ndizotheka kuti pakapita nthawi azitha kuzolowera nyengo yotentha ndikulitsa malo awo potengera madera otentha, komanso kuti posachedwa adzayamba mizu m'makontinenti ena.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kulibe kangaude wachikaso kumakhala kosangalatsa, koma sikowopsa kwa anthu, kupatula kuti kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zodziwika bwino za poyizoni wofatsa - matupi awo sagwirizana, kufooka, nseru. Pambuyo maola 3-4, zonse ziyenera kutha, ndipo antihistamine ikuthandizani kusiya kukumana ndi izi.
Kangaude wachikasu sizimavulaza munthu - imaluma pokhapokha ikaukiridwa ndipo, ngakhale ili ndi poyizoni, osakwanira kuwononga thanzi la munthu. Amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala m'malo amtchire. Pogwiritsa ntchito kubisalira, amadikirira maluwa a anthu omwe awakhudzirawo, omwe atha kukhala akulu kuposa iwowo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 22:07
