Nkhosa ndizinyama zowala zomwe zili m'banja la bovid. Mbuzi ndi oimira ena ambiri a artiodactyl aphatikizidwenso. Makolo amakolo amtundu wakutchire ndi ma mouflon aku Asia, omwe anaphunzitsidwa ndi anthu zaka zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo.
Pakufukula zakale m'madera a Asia amakono, zotsalira za zinthu zapanyumba ndi zovala zopangidwa ndi ubweya waubweya wabwino, wazaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi BC, zidapezeka. Zithunzi za nkhosa zoweta zilipo pamiyambo yosiyanasiyana yazikhalidwe zakale, zomwe zimatsimikizira kutchuka kwa nkhosa zaubweya, zomwe sizikutha lero.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala nkhosa za merino
Merino - Nkhosa, yomwe mpaka zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo idapangidwa makamaka ndi Aspanya. Adabadwa pafupifupi zaka chikwi zapitazo kuchokera ku mitundu ya ubweya waubweya wabwino, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo nzika za Iberia Zasilira zidateteza mwadongosolo zisankho zawo pantchito yoswana nkhosa.
Kuyesera konse kutulutsa nyama zamtunduwu kudaponderezedwa mwankhanza ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatha ndi chilango cha imfa kwa omwe adakonza zakubedwa. Zinali pokhapokha kugonjetsedwa kwa Ufumu waku Spain pankhondo yolimbana ndi England pomwe merino idachotsedwa mdzikolo ndikufalikira ku Europe konse, ndikupangitsa mitundu ina yambiri, monga chisankho, Infantado, Negretti, Mazayev, New Caucasian ndi Rambouillet.
Ngati mitundu itatu yoyamba sinali yofala chifukwa chakuti nyama zimaswedwa kwambiri, chitetezo chofooka chimapereka ubweya wochepa (kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 kg pachaka), ndiye kuti nkhosa za Mazayev zimabweretsa kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 15 kg za ubweya wabwino chaka chilichonse.
Soviet merino Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuwoloka nyama za mtundu wa New Caucasus, wopangidwa ndi wasayansi wotchuka wa zanyama PN Kuleshov, ndi French rambouille. Masiku ano, nkhosa zopangidwa ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri ndiimodzi mwazotchuka kwambiri pakuswana kwa nkhosa ndi ubweya wa Volga, Urals, Siberia ndi zigawo zapakati pa Russia.
Kulemera kwa nkhosa zamphongo zazikulu kumatha kufika makilogalamu 120, kulemera kwa mfumukazi kumakhala pakati pa 49 mpaka 60 kg. Mutha kuyang'ana pa chithunzi cha merino kuti mumve bwino za mphukira zingapo za mtunduwo.Ubweya wa Merino Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto woyera, kutalika kwake kumakhala mkati mwa 7-8.5 cm mwa mfumukazi mpaka 9 masentimita a nkhosa zamphongo.
CHIKWANGWANI chomwecho ndi chopyapyala modabwitsa (kasanu kupetera kasanu kuposa tsitsi la munthu), komanso, chimatha kusunga kutentha komanso kuteteza khungu la nyama ku chinyezi, chisanu ndi mphepo yamphamvu.
Chosangalatsa cha ubweya wa merino ndichakuti sichimatengera fungo la thukuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zovala zopangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwezi zimafunikira kwambiri m'maiko onse padziko lapansi.
Masiku ano, merino imafala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndiwodzichepetsa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amatha kuchita ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo kupirira kwa nyama kumakhala kokwanira kupitilira kwakanthawi kuchokera kudera lina kupita kwina.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a nsagwada ndi mano, nkhosazo zimakuta zimayambira pansi pa muzu womwe. Chifukwa chake, amatha kudyetsa kwanthawi yayitali m'malo omwe aphedwa ndi akavalo ndi ng'ombe.
Komabe, pali madera omwe merino siofala: awa ndi madera otentha okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, omwe nkhosa sizimalekerera bwino. Merino waku Australia - mtundu wa nkhosa womwe udawombedwa mwachindunji ku kontrakitala waku Australia kuchokera ku rambouille yaku France yopepuka bwino ndi American Vermont.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu ingapo ya mitundu, yomwe imasiyana pakati ndi kunja ndi mtundu waubweya: "Zabwino", "Medium" ndi "Wamphamvu". Ubweya wa nyama zomwe zimadya m'mapiri oyera ndi zigwa za Australia uli ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chotchedwa lanolin.
Ili ndi zida zotsutsana ndi zotupa komanso kuthana ndi mabakiteriya owopsa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Thonje la Merino zabwino pakupanga zinthu zokongola komanso zotseguka, komanso malaya otentha otentha.
Popeza kuti mtengo wake lero ndi wokwera kwambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosakaniza ndi silika wachilengedwe kapena cashmere. Zipangizo zoterezi zimadziwika ndi kulimba kwambiri, kufewa komanso kutambasuka.
Zovala zamkati za Merino zotentha Ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimangodzitchinjiriza ku kuzizira komanso chinyezi chambiri (ulusi wochokera ku merino ubweya ndiosakanikirana kwambiri), komanso umathandizanso ndi matenda monga osteochondrosis, rheumatism, matenda osiyanasiyana a mafupa ndi bronchopulmonary.
Kutengera ndemanga za merino (makamaka makamaka za ubweya wa nyama izi), zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo zimatha kuchepetsa zizindikilo za bronchitis, chifuwa ndi zovuta zofananira tsiku lachiwiri lobvala zovala zopangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe. Bulangete la Merino sizimayambitsa zovuta, zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino komanso zimatenga fungo losasangalatsa.
Chinyezi chowonjezera sichimasungidwa mu ulusi wazomwe zimapangidwazo, chifukwa chake chimangotuluka nthawi yomweyo. Makapeti a Merino Ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma kulimba kwawo komanso mawonekedwe ake opangika amapanga mitengo yamtengo wapatali yazotere.
Anthu ambiri amadzifunsa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndi zabwino - kuchokera ku ubweya wa merino kapena alpaca? Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti omaliza alibe lilonin yapadera, koma amawoneka kuti ndioyenera kwambiri kwa akhanda ndi makanda.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhosa zamamerino
Kwa iwo omwe asankha kugula merino, ndikofunikira kudziwa zamakhalidwe azinyama izi. Mosiyana ndi oimira ena oweta zoweta, nkhosa ndi zamakani, zopusa komanso zamanyazi.
Chidziwitso cha ziweto zawo chimapangidwa pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pagulu lalikulu la merino amamva bwino kuposa okha. Ngati nkhosa imodzi italikirana ndi gulu lonselo, zimamupangitsa kukhala wopanikizika kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake zonse chifukwa chakusowa njala, ulesi ndi zina.
Merino nkhosa Amakonda kudzikundika pa milu ikuluikulu ndikuyenda motsatana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakudya msipu ngakhale kwa abusa odziwa zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ndizochita manyazi kwambiri: zimawopa kulira kwamphamvu, malo otsekedwa ndi mdima, ndipo zikafika pangozi pang'ono, zimatha kuthawa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi gulu la masauzande ambiri, abusa amachita zachinyengo: kuwongolera nyama yomwe ili ndi udindo wofunikira m'gululi, amakakamiza nkhosa zina zonse kuyenda m'njira yomwe ikufunika.
Chakudya
M'miyezi yotentha, zakudya za merino zimayenera kukhala ndi udzu watsopano, masamba ndi masamba ena. Muthanso kuwonjezera udzu, mchere wamiyala, maapulo ndi kaloti pazosankha. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kudyetsa merino ndi oats, balere, ufa wa mtola, chinangwa, chakudya chamagulu ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera ma vitamini ndi mchere osiyanasiyana.
Kubereketsa ndi moyo wa nkhosa ya merino
Amayi achikazi amakhala okonzeka kuswana azaka chimodzi. Mimba imakhala mpaka milungu 22, pambuyo pake ana awiri kapena atatu amabadwa, omwe pambuyo pa mphindi 15 amayamba kuyamwa mkaka, ndipo pambuyo pa theka la ola ayime okha.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ziweto, masiku ano obereketsa amatengera umuna wosakwanira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa merino m'malo oyera azachilengedwe aku Australia kumatha kufikira zaka 14. Akasungidwa pafamu, nthawi yayitali ya nkhosazi imakhala zaka 6 mpaka 7.
