Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala chisindikizo
Chisindikizo chanyama wopezeka m'nyanja zomwe zimadutsa m'nyanja ya Arctic, umangokhala pafupi ndi gombe, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi.
Ndiko kuyitanitsa oimira magulu azisindikizo zenizeni. M'malo onse awiriwa, miyendo ya nyama imathera m'mapiko ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zazikulu. Kukula kwa nyama yoyamwitsa kumadalira mtundu wake wamtundu ndi subspecies. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana 1 mpaka 6 m, kulemera - kuchokera ku 100 kg mpaka 3.5 ton.
Thupi la oblong limafanana ndi cholumikizira choluka, mutu ndi wocheperako kutsogolo, khosi lakuthwa losasunthika, nyama ili ndi mano 26-36.
Auricles kulibe - m'malo mwawo, mavavu amapezeka pamutu omwe amateteza makutu kumadzi amalowa, mavavu omwewo amapezeka m'mphuno mwa zinyama. Pamphuno m'mphuno muli ndevu zazitali zazitali - zogwirika.
Mukamayenda kumtunda, zipsepse zakumbuyo zimakokedwa kumbuyo, ndizosakhazikika ndipo sizingakhale zothandizira. Mafuta ochepa a nyama yayikulu amatha kukhala 25% ya thupi lathunthu.
Kutengera mitundu, kuchuluka kwa tsitsi limasiyana, chifukwa chake, m'madzi njovu - zisindikizo, omwe alibe, pomwe mitundu ina imadzitama ndi ubweya wambiri.
Mtundu umasiyananso - kuyambira bulauni mpaka bulauni mpaka chisindikizo chaimvi, kuyambira chigwa mpaka mitsetse ndi chisindikizo cha mawanga... Chosangalatsa ndichakuti zisindikizo zimatha kulira, ngakhale zilibe zilonda zopweteka. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mchira wawung'ono, womwe sugwira nawo mbali poyenda pamtunda komanso m'madzi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa chisindikizo
Sindikiza kuyatsa chithunzi imawoneka ngati nyama yosakhazikika komanso yochedwa kuyenda, komabe, chidwi choterocho chimatha kukula pokhapokha ngati ili pamtunda, pomwe kuyenda kumayendetsa matupi oseketsa mbali ndi mbali.
Chisindikizo chodetsedwa
Ngati ndi kotheka, nyamayo imatha kuthamanga mpaka 25 km / h m'madzi. Potengera kusambira pansi pamadzi, oimira mitundu ina nawonso ndi akatswiri - kuzama kwakumtunda kumatha kukhala mpaka 600 m.
Kuphatikiza apo, chisindikizo chimatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi pafupifupi 10 popanda mpweya wochuluka, chifukwa chakuti pali chikwama chamlengalenga mbali pansi pa khungu, chomwe chinyama chimasunga mpweya.
Kusambira pofunafuna chakudya pansi pa ayezi wamkulu, zisindikizo zokhala ndi luso zimapeza ana mwa iwo kuti abwezeretse ndalamayi. Zikatere chisindikizo chimapanga mawu, yofanana ndikudina, komwe kumawoneka ngati mtundu wa echolocation.
Mverani mawu a zisindikizo
Pansi pamadzi, chidindocho chimatha kumvekanso. Mwachitsanzo, chisindikizo cha njovu chimakweza thumba lake la mphuno kuti chitulutse mawu ofanana ndi kubangula kwa njovu yapamtunda wamba. Izi zimamuthandiza kuthamangitsa otsutsana nawo komanso adani.
Oimira mitundu yonse yamatumba amakhala moyo wawo wonse panyanja. Amasankhidwa pamtunda pokhapokha molting ndi kubereka.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nyama ngakhale zimagona m'madzi, komanso, zimatha kuzichita m'njira ziwiri: kutembenukira kumbuyo kwake, chisindikizo chimakhala pamwamba pamtunda chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa mapiko, kapena, kugona, nyama imamira pansi pamadzi (ma mita angapo), pambuyo pake imatuluka, imapuma mobwerezabwereza ndikubwereranso, kubwereza mayendedwe onsewa nthawi yonse yogona.
Ngakhale amayenda pamlingo winawake, pazochitika zonsezi nyamayo ili mtulo tofa nato. Ana obadwa kumene amatha masabata awiri okha oyamba ali pamtunda, ndiye, osadziwa kwenikweni kusambira, amatsikira m'madzi kuti ayambe moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Chisindikizo chimatha kugona m'madzi, ndikugubudukira kumbuyo kwake
Wamkulu amakhala ndi mawanga atatu mbali, mbali ya mafuta yomwe ili yocheperapo poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse. Mothandizidwa ndi malowa, chisindikizo chimapulumutsidwa kuti chisatenthedwe, ndikupatsa kutentha kwakukulu kudzera mwa iwo.
Achinyamata alibe luso limeneli. Amapereka kutentha kwa thupi lonse, chifukwa chake, chidindo chaching'ono chikamagona pa ayezi kwa nthawi yayitali osasuntha, chimadontho chachikulu chimakhala pansi pake.
Nthawi zina izi zimatha kupha, chifukwa madzi oundana akasungunuka kwambiri pansi pachisindikizo, ndiye kuti sangachoke pamenepo. Zikatere, ngakhale amayi a mwanayo sangathe kumuthandiza.Zisindikizo za Baikal amakhala m'madzi otsekedwa, omwe si mtundu wina uliwonse.
Kusindikiza kudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha banja lachisindikizo ndi nsomba. Chilombocho sichikhala ndi zokonda zake - ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba zomwe zimakumana nazo pakusaka, adzagwira.
Zachidziwikire, kuti pakhale kulemera kwakukulu koteroko, chinyama chimafunika kusaka nsomba zazikulu, makamaka ngati zimapezeka zambiri. Nthawi yomwe masukulu a nsomba samayandikira m'mbali mwa gombe kukula kwake ndi chisindikizo, nyama imatha kutsata nyama, kukwera mitsinje.
Kotero, wachibale wa chisindikizo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, imadyetsa nsomba zomwe zimatsikira kunyanja m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kenako zimasintha kupita ku capelin, yomwe imasambira kupita kunyanja kuti ikasambe. Herring ndi salmon ndi omwe amazunzidwa chaka chilichonse.
Ndiye kuti, nthawi yotentha, chinyama chimadya nsomba zambiri, zomwe zimayesetsa kugombe pazifukwa zina, zinthu zimakhala zovuta nthawi yozizira.
Zisindikizo zachibale zimayenera kuchoka pagombe, kukhala pafupi ndi kuyandama kwa madzi oundana ndikudya ma pollock, molluscs ndi octopus. Zachidziwikire, ngati nsomba zina zilizonse zikuwonekera m'njira yosindikiza nthawi yosaka, sizingasambire.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa chisindikizo
Mosasamala mtunduwo, zisindikizo zimatulutsa ana kamodzi pachaka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zinyama zimasonkhana m'malo otsekera kwambiri pamalo ozizira (kumtunda kapena, nthawi zambiri, ayezi wamkulu woyenda).
Malo aliwonse oterewa amatha kuwerengera anthu masauzande angapo. Mabanja ambiri amakhala okwatirana okhaokha, komabe, chisindikizo cha njovu (chimodzi mwazisindikizo zazikulu kwambiri) ndi ubale wamitala.
Kukwatiwa kumachitika mu Januware, pambuyo pake mayiyo amabereka miyezi 9-11 zisindikizo za ana... Mwana akangobadwa amatha kulemera makilogalamu 20 kapena 30 ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi.
Anapanga chisindikizo cub
Choyamba, mayi amadyetsa mwana wake mkaka, mzimayi aliyense amakhala ndi peyala imodzi kapena ziwiri zamabele. Chifukwa cha kuyamwitsa, zisindikizo zimalemera mofulumira kwambiri - tsiku lililonse amatha kulemera mpaka 4 kg. Ubweya wa makanda ndi wofewa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera, komabe chisindikizo choyera amapeza utoto wake wosatha m'masabata 2-3.
Nthawi yodyetsa mkaka ikangodutsa, ndiye kuti, patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa (kutengera mtundu, kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka 30), makandawo amapita m'madzi ndikusamalira chakudya chawo. Komabe, poyambirira amangophunzira kusaka, chifukwa chake amakhala mmanja ndi pakamwa, amangosunga mafuta omwe amapezeka mkaka wa amayi.
Amayi oyamwitsa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amachita mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, zisindikizo zamakutu nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi rookery, komanso akazi zisindikizo za zezeMofanana ndi zamoyo zina zambiri, zimachoka kumtunda kukafika kumtunda kukafunafuna nsomba zambiri.
Mkazi wachichepere amakhala wokonzeka kupitiliza mtunduwo ali ndi zaka zitatu, amuna amafika pofika zaka 6 zokha. Kutalika kwa moyo wathanzi kumadalira mitundu ndi kugonana. Pafupifupi, akazi amatha kufika zaka 35, amuna - 25.
