Mawonekedwe a deer pudu
Zing'onozing'ono komanso zokongola modabwitsa alireza amadziwika kuti membala wocheperako wamabanja agwape. Nyama zazikulu zimakula mpaka kukula kwa nkhandwe: ndi 36-46 cm yokha yomwe imafota ndi 6-13 kg. Ana ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene amalemera osakwana kilogalamu imodzi ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri mwakuti amatha kulowa pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu.
M'dera la South America, komwe poodu amapezeka kuthengo, pali mitundu iwiri ya nyama izi. Pudu waku kumpoto amakhala m'nkhalango zaku Colombia, Ecuador ndi Peru. Ndi iye, kwenikweni, agwape ang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa cholengedwa chokongola ichi ndi masentimita 35 kutalika, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 6, omwe amafanana ngakhale ndi nkhandwe, koma ndi nkhonya. Kukula pang'ono kuposa mnzake wakumpoto, pudu wakumwera amakhala ku Chile ndi Argentina.
Apa imapezeka pamapiri otsetsereka, pamtunda wa 2000 m pamwamba pamadzi, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zina zimawonekera m'malo otseguka, nthawi zambiri mbawala zimabisala kuthengo m'nkhalango yamvula yakomweko.
Pudu ali ndi thupi lolimba, thupi lokwanira ndi miyendo yayifupi. Maso ndi makutu awo ndi ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi, ndipo mchira ndiwosaoneka.
Kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, anyamata aamuna amayamba kukula nyanga, omwe amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 ali ndi zaka 7. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka ngati mawonekedwe ndipo, monga mwamwambo wa mbawala zina, amaponyedwa ndikukula chaka chilichonse.
Pudu ali ndi mtundu wofatsa woziteteza: malaya awo oderapo amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, obisala bwino kwa adani. Pankhaniyi, gawo lakumunsi kwa mutu, gawo lakunja la makutu ndi mimba ndipo ndi ofiira pang'ono. Misana ya nswala imakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera, omwe amasowa pang'onopang'ono ali ndi zaka 3-5 miyezi.
Moyo wa nswala
Deer poodu - nyama zosamala kwambiri komanso zobisa, zomwe moyo wawo ndi zizolowezi zawo sizinapezeke zambiri. Zambiri pazokhudza iwo komanso chithunzi deer poodu anthu amachokera kumalo osungira nyama kumene amasungidwa.
Kuthengo, kuwayang'ana ndi kovuta, chifukwa malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zitsamba zamatabwa. Nthawi zambiri zimayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, nthawi zambiri zimayima ndikununkhiza bwino fungo.
Mbalame ya Pygmy poodu achangu kwambiri m'mawa, madzulo ndi madzulo. Amakonda kukhala payekha kapena awiriawiri, amasonkhana opitilira awiri kokha nthawi yakunyamula. Chaka chonse, pudu iliyonse imatsatira gawo lake laling'ono.
Dera lake ndi maekala 40-60. Pudu alengeza zakupezeka kwake kwa abale ake, ndikusiya mulu wa zitosi pafupi ndi njira ndi malo opumira. Kuphatikiza apo, monga mbawala zina, ali ndi ma gland apadera, mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi cha fungo chomwe amalemba katundu wake. Izi zimapezeka pamutu, motero poodu amapaka pamphumi pake ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya tchire ndi mitengo, kufalitsa fungo lake.
Kanyumba kakang'ono kwambiri ka poodu - cholengedwa chopanda chitetezo. Amasakidwa ndi akadzidzi, nkhuku, nkhandwe ndi amphaka amtchire aku South America. Ndi kufalikira kwachitukuko cha anthu, agalu akukhala chiwopsezo chowonjezeka ku poodu.
Tsoka ilo, alimi am'deralo amalola alonda awo amiyendo inayi kuyenda momasuka m'nkhalango, momwe sangathe kukana chiyeso chodya nyama zosavuta. Pudu ikakhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha, imatulutsa mkokomo, womwe, womwe sungathe kuchititsa chidwi nyama.
Chifukwa chake, zikafika pangozi, nyama imayesetsa kuthawira munkhalango yowirira, ikuyenda mosunthika. Kukula pang'ono ndi miyendo yayifupi kumamulola kuti aziyenda mosavuta ndikulowera m'malo osafikirika m'nkhalango. Ngati ndi kotheka, poodu imatha kukwera pamtengo wopendekera, womwe ndi chisonyezero chosangalatsa cha kulimba mtima kwa nyama yolimba.
Chakudya
Pudu ndi nyama zodyetsa zomwe zimadya timitengo ndi khungwa, udzu wobiriwira ndi masamba atsopano, zipatso zakugwa ndi mbewu. Pazosankha zotere, amatha kukhala opanda madzi akumwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhala okhutira ndi chinyezi chomwe chimalowa mthupi ndi chakudya.
Tsoka ilo, kaimidwe kawo kakang'ono nthawi zambiri kamakhala chopinga chowalepheretsa kufikira nthambi za mitengo. Chifukwa chake, poodu amapangira zidule: amapeza chakudya, atayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, amapinda mphukira zazing'ono pansi ndi kulemera kwawo, ndipo nthawi zina amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati "choyimira" kuti akafike kumtunda kwa nkhalango.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Amayi a Pudu amatha kubereka ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngakhale amuna amafika pofika msinkhu wogonana nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda mnzawo mpaka zaka ziwiri, mpaka atakula ndikulimba kuti athe kupikisana nawo bwino pakati pa akazi.
M'dzinja, mbawala zimasaka wokwatirana naye, ndipo mwana wamwamuna yekhayo amabadwa mchaka, patatha masiku 202-223 ali ndi bere (nthawi ino imagwera Novembara-Januware ku Southern Hemisphere). Pa kubadwa, mwana akulemera magalamu mazana angapo.
M'masiku oyamba atabadwa, mphalapala yaying'ono imabisala m'malo obisika, ndipo mayi ake amamuyendera nthawi ndi nthawi kuti amudyetse. Pakatha milungu ingapo, mwanayo amakhala wamkulu mokwanira komanso waluso kutsatira kholo. Imafikira kukula kwa munthu wamkulu miyezi itatu, koma nthawi zina imatha kukhala ndi amayi ake chaka chathunthu.
Kumtchire, poodu amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 12, komanso kupitilira apo ku zoo. Pakadali pano, zolembedwazo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zaka 15 ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Koma, mwatsoka, chifukwa cha zolusa, nswala zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Magulu awiri a pudu amadziwika kuti ali pangozi mu Red Book. Malo awo achilengedwe akuchepa chifukwa chakuchulukana, ulimi, kudula nkhalango, kusaka ndi zochitika zina za anthu.
Komanso, chifukwa cha kukongola komwe kuli reindeer poodu, mtengo inadzakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Achidwi ndi mawonekedwe okhudza mtima komanso osowa a nyama iyi, anthu olemera amayesa Gula poodu ngati chiweto chokongoletsera, chomwe opha nyama mosavomerezeka amalandira ndalama popanda chikumbumtima.
Chifukwa chake, tsogolo la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuthengo silikudziwikabe. Ngakhale pali zochitika zodziwika bwino zakusakanizika kwa poodu m'malo osungira nyama, palibe kulankhulako zakumasula. Ndipo ngakhale zili choncho, mbawala za pudu sizomwe zimayenera kukhala ziweto.
