Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Banja la redstart limaphatikizapo mitundu 13 ya mbalame, zambiri zomwe zimakhala ku China, m'munsi mwa mapiri a Himalaya, ku Plain European, makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Siberia, kudera laling'ono la Asia.
Redstart ndi mbalame zomwe zimasankha malo okhala m'nkhalango kapena kudera lamapiri. Mwachitsanzo, redstart wamba, dzina lachiwiri lomwe dazi limayimira mtundu wa Europe. Ndipo nkhalango za ku Siberia mpaka kumpoto zimakhalamo adatchi wa ku Siberia.
Redstart, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa dimba kapena redstart-coot - birdie wochokera kubanja la flycatcher, odutsa. Amatchedwa imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mapaki athu, minda, m'mabwalo.
Kulemera kwa thupi kwa mbalame yaying'ono sikupitilira 20 g, kutalika kwa thupi lopanda mchira ndi 15 cm, mapiko ake amafikira masentimita 25 akatambasulidwa kwathunthu.Chosiyana ndi redstart ndi mchira wake wokongola, womwe, mopanda kukokomeza kuyerekezera, ukuwoneka ngati "ukuwotcha" padzuwa.
Pachithunzicho, redstart ndiyabwino
Zimakhala zovuta kuti musazindikire kukongola koteroko ngakhale patali, ndipo izi, ngakhale kukula kwa mbalame sikungafanane ndi mpheta. Kuuluka kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kunthambi, kofiyira kofiyira nthawi zambiri kumatsegula mchira wake, ndipo mkati mwa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa kumawoneka ngati kukutuluka ndi lawi lowala.
Monga mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, yamphongo imadziwika ndi mtundu wolimba kwambiri wa nthenga. Nthenga za mchira ndizofiira kwambiri ndikuwoneka zakuda.
Chachikazi chimajambulidwa mumayendedwe a azitona osakanikirana ndi imvi, ndipo gawo lakumunsi ndi mchira ndi zofiira. Zowona, si mitundu yonse ya redstart yomwe ili ndi timadontho takuda kumchira kwawo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa redstart yakuda ndi kwathu - Siberia.
Pachithunzicho pali redstart yakuda
Mwa njira, akatswiri azakuthambo amatcha mitundu yayikulu kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yofiira red-bellied redstart... Yaimuna, mwachizolowezi, imakhala yowala kuposa yaikazi.
Korona wake ndi m'mphepete mwake mwa mapiko ake ndi oyera, kumbuyo, mbali ya thupi, khosi ndi lakuda, ndipo mchira, sternum, pamimba ndi gawo la nthenga zomwe zili pamwamba pa mchira ndizopangidwa ndimayendedwe ofiira okhala ndi dzimbiri. Mumitundu yoyambirirayi, mutha kuwona bwino mitundu yonse ya nthenga.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ngakhale mbalame ya ku Siberia imakonda kuimira nkhalango za taiga, imapewa nkhalango zowirira zomwe sizingayende. Koposa zonse, mtundu uwu umapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapaki osiyidwa ndi minda, m'malo opukutidwa, pomwe pali ziphuphu zambiri. Monga mwachizolowezi, mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika m'maenje okumba pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala.
Pachithunzicho redstart yaku Siberia
Kuyimba redstart akuyenera mayankho ambiri abwino. Ma trill ake ndi nyimbo yachinsinsi chapakati, mwadzidzidzi, mosiyanasiyana, akuyimba. Phokoso limayamba ndi khil-khil - i "kenako limapita kukakhil-chir-chir-chir".
Mverani kuyimba kwa redstart
Ndizosangalatsa kuti poyimba kwa redstart, mutha kuimba nyimbo zamitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Mwachitsanzo, khutu lotsogola limatha kumva nyimbo zoyimba za nyenyezi yoyimba, phwiti, pomwe ena azindikira kuti nyimboyi ikugwirizana ndi kuyimba kwa titmouse, chaffinch, ndi pied flychercher.
Redstarts amakonda kuyimba nthawi zonse, ndipo ngakhale usiku taiga imadzazidwa ndi nyimbo zofewa za zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi. Zowonjezera pang'ono za nyimbo za redstart: owonera mbalame adazindikira kuti yamwamuna kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokwanira, ikatha konsati yayikulu, imasindikiza roulade yayifupi, yomwe ingatchedwe choyimba.
Chifukwa chake, choyimbira ichi ndimayendedwe apadera omwe amadzazidwa ndi mawu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame, ndipo wamkulu yemwe amayimba, nyimbo yake imamveka bwino komanso luso lapamwamba.
Redstart zakudya
Zakudya za redstart zimadalira komwe amakhala. Makamaka amadyetsa tizilombo. Samanyoza tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ndipo amatenga pansi, ndikuzichotsa munthambi, ndikuyang'ana pansi pa masamba omwe agwa.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, zakudya zoyambirirazo zimadzaza, ndipo amatha kudya zipatso zamtchire kapena zam'munda, monga rowan, viburnum, currant, elderberry, chokeberry wakuda ndi ena.
Chakudya chikatha, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachitika mkatikati mwa nthawi yophukira, oyambiranso amasonkhana nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha, makamaka m'maiko otentha a ku Africa. Mbalame zamitunduyi zimauluka usiku.
Redstarts amabwerera kumalo awo ngakhale masamba asanatsegulidwe. Mbalamezi zikafika kumene zimakwirako, nthawi yomweyo yamphongo imayamba kufunafuna malo okhala chisa. Monga tanena kale, mbalame zimakonza zisa m'mabowo amtundu wachilengedwe kapena chochita.
Phompho la nkhalango ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi zisa, koma chitsa, chomwe chili ndi mpata wobisika pafupi ndi nthaka, ndichabwino kwambiri. Mbalame siziwopa kukhazikika pafupi ndi munthu, chifukwa chake zisa zawo zimatha kupezeka m'matumba, kumbuyo kwa mafelemu azenera ndi malo ena obisika m'nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala.
Mkazi asanafike, wamwamuna amayang'anira bwino malo omwe wapeza ndikuchotsa alendo omwe sanayitanidwe kuchokera kwa iye.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mwambo wosangalatsa kwambiri umachitidwa ndi redstarts panthawi ya chibwenzi. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amakhala moyandikana pa nthambi, pomwe chibwenzi chokhala ndi nthenga chija chimakhala chachilendo kwa iye molunjika kwa wosankhidwayo, panthawiyi akutambasula mwamphamvu mapiko ake m'mwamba ndikupanga mawu osokosera ngati kukung'ambika.
Ngati mkaziyo amubwezera, amawuluka nthawi imodzi kuchokera panthambi ndikuuluka, pokhala banja. Koma ngati wamkazi, mwachitsanzo, sakhutira ndi malo osankhidwa a chisa, amachoka ku Romeo mwachikondi mosazengereza.
Kujambulidwa ndi chisa choyambiranso kubowola
Mkaziyo payekha amamanga chisa ndipo zimatenga sabata. Nthawi yonseyi, redstart amaphunzitsa wothandizirayo, kapena kani, malo odyetserako ziweto. Zinthuzo zimatha kukhala moss, ubweya ndi ubweya wa nyama zoweta ndi zakutchire, zidutswa za ulusi, zingwe, tow, zomwe zimakulungidwa kunyumba ndi nsanza zina zomwe zimapezeka pafupi.
Clutch of redstart imakhala ndimazira 6, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 7-8. Mazira obwezeretsansoyokutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha buluu. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha milungu iwiri.
M'masiku oyamba, mkazi amalola kuti achoke pachisa kuti akadziwonetsere, ndiyeno, kubwerera kumalo, amasungunula mazira mosamala kuti kutenthetsa kuchitidwe mofanana.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati mayi woyembekezera asowa kopitilira kotala la ola, ndiye kuti bambo wachikondi amatenga malo ndikulandirako mpaka wamkazi abwere.
Pachithunzicho pali mwana wankhuku wobwezeretsanso
Kukula kwachichepere kumawonekera kumapeto kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Redstart mwana wankhuku amabadwa wakhungu komanso wogontha, zomwe sizosiyana, chifukwa m'mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, anapiye amabadwa mwa mawonekedwe awa.
Onse makolo amadyetsa ana. Komabe, kwa masiku angapo oyambilira, yaikazi siyimatuluka muchisa kuti anapiye asamaundane, ndipo bambo wa banja amapeza chakudya, ndipo amadyetsa yaikazi ndi anapiye omwe.
Kawirikawiri, yamphongo imakhala ndi nkhwangwa zingapo, pamenepa amasamalira banja limodzi komanso lina, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amawulukira kuchisa chimodzi pafupipafupi, ndipo banja linalo limawona kawirikawiri.
Anapiye okulirapo komanso olimba pambuyo pa theka la mwezi, osakhoza kuuluka, amayamba kutuluka mchisa chofunda. Kwa sabata ina, makolo amadyetsa ana awo, omwe panthawiyo samapita kutali ndi chisa. Patapita sabata, anapiyewo amalimba mtima ndipo amatha kuuluka koyamba, pambuyo pake amakhala okonzeka kukhala okha.
Okwatirana, atamasula mwana woyamba, osataya nthawi, amapita ku clutch yotsatira ndipo chilichonse chimabwereza. Kutalika kodziwika kwanthawi yayitali koyambiranso kuthengo sikumadutsa zaka 10; kunyumba, mosamala, amatha kukhala pang'ono.
