Mkango Woyera. Malo okhala mkango woyera ndi moyo

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Nthano imanena kuti nthawi ina, mizimu yoyipa idatumiza temberero lalikulu kwa okhala padziko lapansi, ambiri adamwalira chifukwa cha matenda opweteka. Anthu adayamba kupemphera kwa milungu kuti awathandize, kumwamba kudawamvera chisoni anthu omwe adazunzika ndikutumiza mthenga wawo padziko lapansi - wamphamvu mkango woyera, yemwe, ndi nzeru zake, adaphunzitsa anthu momwe angamenyere matenda ndikulonjeza kuti adzawateteza munthawi zovuta. Chikhulupiriro chimati bola ngati mikango yoyera ikadali pano padziko lapansi, palibe malo azowawa komanso kukhumudwa m'mitima ya anthu.

Mikango yoyera - tsopano ndi zenizeni, koma posachedwapa amawerengedwa kuti ndi nthano chabe, chifukwa sizinachitike mwachilengedwe. Mu 1975, asayansi awiri-ofufuza omwe adasanthula nyama za ku Africa ndipo adakhala zaka zopitilira chimodzi akufufuza ngati kuli mikango yoyera, mwangozi adapeza ana atatu oyera ngati chipale okhala ndi maso amtambo ngati thambo, lobadwa ndi mkango wachifumu wofiira. Ana a mikango adayikidwa m'malo osungidwa kuti atulutse mtundu wamfumu yodziwika bwino ya nyama - mkango woyera.

Pakadali pano pali anthu mazana atatu padziko lapansi, mtundu uwu, womwe udatayika kale ku umunthu. Tsopano mkango woyera si nyama yomwe imakhala kumtunda kwa mapiri a ku Africa, mikango yotetezedwa imatetezedwa ndikupanga zinthu zabwino zoswana m'malo osungira padziko lonse lapansi.

Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Mikango ndi ya gulu la zinyama, dongosolo la adani, banja la mphalapala. Ali ndi ubweya waufupi, wonyezimira wonyezimira womwe pang'onopang'ono umadetsedwa kuyambira kubadwa kwa nyama ndipo wamkulu amakhala minyanga. Kunsonga kwa mchira, mkango woyera uli ndi ngayaye yaying'ono, yomwe ndi yakuda mwa abale ofiira.

Kutalika kwa thupi lamphongo kumatha kufika pafupifupi 330 cm, mkango wachikazi, monga lamulo, umakhala wocheperako - 270 cm. Kulemera kwa mkango woyera zimasiyanasiyana 190 mpaka 310 kg. Mikango imasiyanitsidwa ndi akazi ndi mane wamkulu wa tsitsi lakuda komanso lalitali, lomwe limayamba kukula pamutu, m'mbali mwa mphuno ndikudutsa bwino paphewa. Kukongola kwa mane kumapereka mfumu ya nyama mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mwamphamvu, imatha kukopa zazikazi ndikuwopseza azimuna.

Zimatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti nyama izi si maalubino. Pali mikango yoyera yokhala ndi maso abuluu komanso maso agolide. Kusowa kwa mtundu wa khungu ndi chovala kumawonetsera kusowa kwa jini yapadera.

Asayansi amaganiza kuti pafupifupi zaka 20,000 zapitazomikango yoyera ya ku africa Ndinkakhala pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake ali ndi utoto woyera, womwe umakhala ngati chobisalira bwino posaka. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo padziko lapansi, mikango yoyera yakhala ikukhala m'mapiri ndikudzitchinjiriza m'maiko otentha.

Chifukwa cha kuwala kwake, mkango umakhala nyama yosatetezeka, yomwe, nthawi yosaka, imatha kubisala mokwanira kuti ipeze chakudya chofunikira.

Ndipo kwa opha nyama mosaka nyama, khungu lowala la nyama ndiye chikho chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mikango yokhala ndi mtundu "wachilendo" chotere wachilengedwe, zimakhala zovuta kubisala muudzu ndipo chifukwa chake zimatha kukhala nyama zina.

Wamkulu kwambiri chiwerengero cha mikango yoyera lili kumadzulo kwa South Africa ku Sambona Nature Reserve. Kwa iwo, ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zosowa, zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi malo achilengedwe zakutchire zidapangidwa.

Munthu samasokoneza njira zakusankhidwa kwachilengedwe, kusaka ndi kubereka kwa okhala mdera lotetezedwa. Malo osungira nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, monga Germany, Japan, Canada, Russia, Malaysia, ndi United States, amasunga nyama yodziwika imeneyi m'malo awo otseguka.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Izi ndizabwino, zoperekedwa kuchithunzi mikango yoyera, makamaka amakhala m'magulu akulu - kunyada. Makamaka mikango yaikazi imabereka ana ndikusaka, ndipo amuna amateteza kunyada ndi gawo. Pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, amuna amachotsedwa m'mabanja ndipo patapita kanthawi olimba kwambiri amadzipangira okha kunyada.

Banja limodzi lotere limakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena atatu, akazi angapo komanso ana ang'onoang'ono azimuna ndi akazi. Nyama zimasonkhanitsa nyama pamodzi, kugawa bwino ntchito. Amuna a mikango amatenga gawo lofunikira posaka, chifukwa amathamanga kwambiri komanso amayenda kwambiri.

Yaimuna imangowopseza nyamayo ndi kubangula koopsa, komwe kumayembekezera kale. Mikango yoyera imatha kugona mpaka maola 20 patsiku, ikukwera mumthunzi wazitsamba ndikufalitsa mitengo.

Gawo lodzitamandira ndilo komwemikango yoyera imasaka... Ngati imodzi mwa nyama za mabanja a mikango ya anthu ena ilowa mdziko muno, ndiye kuti nkhondo pakati pa kunyada ikhoza kuchitika.

Kudyetsa mkango woyera

Zakudya zamasiku onse zamwamuna wamkulu ndi nyama, nthawi zambiri nyama yosakhazikika (njati kapena giraffe) kuyambira 18 mpaka 30 kg. Mikango ndi nyama zoleza mtima kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudya kamodzi pa masiku awiri kapena atatu alionse, ndipo zimatha kudya popanda milungu ingapo.

Kudya mkango woyera ndi mwambo. Mtsogoleri wamwamuna wonyada amadya kaye, kenako ena onse, achichepere amadya komaliza. Woyamba kudya mtima wa nyama, kenako chiwindi ndi impso, kenako nyama ndi khungu. Amayamba kudya pokhapokha mwamuna wamkulu atakhuta.

Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mkango woyera

Mikango yoyera imatha kuswana chaka chonse. Kubereka kwa mwana kumachitika mkati mwa miyezi 3.5 yokha. Asanabadwe, mkango wachikazi umasiya kunyada, ndikupita kudziko lapansi amatha kubereka kuchokera pa mwana mmodzi mpaka anayi wamkango. Patapita kanthawi, wamkazi ndi ana ake amabwerera kunyada.

Kubadwa kwa ana kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi imodzi mwa akazi onse, izi zimathandizira kuteteza pamodzi kwa ana a mkango ndipo kumachepetsa kwambiri kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono. Anawo atakula, akazi achichepere amakhalabe onyada, ndipo amuna, atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi, amasiya kunyada.

Kumtchire, mikango imatha kukhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 13 mpaka 16, koma amuna nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi zaka 11, chifukwa, atathamangitsidwa kunyada, sikuti onse amatha kukhala okha kapena kupanga mabanja awoawo.

Mu ukapolo, mikango yoyera imatha kukhala zaka 19 mpaka 30. Ku Russia, mikango yoyera imakhala ku Krasnoyarsk park ya zinyama ndi nyama "Roev Ruchey" komanso "Safari Park" ya Krasnodar. Mikango yoyera olembedwa mu International Buku Lofiira monga nyama zomwe zili pangozi komanso zosowa, zomwe sizipezeka m'chilengedwe. Zimatengera kokha munthu ngati mkango woyera udzakhala weniweni kapena udzakhalanso nthano.

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Onerani kanemayo: Zonse ndi Moyo - Lawi ft Joab Frank Chakhaza (November 2024).